3–-D Migration Experiment in Sparsely Fractured Crystalline Rock

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Abelin ◽  
Lars Birgersson ◽  
Jard Gidlund ◽  
Luis Moreno ◽  
Thomas Ågren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Tracer Experiment ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Tracer Migration

AbstractA large scale tracer experiment has been performed in sparsely fractured granitic rock at 360 m depth. Nine different conservative tracers were injected at distances ranging between 10 and 56 m from a drift excavated for this experiment. The upper part of the test site was covered completely with plastic sheets. All the water entering into the drift could be collected. Water flow monitoring shows that water flow takes place in small areas with large dry areas in between. Of the nine injected tracers six reached the test site during the experiment. The fitting of the breakthrough curves to different models could not satisfactorily explain the actual processes involved in the tracer migration. The results of the tracer experiments and the Tritium measurements gave strong support to the notion that a non–negligible portion of the flow takes place in more or less isolated channels.

The Assessment of Radionuclide Retardation in Fractured Crystalline Rocks

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Russell Alexander ◽  
Kunio Ota ◽  
Bernhard Frieg ◽  
Ian G. Mckinley
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Radionuclide Migration ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Fractured Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Tracer Migration

ABSTRACTThe joint Nagra/PNC Radionuclide Migration Programme has been running for over ten years in Nagra‘s Grimsel Test Site in the central Swiss Alps. The programme is specifically aimed at the further development of conceptual models of radionuclide transport in the geosphere, rigorously testing the applicability of current transport codes to quantify radionuclide migration in situ and assessing how successfully laboratory sorption data (specifically, Kd values) may be extrapolated to in situ conditions to predict radionuclide retardation in the geosphere [1]. A large series of field tracer migration experiments was carried out in a hydrologically well characterised water-bearing, complex fracture (or shear zone), increasing in complexity from simple, nonsorbing fluoresceine (a fluorescent dye), 3H, 3,4He, 82Br and 123I through weakly sorbing 22.24Na,85Sr and 86Rb to a final, long-term experiment with moderately sorbing 134,137Cs. The radionuclides were injected into a dipole flow field where the flowpath length, dipole width or shape and groundwater flow velocity were all varied. After a considerable learning period, generally good fits could be obtained between transport code predictions and subsequent field tracer breakthrough curves, suggesting that the transport codes tested were a reasonable representation of in situ conditions.

Colloid and Radionuclide Transport in Granite Under Low Water Flow Rates Expected in a Geological Repository

2009 ◽  
Vol 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nairoby Albarran ◽  
Tiziana Missana ◽  
Ursula Alonso ◽  
Miguel Garcia-Gutierrez ◽  
Manuel Mingarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Radionuclide Transport ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
High Level

AbstractColloids generated from the engineered barriers of a high level radioactive waste repository (HLWR) emplaced in crystalline rock could play a significant role in radionuclide transport and they are of concern for the safety assessment of these repositories.The main objectives of this study are: a) to analyze the transport properties of colloids in a crystalline fractured rock under hydrodynamic conditions as similar as possible to those expected in a repository (i.e. low flow rates) and b) to discuss the effects of their presence on the transport of radionuclides.Transport experiments with bentonite and latex colloids in a fractured granite column from the Grimsel Test Site (Switzerland) were carried out, under geochemical conditions ensuring colloid stability (alkaline and low ionic strength water). Transport experiments were also carried out with 85Sr and 233U and the results with and without the presence of bentonite colloids were compared.Colloid filtration in the fracture was always observed, even when colloids presented high stability and the conditions were unfavorable to colloid attachment to rock surfaces, being both the colloids and the rock negatively charged and the fracture surface smooth. The retention in the fracture depended on the water flow rate, increasing the retention as the water flow decreased.This work illustrates as both the mobile and retained fraction of colloids, which strongly depend on the hydrodynamic conditions, are of importance in the overall radionuclide mobility.

scholarly journals Large-Scale, High-Throughput Validation of Short Hairpin RNA Sequences for RNA Interference

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence H. Lamarcq ◽  
Bradley J. Scherer ◽  
Michael L. Phelan ◽  
Nikolai N. Kalnine ◽  
Yen H. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Hairpin Rna ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Short Hairpin ◽  
Short Hairpin Rnas ◽  
Interfering Rna

A method for high-throughput cloning and analysis of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) is described. Using this approach, 464 shRNAs against 116 different genes were screened for knockdown efficacy, enabling rapid identification of effective shRNAs against 74 genes. Statistical analysis of the effects of various criteria on the activity of the shRNAs confirmed that some of the rules thought to govern small interfering RNA (siRNA) activity also apply to shRNAs. These include moderate GC content, absence of internal hairpins, and asymmetric thermal stability. However, the authors did not find strong support for positionspecific rules. In addition, analysis of the data suggests that not all genes are equally susceptible to RNAinterference (RNAi).

Design of an IoT-based water flow monitoring system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zill Ullah Khan ◽  
M Umair Anwar ◽  
Sabah Pirani ◽  
Faisal Lalani ◽  
Babatunde Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Monitoring

scholarly journals Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of wave energy converters based on dielectric elastomer generators

Meccanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237
Author(s):  
Giacomo Moretti ◽  
Andrea Scialò ◽  
Giovanni Malara ◽  
Giovanni Gerardo Muscolo ◽  
Felice Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

AbstractDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are soft electrostatic generators based on low-cost electroactive polymer materials. These devices have attracted the attention of the marine energy community as a promising solution to implement economically viable wave energy converters (WECs). This paper introduces a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation framework for a class of WECs that combines the concept of the oscillating water columns (OWCs) with the DEGs. The proposed HIL system replicates in a laboratory environment the realistic operating conditions of an OWC/DEG plant, while drastically reducing the experimental burden compared to wave tank or sea tests. The HIL simulator is driven by a closed-loop real-time hydrodynamic model that is based on a novel coupling criterion which allows rendering a realistic dynamic response for a diversity of scenarios, including large scale DEG plants, whose dimensions and topologies are largely different from those available in the HIL setup. A case study is also introduced, which simulates the application of DEGs on an OWC plant installed in a mild real sea laboratory test-site. Comparisons with available real sea-test data demonstrated the ability of the HIL setup to effectively replicate a realistic operating scenario. The insights gathered on the promising performance of the analysed OWC/DEG systems pave the way to pursue further sea trials in the future.

scholarly journals CAF and CAMM analyses on the first 10 years of national Kanta services in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesa Jormanainen ◽  
Jarmo Reponen
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Clinical Adoption

We report the large-scale deployment, implementation and adoption of the nationwide centralized integrated and shared Kanta health information services by using the Clinical Adoption Framework (CAF). The meso and macro level dimensions of the CAF were incorporated early into our e-health evaluation framework to assess Health Information System (HIS) implementation at the national level. We found strong support for the CAF macro level model concepts in Finland. Typically, development programs were followed by government policy commitments, appropriate legislation and state budget funding before the CAF meso level implementation activities. Our quantitative data point to the fact that implementing large-scale health information technology (HIT) systems in practice is a rather long process. For HIT systems success in particular citizens’ and professionals’ acceptance are essential. When implementation of the national health information systems was evaluated against Clinical Adoption Meta-Model (CAMM), the results show that Finland has already passed many milestones in CAMM archetypes. According to our study results, Finland seems to be a good laboratory entity to study practical execution of HIT systems, CAF and CAMM theoretical constructs can be used for national level HIS implementation evaluation.

scholarly journals Ragnarok

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (509) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Bærbak Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Strength ◽  
Software Development Environments

<p>This report describes the current state of my research in software development environments. I argue in favour of strong support for <em>project management, comprehension and navigation,</em> and <em>collaboration</em> primarily based on experiences from developing large-scale industrial-strength applications.</p><p>An underlying model of such an environment, named ``Ragnarok´´, is outlined. A design and first prototype of important parts of Ragnarok is described as well as some results from initial experiments.</p>

scholarly journals Ethylene Yield from Pyrolysis Cracking in Olefin Plant Utilizing Regression Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hafizi Zakria ◽  
Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi ◽  
Mohd Rizal Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Steam Drum ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

Ethylene yield is significant in showing the performance of the steam cracker furnace in the olefin plant. This study was conducted in the actual large-scale olefin plant to see the impact of various variables towards the ethylene yield. The analysis was conducted utilizing Regression Analysis in Minitab Software Version 18 to develop a reliable ethylene yield model. The model concluded that ethylene yield in the studied plant was contributed by the factor of -0.000901, 0.02649, -0.282, 0.16, -0.0834, 0.1268, and 0.0057 of Hearth Burner Flow, Integral Burner Flow, Steam Drum Pressure, Super High-Pressure Steam (SHP) Boiler Feed Water Flow, SHP Flow, Naphtha Feed Flow, and Stack NOx Emission respectively. The Response Optimizer tool also showed that the ethylene yield from naphtha liquid feed utilizing pyrolysis cracking can be maximized at 32.55% with control setting at 9,476.41 kg/hr of Hearth Burner Flow, 608.56 kg/hr of Integral Burner Flow, 112.93 Barg of Steam Drum Pressure, 109.11 t/hr of SHP Boiler Feed Water Flow, 86.42 t/hr of SHP Flow, 63.49 t/hr of Naphtha Feed Flow and 126.23 mg/m3 of Stack NOx Emission.

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