scholarly journals Determination of refractive index, size, and solid content of monodisperse polystyrene microsphere suspensions for the characterization of optical phantoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Naglič ◽  
Yevhen Zelinskyi ◽  
Boštjan Likar ◽  
Miran Bürmen
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Polystyrene Microsphere ◽  
Monodisperse Polystyrene ◽  
Index Size

Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Abdurrohman ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

Composition Determination of Microcrystalline Two-Phase Silicon Rich Oxides

1989 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Bouldin ◽  
C.H. Lam ◽  
K. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ellipsometric Measurement ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Back Scattering

AbstractHRTEM measurements of silicon rich oxides (SRO) show silicon microcrystals in an oxide matrix [1]. Simple, reliable characterization of this two phase material has been a problem. Ellipsometric measurement of the refractive index is a convenient method for characterizing SRO films. Film composition can be related to the refractive index by Bruggeman's effective medium approximation. In this paper we demonstrate correlation of film compositions obtained by this technique with those obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)and Rutherford back scattering (RBS). We further demonstrate regimes of LPCVD growth where simple correlation of film composition with [N2 0]/[SiH4] gas ratios is not reliable.

scholarly journals Optical characterization of tissue-simulating phantom components at 405nm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Ali Shahin ◽  
Wesam Bachir ◽  
Moustafa Sayem El-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Polystyrene Microsphere ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Tissue Simulating Phantoms

Optical properties of India ink (1950375, Parker, Quink, England) and 1-µm polystyrene microsphere (07310-15, Polysciences, USA) have been predicted at 405nm. For this purpose, a single integrating sphere system and spectrophotometric transmission spectroscopy have been used to estimate the radiometric characteristics. Radiometric measurements utilized to retrieve optical coefficients based on two different methods. Extinction coefficient has been estimated using collimated transmittance. To reconstruct absorption and scattering coefficients, total transmittance, diffuse reflectance and transmittance were measured. Polystyrene albedo was 0.9925 and was 0.1044 for ink. The agreement of PS scattering coefficient in comparison to Mie theory was obvious. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB.W. Pogue, and M.S. Patterson, "Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry", J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 4(2006). CrossRef D. Coluccia, J. Fandino, M. Fujioka, S. Cordovi, C. Muroi, and H. Landolt, "Intraoperative 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced fluorescence in meningiomas", Acta. Neurochir. 152 (2010). CrossRef P. Valdes et al. "https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8928/892809/Quantitative-spectrally-resolved-intraoperative-fluorescence-imaging-for-neurosurgical-guidance-in/10.1117/12.2039090.short", Congress. Neuro. Surg. 10, 1(2014). CrossRef S. J. Madeson, M. S. Patterson, and B. C. Wilson, "The use of India ink as an optical absorber in tissue-simulating phantoms", Phys. Med. Bio. 37, 5(1997). CrossRef P. Ninni, F. Martelli, and G. Zaccanti, "The use of India ink in tissue-simulating phantoms", Opt. Express. 18, 26(2010). CrossRef F. Martelli, and G. Zaccanti, "Calibration of scattering and absorption properties of a liquid diffusive medium at NIR wavelengths. CW method", Opt. Express.15, 2(2007). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Determination of reference values for optical properties of liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink", Biomed. Opt. Express. 5, 7(2014). CrossRef Y. Liu, Y. Kim, and V. Beckman, "Development of a bioengineered tissue model and its application in the investigation of the depth selectivity of polarization gating", App.Opt. 44, 12 (2005). CrossRef B. Wilson, M. Patterson, and S. Flock, "INDIRECT VERSUS DIRECT TECHNIQUES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TISSUES", Photochem. Photobiol. 46, 5(1987). CrossRef L. L. Sandell, and T. C. Zhu, "A review of in‐vivo optical properties of human tissues and its impact on PDT", J. Biophotonics. 4,(2011). CrossRef A. Shahin, M. Sayem El-Daher, and W. Bachir, "Determination of the optical properties of Intralipid 20% over a broadband spectrum", Phot. Lett. Poland. 10, 4(2018). CrossRef A. Karinov, A. Mokeeva, E. Segeeva, P. Agrba, and M. Kirillin, "Optical properties of mouse biotissues and their optical phantoms", Opt. Spec. 115, 2(2013). CrossRef C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption, version 2 (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink D. Roysten, R. Poston, and S. Prahl, "Optical properties of scattering and absorbing materials used in the development of optical phantoms at 1064 nm", JBO. 1, 1(1996). CrossRef A. Shahin, and W. Bachir, "Broadband spectroscopy for characterization of tissue-like phantom optical properties", Pol. J. Med. Phys. Eng. 21, 4(2017). CrossRef

scholarly journals Fast Cross-Linking-Characterization of Waveguide-Polymers on Wafers by Imaging Low-Coherence Interferometry

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Christopher Taudt ◽  
Bryan Nelsen ◽  
Sandra Schlögl ◽  
Edmund Koch ◽  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Low Coherence Interferometry ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Phase Data

This work introduces a novel method to characterize cross-linking differences in spincast polymers for waveguide applications. The method is based on a low-coherence interferometer which utilizes an imaging spectrometer to gather spatially resolved data along a line without the need for scanning. The cross-linking characterization is performed by the determination of the wavelength-dependent optical thickness. In order to do this, an algorithm to analyze the wrapped phase data and extract refractive index information is developed. Finally, the approach is tested on photo-lithographically produced samples with lateral refractive index differences in pitches of 50 μm.

Preparation and Optical Characterization of Particle Multilayer with Coherent Structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 11-12 ◽  
pp. 627-630
Author(s):  
A. Kato ◽  
K. Hase ◽  
Masayoshi Tanaka ◽  
Takatoshi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Coherent Structure ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Monodisperse Polystyrene

Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particle multilayer with coherent structure wasconstructed by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. The reflectance spectra of the particle multilayer with various incident angles indicated that the constructed particle multilayer showed a typical optical character of the conventional multilayer having different refractive index. It was suggested that the particle multilayer was treated as a multilayer constructed by polymer layer and air layer. The fact was strongly supported by a simulation of the corresponding model, which was designed for analyzing optical characterization of the particle multilayer. The refractive index of the particle multilayer with nickel ion was also discussed by simulation, suggesting that a theoretical designing of the particle multilayer with various refractive index would be possible. It was also suggested that coordination of metal ion on the surface of the particle would be enhanced its contribution for increasing the refractive index.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) Essential Oil. Determination of Volatiles, Non-Volatiles, Physico-Chemical Indices and Enantiomeric Ratios

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Bonaccorsi ◽  
Paola Dugo ◽  
Alessandra Trozzi ◽  
Antonella Cotroneo ◽  
Giovanni Dugo
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Citrus Deliciosa

An investigation of 27 samples of mandarin essential oils (Citrus deliciosa Tenore), industrially produced in Sicily during the 2007-2008 season, was performed to determine the composition of the volatile fraction by GC/FID and GC/MS-LRI, the enantiomeric distribution of some monoterpene hydrocarbons and linalol by Es-GC, the non-volatile oxygen heterocyclic components by RP-HPLC/PDA and the physicochemical indices (relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, residue on evaporation, and UV spectroscopic CD value). This study up-dates the information available in the literature on Sicilian mandarin (C. deliciosa Ten.) essential oils, and provides information on the composition and quality parameters for the evaluation of this product.

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

Characterization of Impressed Current Technique to Model Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Abu Zakir Morshed ◽  
Sheikh Shakib ◽  
Tanzim Jahin
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Time ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Current Technique ◽  
Corrosion Cell ◽  
Impressed Current

Corrosion of reinforcement is an important durability concern for the structures exposed to coastal regions. Since corrosion of reinforcement involves long periods of time, impressed current technique is usually used to accelerate the corrosion of reinforcement in laboratories. Characterization of impressed current technique was the main focus of this research,which involved determination of optimum chloride content and minimum immersion time of specimens for which the application of Faraday’s law could be efficient. To obtain optimum chloride content, the electrolytes in the corrosion cell were prepared similar to that of concrete pore solutions. Concrete prisms of 200 mm by 200 mm by 300 mm were used to determine the minimum immersion time for saturation. It was found that the optimum chloride content was 35 gm/L and the minimum immersion time for saturation was 140 hours. Accounting the results, a modified expression based on Faraday’s law was proposed to calculate weight loss due to corrosion. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 93-99

The Determination of Sense via Deleuze and Blanchot: Paradoxes of the Habitual, the Immemorial, and the Eternal Return

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Brently Young
Keyword(s):  
Eternal Return

Eternal return is the paradox that accounts for the interplay between difference and repetition, a dynamic at the heart of Deleuze's philosophy, and Blanchot's approach to this paradox, even and especially through what it elides, further illuminates it. Deleuze draws on Blanchot's characterisations of difference, forgetting, and the unlivable to depict the ‘sense’ produced via eternal return, which, for Blanchot, is where repetition implicates or ‘carries’ pure difference. However, for Deleuze, difference and the unlivable are also developed by the living repetition or ‘contraction’ of habit, which results in his distinctive characterization of ‘force’, ‘levity’, and sense in eternal return.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document