scholarly journals Ultra-Low-Energy Straintronics Using Multiferroic Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuntal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Analog Signal ◽  
Suitable Choice ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Magnetization Dynamics ◽  
Current State

ABSTRACTThe primary impediment to continued improvement of charge-based electronics is the excessive energy dissipation incurred in switching a bit of information. With suitable choice of materials, devices made of multiferroic composites, i.e., strain-coupled piezoelectric-magnetostrictive heterostructures, dissipate miniscule amount of energy of ∼1 attojoule at room-temperature, while switching in sub-nanosecond delay. Apart from devising memory bits, such devices can be also utilized for building logic, so that they can be deemed suitable for computing purposes as well. Here, we first review the current state of the art for building nanoelectronics using multiferroic composites. On a recent development, it is shown that these multiferroic straintronic devices can be also utilized for analog signal processing, with suitable choice of materials. By solving stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics at room-temperature, it is shown that we can achieve a voltage gain, i.e., these straintronic devices can act as voltage amplifiers.

Materials Requirements for IR Detectors and Imagers

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kinch
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ir Detectors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Considerable Complexity

ABSTRACTThe requirements of infrared systems have increased significantly over the years, from the simple linear, low resolution, photoconductive array to the present-day, large area, high-density, photodiode (MIS and metalurgical) arrays, with on-focal-plane signal processing of considerable complexity. The success that has been achieved in meeting the performance goals appropriate for these systems has been due, to a large degree, to significant advances in the relevant materials technologies. The technologies of importance over the last twenty years are briefly reviewed, and the current state of the art, with its dominance by intrinsic alloy materials, is addressed in detail. The limitations of current bulk and epitaxial intrinsic materials technologies are considerable, both from a performance and a producibility point of view, when compared to the quality and quantity of material required by future infrared systems. These limitations are considered together with possible ways to overcome them.

Advanced Thermal Storage Fluids for Solar Parabolic Trough Systems

Solar Energy ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Moens ◽  
Daniel M. Blake ◽  
Daniel L. Rudnicki ◽  
Mary Jane Hale
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
New Class ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Current State

It has been established that the development of a storage option and increasing the operating temperature for parabolic trough electric systems can significantly reduce the levelized electricity cost (LEC) compared to the current state of the art. Both improvements require a new heat transfer fluid that must have a very low vapor pressure at the hot operating temperature and combined with a high thermal stability, higher than 450°C. Further, the piping layout of trough plants dictates that the fluid not be allowed to freeze, which dictates the use of extensive insulation and heat tracing unless the fluid has a freezing point near 0°C. At present, it seems likely that this “ideal” fluid will have to be found among organic rather than inorganic salts. We are therefore investigating the chemical and thermal properties of ‘room temperature ionic liquids’ (RTILs) that hold much promise as a new class of heat transfer or storage fluids.

Advanced Thermal Storage Fluids for Solar Parabolic Trough Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Moens ◽  
Daniel M. Blake ◽  
Daniel L. Rudnicki ◽  
Mary Jane Hale
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
New Class ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Current State

It has been established that the development of a storage option and increasing the operating temperature for parabolic trough electric systems can significantly reduce the levelized electricity cost compared to the current state of the art. Both improvements require a new heat transfer fluid that must have a very low vapor pressure at the hot operating temperature and combined with a high thermal stability, higher than 450°C. Further, the piping layout of trough plants dictates that the fluid not be allowed to freeze, which dictates the use of extensive insulation and heat tracing unless the fluid has a freezing point near 0°C. At present, it seems likely that this “ideal” fluid will have to be found among organic rather than inorganic salts. We are, therefore, investigating the chemical and thermal properties of “room temperature ionic liquids” that hold much promise as a new class of heat transfer or storage fluids.

scholarly journals Using Social Signals to Predict Shoplifting: A Transparent Approach to a Sensitive Activity Analysis Problem

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6812
Author(s):  
Shane Reid ◽  
Sonya Coleman ◽  
Philip Vance ◽  
Dermot Kerr ◽  
Siobhan O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Social Signal Processing ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
High Degree

Retail shoplifting is one of the most prevalent forms of theft and has accounted for over one billion GBP in losses for UK retailers in 2018. An automated approach to detecting behaviours associated with shoplifting using surveillance footage could help reduce these losses. Until recently, most state-of-the-art vision-based approaches to this problem have relied heavily on the use of black box deep learning models. While these models have been shown to achieve very high accuracy, this lack of understanding on how decisions are made raises concerns about potential bias in the models. This limits the ability of retailers to implement these solutions, as several high-profile legal cases have recently ruled that evidence taken from these black box methods is inadmissible in court. There is an urgent need to develop models which can achieve high accuracy while providing the necessary transparency. One way to alleviate this problem is through the use of social signal processing to add a layer of understanding in the development of transparent models for this task. To this end, we present a social signal processing model for the problem of shoplifting prediction which has been trained and validated using a novel dataset of manually annotated shoplifting videos. The resulting model provides a high degree of understanding and achieves accuracy comparable with current state of the art black box methods.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

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