Piezoelectric 2D materials for bistable NEMS energy harvesters

2014 ◽  
Vol 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel López-Suárez ◽  
Miguel Pruneda ◽  
Riccardo Rurali ◽  
Gabriel Abadal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Type Equation ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
Previous Proposal ◽  
Bistable Regime ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of one atom thick h-BN suspended nanoribbons have been obtained by first performing ab-initio calculations of the deformation potential energy and then solving numerically a Langevine type equation to explore their use as energy harvesting devices. Similarly to our previous proposal for a graphene-based harvester1, an applied compressive strain is used to drive the clamped-clamped nanoribbon structure into a bistable regime, where quasi-harmonic vibrations are combined with low frequency swings between the minima of a double-well potential. h-BN, graphene and MoS2 similar structures have been compared in terms of the static response to a compressive strain and of the dynamic evolution induced by an external noisy vibration. Due to its intrinsic piezoelectric response, the mechanical harvester naturally provides an electrical power that is readily available or can be stored by simply contacting the monolayer at its ends. Engineering the induced non-linearity, the proposed device is predicted to harvest an electrical root mean square (rms) power of more than 180 fW when it is excited by a noisy external force characterized by a white Gaussian frequency distribution with an intensity in the order of Frms=5pN.

Fundamental Study on Friction-Driven Gyroscopic Power Generator Works Under Arbitrary Vibration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Ryousuke Yuyama ◽  
Hiroshi Hosaka ◽  
Akira Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Circular Track

Abstract This paper describes a friction-driven gyro generator that works under arbitrary vibrations and generates more than 1 W of power. Vibrational generators are energy harvesters that convert environmental vibrations into electrical power via the inertial force of pendulums. In conventional generators that use simple vibration, the power is less than 10 mW for a wearable size because vibrations in the natural environment are as low as 1 Hz. Gyroscopic generators increase the inertial force by rotating a pendulum at high speed and creating a gyro effect. In this generator, a palm-size product that generates 0.1 W and weighs 280 g has already been commercialized, but this device operates only under a particular vibration that synchronizes rotor precession and stalls under random vibration. To solve this problem, in this research, two gimbals and a precession spring are introduced to support the rotor. We developed a prototype generator with straight tracks measuring 16 cm × 11 cm × 12 cm with a mass of 980 g. Under a vibration of 4 Hz and ±20 degrees, power generation of 1.6 W was confirmed. Next, a prototype circular track was made. Power generation of 0.2 W with a vibration of 1 Hz and ±90 degrees was confirmed. Finally, a simple formula to estimate the upper limit of the generation power is derived. It is suggested that the circular-type generator is suitable for low-frequency vibration and can generate twice the power of a straight-type generator.

Ultra-Long Barium Titanate Nanowire Arrays for Low Frequency Energy Harvesting Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesh Koka ◽  
Henry A. Sodano
Keyword(s):  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Vertically Aligned

Piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) have recently attracted immense interest due to their excellent electro-mechanical coupling behavior that can efficiently enable conversion of low-intensity mechanical vibrations for powering or augmenting batteries of biomedical devices and portable consumer electronics. Specifically, nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) composed of piezoelectric NWs offer an exciting potential for energy harvesting applications due to their enhanced flexibility, light weight, and compact size. Compared to the bulk form, high aspect ratio NWs can exhibit higher deformation to produce an enhanced piezoelectric response at a lower stress level. NEMS made of conventional semiconducting vertically aligned, ZnO NW arrays have been investigated thoroughly for energy harvesting; however, ZnO has a lower piezoelectric coupling coefficient as compared to many ferroelectric ceramics which limits its piezoelectric performance. Amidst lead-free ferroelectric materials, environmentally-friendly barium titanate (BaTiO3) possesses one of the highest piezoelectric strain coefficients and thus can enable greater energy transfer when used in vibrational energy harvesters. In this paper, a novel NEMS energy harvester is fabricated using ultra-long (∼40 μm long), vertically aligned BaTiO3 NW arrays which has a low resonant frequency (below 200 Hz) and its AC power harvesting capacity from low amplitude base vibrations (0.25 g) is demonstrated. The design and fabrication of low resonant frequency vibrational energy harvesters has been challenging in the field of MEMS/NEMS since the high stiffness of the structures results in resonant frequency often greater than 1 kHz. However, ambient mechanical vibrations usually exist in the 1 Hz to 1 kHz range and thus highly complaint ultra-long, NW arrays are beneficial to enable efficient energy conversion. Through the use of this newly developed synthesis process for the growth of highly compliant, ultra-long BaTiO3 NW arrays, it is shown that piezoelectric NWs based NEMS energy harvesters capable of harnessing this low frequency ambient vibrational energy can be conceived.

Multifunctional Energy Harvesting Locally Resonant Metastructures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Sugino ◽  
Vinciane Guillot ◽  
Alper Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Vibration Attenuation

Vibration-based energy harvesting is a growing field for generating low-power electricity to use in wireless electronic devices, such as the sensor networks used in structural health monitoring applications. Locally resonant metastructures, which are structures that comprise locally resonant metamaterial components, enable bandgap formation at wavelengths much longer than the lattice size, for critical applications such as low-frequency vibration attenuation in flexible structures. This work aims to bridge the domains of energy harvesting and locally resonant metamaterials to form multifunctional structures that exhibit both low-power electricity generation and vibration attenuation capabilities. A fully coupled electromechanical modeling framework is developed for two characteristic systems and their modal analysis is presented. Simulations are performed to explore the vibration and electrical power frequency response maps for varying electrical load resistance, and optimal loading conditions are presented. Case studies are presented to understand the interaction of bandgap formation and energy harvesting capabilities of this new class of multifunctional energy-harvesting locally resonant metastructures. It is shown that useful energy can be harvested from the locally resonant metastructure without significantly diminishing their dramatic vibration attenuation in the locally resonant bandgap. Thus, by integrating energy harvesters into a locally resonant metastructure, there is new potential for multifunctional self-powering or self-sensing locally resonant metastructures.

Synthesis of Defect-Free Peaucellier Mechanism and Potential Implications for Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Almandeel ◽  
Abdulaziz Aladwani ◽  
Hessein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Harmonic Motion ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Design Variables

Abstract Cantilevered beams with piezoceramic layers are typically used to generate electrical energy; hence, a base excitation on a harvester is required. This work investigates the use of a link-type mechanism called the Peaucellier mechanism to actuate piezoelectric energy harvesters. The Peaucellier mechanism is known to trace an exact straight line, providing harmonic motion, which is exploited here for exciting a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam. To generate the required base excitation, a function generation synthesis methodology for designing a defect-free Peaucellier mechanism driven by a dyad (PMD) is proposed, in addition to an example being provided to confirm the efficacy of the method. The harmonic motion involves two design variables (frequency and amplitude) which are key parameters and can be tuned to generate the required electrical power. It was determined that PMD could excite the energy harvester, generating an electrical power of approximately 4.52 μ W at low frequency. The synthesis generated a mean absolute error of 0.061 m/s2 confirming an excellent match between the points of the input-output and desired acceleration. The results confirm that the Peaucellier mechanism is suitable for the actuation of energy harvesters where parasitic power harvesting is required in different practical applications, including robotics and stationary machines.

An Experimental Study of Low-Frequency Vibration-Based Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters Used while Walking

2014 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chie Chiu ◽  
Ying Chun Chang ◽  
Long Jyi Yeh ◽  
Chiu Hung Chung ◽  
Chen Hsin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic System ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration

The goal of this paper is to develop and experimentally test portable vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters which are fit for extracting low frequency kinetic energy. Based on a previous study on fixed vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters, three kinds of portable energy harvesters (prototype I, prototype II, and prototype III) are developed and tested. To obtain the related parameters of the energy harvesters, an experimental platform used to measure the vibrational systems electrical power at the resonant frequency and other fixed frequencies is also established. Based on the research work of vibration theory, a low frequency vibration-arm mechanism (prototype III) which is easily in resonance with a walking tempo is developed. Here, a strong magnet fixed to one side of the vibration-arm along with a set of wires placed along the vibrating path will generate electricity. The circular device has a radius of 180 mm, a width of 50 mm, and weighs 200 grams. Because of its light mass, it is easy to carry and put into a backpack. Experimental results reveal that the energy harvester (prototype III) can easily transform kinetic energy into electrical power via the vibration-based electromagnetic system when walking at a normal speed. Consequently, electrical energy reaching 0.25 W is generated from the energy harvester (prototype III) by extracting kinetic energy produced by walking.

scholarly journals Studies on the electrostatic effects of stretched PVDF films and nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Lin ◽  
Yuqiong Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Meining Zhang ◽  
Dalong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Effects ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

AbstractThe electroactive β-phase in Poly (vinylidene fluoride, PVDF) is the most desirable conformation due to its highest pyro- and piezoelectric properties, which make it feasible to be used as flexible sensors, wearable electronics, and energy harvesters etc. In this study, we successfully developed a method to obtain high-content β-phase PVDF films and nanofiber meshes by mechanical stretching and electric spinning. The phase transition process and pyro- and piezoelectric effects of stretched films and nanofiber meshes were characterized by monitoring the polarized light microscopy (PLM) images, outputting currents and open-circuit voltages respectively, which were proved to be closely related to stretching ratio (λ) and concentrations. This study could expand a new route for the easy fabrication and wide application of PVDF films or fibers in wearable electronics, sensors, and energy harvesting devices.

scholarly journals Recent Trend in Biomechanical Energy Harvesting

10.48175/606 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Swapnil Arawade ◽  
Ganesh Korwar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Work Done

In this literature different biomechanical energy harvesters are reviewed. In the past years a lot of work reported on energy harvesting. Energy crisis is the main issue in front of human so it is essential to find new promising ways to fulfil the need of electricity. Wearable smart devices and small sensor require low electrical power so to power them biomechanical energy harvesters comes into picture. The innovative work done by the researchers in developing new biomechanical energy harvester is discussed and summarized.

scholarly journals Adaptive Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Mobile Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haziq Kamal ◽  
Peyman Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Ambient Excitation

<div>Advances in design and development of light-weight and low power wearable and mobile devices open up the possibility of lifetime extension of these devices from ambient sources through energy harvesting devices as opposed to periodically recharge the batteries. The most commonly available ambient energy source for mobile devices is Kinetic energy harvesters (KEH). The major drawback of the energy harvesters is limited effectiveness of harvesting mechanism near a fixed resonant frequency. It is difficult to harvest a reliable amount of energy from every forms of device motions with different excitation frequencies. To overcome this drawback, in this paper we propose an adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester which utilises spring characteristics to adapt its resonant frequency to match the ambient excitation frequency. This paper presents a prototype design and analysis of an adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester both in simulation and real. The harvester has tested using a specially designed experimental setup and compared with numerical simulations. The proposed solution generates 3.5 times higher maximum power over the default power output and 2.4 times higher maximum frequency compared to a fixed resonant frequency electromagnetic energy harvester.</div>

scholarly journals Nonlinear damping in energy harvesters driven by colored noise

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Mauricio Bastida Romero ◽  
Sebastian Ramirez Cholula
Keyword(s):  
Colored Noise ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Random Vibrations ◽  
Energy Harvesters

We study the performance of an electromechanical oscillator as an energy harvester driven byfinite-bandwidth random vibrations under the influence of both a stiffness-type nonlinearity and anonlinear damping that has recently been found to be relevant in the dynamics of submicrometermechanical resonators. The device was numerically simulated and its performance assessed by meansof the net electrical power and the efficiency of the conversion of the supplied power by the noiseinto electrical power for exponentially correlated noise. We tune the parameters to achieve a goodperformance of the device for non-negligible amplitudes of the nonlinearity of the oscillator and thedamping.

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