Corrosion Evaluation of Rust Converter and Microcrystalline Wax on Cannon Balls from San Juan de Ulua Fortress

2014 ◽  
Vol 1618 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
R. Orozco-Cruz ◽  
M. Ambros-Peralta ◽  
R. Galvan-Martinez ◽  
J. Reyes-Trujeque
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Corrosion Evaluation ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Metallic Artifacts

ABSTRACTOne of the main problems encountered by curators and conservators in charge of metallic collections from Historical Heritage is related to their long-term conservation, since metallic artifacts undergo corrosion phenomena, which are the result of the interaction between the metal and its environment. The use of rust converters and microcrystalline waxes can be an ecological alternative to the traditional and more aggressive conservation techniques. Although the mechanism of action of these compounds is not clear, it is assumed that they react with iron oxides and generate new compounds that may have a passivation effect on the metallic surface. This paper proposes to show how simple electrochemical techniques can be used as an efficient tool to contribute to the diagnosis of the conservation state of cannon balls and to monitor the restoration treatment. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the effectiveness of a rust converter based on tannins and phosphoric acid, and one microcrystalline wax applied on cannon balls samples exposed to a marine atmosphere. The protection properties of the oxide or conversion layer are evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The results obtained suggest that the use of the rust converter and microcrystalline wax protects the cannon balls, even though its effect is less evident when the deterioration degree is larger.

scholarly journals Corrosion Performance of AISI-309 Exposed to Molten Salts V2O5-Na2SO4at 700°C Applying EIS andRpElectrochemical Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Diaz ◽  
C. Cuevas-Arteaga ◽  
N. Flores-García ◽  
S. Mejía Sintillo ◽  
O. Sotelo-Mazón
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salts ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization Curve ◽  
Linear Polarization Resistance ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tafel Slopes ◽  
Bode Plots

The corrosion performance of AISI-309 exposed 5 days to molten salts 50 mol% V2O5-50 mol% Na2SO4at 700°C is reported in this paper. Such evaluation was made using three electrochemical techniques: potentiodynamic polarization curve (PC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization resistance (Rp). FromPC, the Tafel slopes,Icorr, andEcorrwere obtained. From Nyquist and Bode plots, it was possible to determine two different stages; the first one showed just one loop, which indicated the initial formation of Cr2O3layer over the metallic surface; after that, the dissolution of Cr2O3formed a porous layer, which became part of the corrosion products; at the same time a NiO layer combined with sulfur was forming, which was suggested as the second stage, represented by two capacitive loops. EIS plots were in agreement with the physical characterization made from SEM and EDS analyses. Fitting of EIS experimental data allowed us to propose two electrical circuits, being in concordance with the corrosion stages. Parameters obtained from the simulation of EIS data are also reported. From the results, it was stated that AISI-309 suffered intergranular corrosion due to the presence of sulfur, which diffused to the metallic surface through a porous Cr2O3layer.

scholarly journals Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in HCl and H2SO4 Solution - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
R. T. Vashi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Chemical Attack

Corrosion is the deterioration of metal by chemical attack or reaction with its environment. It is a constant and continuous problem, often difficult to eliminate completely. Prevention would be more practical and achievable than complete elimination. Recently, a huge interested for the use of naturally occurring inhibitors extracted from plants have been emerged. Most of the natural products are non-toxic, biodegradable and readily available due to environmental concerns. The inhibitor is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the metal and forms a protective thin film with inhibitor effect or by combination between inhibitor ions and metallic surface. Corrosion of copper and its inhibition was analyzed by weight loss (Gravimetric), effect of temperature and time of immersion methods. Electrochemical methods such as, Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) were employed. The protective films formed on metal surface have been analyzed by various techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible spectra, X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The results obtained from weight loss and electrochemical techniques were in good agreement. In this review paper, research works produced over the past background on the corrosion of copper in various medium and their corrosion inhibition by using a various green inhibitors were presented.

Evaluation of Polymeric Coatings in CO2 Containing Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 965 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Rayane Z.C. Demoner ◽  
Alexandre R.P. Castro ◽  
Adriana L. Barros ◽  
J.P. Quintela ◽  
Jefferson R. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Linear Polarization Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method

Two types of polymeric coating were applied on an AISI 1020 steel, where one of them was reinforced by carbon nanotubes, with the objective of protection against corrosion in a medium containing saline solution, NaCl 3% wt satured with CO2, at 75 bar and tested at 50oC and 75oC for 360 hours. Electrochemical techniques, such as Linear Polarization Resistance, (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel curves and weight loss method, were used for coating evaluation performance. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine both the morphology and chemical composition of the layer formed on the analyzed surfaces. The coating adhesion to metallic surface was evaluated using pull-off test according to ASTM D4541-09. For the studied conditions, the results obtained showed that there was no adequate coating protection, occurring failures and indicating that both coatings may not be used in the tested conditions.

Comparison of Electrochemical Behavior of Cu-10Ni-10Zn Alloy and Cu in Aqueous Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed A. Badawy ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Rabiei ◽  
Hashem M. Nady ◽  
Mohammed A. Samy
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Copper Dissolution ◽  
Basic Solutions

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of Cu-10Ni-10Zn alloy and Cu was investigated in acidic, neutral and basic solutions. The effect of chloride ions in neutral solutions was also studied. Conventional electrochemical techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used. The corrosion rate of these materials in acidic solutions is relatively high compared to that in neutral or basic solutions. The open-circuit potential of the alloy is nearly the same as that of pure copper in the different media, indicating that the processes which occur on the alloy surface are mainly governed by copper dissolution. In chloride solutions the rate of Cu corrosion is remarkably high. In the alloy, the copper dissolution was suppressed by the presence of nickel and zinc, due to the formation of complex oxide layers. The impedance data were fitted to equivalent circuit models that explain the different electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. SEM and EDAX have shown that the alloy surface is enriched with Ni. In neutral solutions the chloride ions are penetrating the metallic surface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassane Lgaz ◽  
Sheerin Masroor ◽  
Maryam Chafiq ◽  
Mohamed Damej ◽  
Ameni Brahmia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
New Compounds

This research aimed to develop a better understanding of the corrosion inhibition of the mild steel in acidic medium by new organic molecules. For this purpose, two new compounds namely, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (2-BIT) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (3-BIT) were synthesized and evaluated for mild steel (MS) corrosion in HCl. Analyses were carried out using weight loss measurements, electrochemical techniques, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption of inhibitors onto the steel surface follows the Langmuir adsorption model. Generally, results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the investigated molecules was found to increase with increased concentration of inhibitors. Electrochemical tests, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques, showed that the addition of our investigated inhibitors decreases the dissolution of the metal and generally act as mixed-type inhibitors. In addition, the influence of temperature (from 303 to 333 K) on the corrosion inhibition was studied, and the results demonstrated that with an increase in temperature, the inhibition efficiency decrease. SEM results confirmed that the inhibition process is due to a protective film that prevents corrosion. Similarly, the results showed that the inhibitory efficiencies reach 93% at 5 × 10−3 M in the case of inhibitor 3-BIT. These results revealed that this compound could effectively control and reduce the corrosion rate of mild steel in the corrosion test solution.

Diffusion of a Corroding Electrolyte through Defective Electroplated Ceria Based Coatings

2009 ◽  
Vol 289-292 ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Poupard ◽  
F. Pedraza ◽  
J. Creus
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Outward Diffusion ◽  
Metallic Substrates ◽  
Polarisation Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Scanning Electron

Among the new environmentally friendly alternatives to improve the corrosion resistance of metallic substrates, cerium oxide based electrodeposited layers have raised particular attention. In this work, various electrodeposited layers on zinc substrate have been elaborated at different conditions to produce tailored compositions, microstructures and different degrees of porosity. The use of electrochemical techniques (polarisation resistance measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) has allowed to ascertain the porosity, which coupled to Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) studies along the cross sections have revealed the inward and/or outward diffusion of the different elements through the film till the metallic surface. The resulting corrosion mechanisms of these coatings immersed in 3% NaCl are finally discussed.

Characterization of the Stainless Steel Corrosion Kinetic By EIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Galvan-Martinez ◽  
M. Flores-Cocuyo ◽  
R. Orozco-Cruz ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Corrosion Morphology

ABSTRACTAn electrochemical study was carried out in order to obtain the effects of the turbulent flow condition on the stainless steel corrosion immersed in natural seawater using an electrochemical corrosion technique like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A three-electrode electrochemical glass cell was used to obtain the electrochemical measures, where a cylinder of the AISI 410 stainless steel was used as working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode and a synthesised graphite rod as auxiliary electrode. 24 hours was the total exposure time. In order to control the hydrodynamic conditions a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) was used and, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used in order to obtain the superficial analyses of the metallic surface after tests. The results of the electrochemical techniques shown that at 1000 rpm of the rotation speed, the corrosion rate (CR) increased as the exposure time also increased. In additions, in the other rotations speed (2000, 3000 and 5000 rpm), the CR was affected by the corrosion products formed on metallic surface. t is important to point out that the corrosion morphology found in the steel sample was localized corrosion.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Green Inhibitors for Galvanized Steel in Aqueous Solutions

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Vesna Alar ◽  
Ivan Stojanović ◽  
Dražen Mezdić
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Steel Bolts

This study investigates the morphology, composition and corrosion resistance of hot dip galvanized (HDG) steel bolts in fresh water, 1% NaCl saltwater in the presence of protective compounds L-Tryptophan and three conventional corrosion inhibitors: Inhibitor 1-VCI (amine-carboxylates-based), Inhibitor 2 (based on carboxylate acid), and Inhibitor 3 (water-based, carboxylate acid). Quantitative tests performed include gravimetric analysis and electrochemical techniques, such as linear polarization, Tafel extrapolation, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical measurements determined the polarization resistance Rp, corrosion rate vcorr, and corrosion potential Ecorr. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ATR-FTIR spectrometry were used to evaluate and characterize the formed layers on the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel samples. The results reveal that upon corrosion new compounds are formed onto the exposed areas of the treated bolts such as zinc-carbonates, zinc-hydroxides, etc. The presence of these compounds on the surface of the HDG steel bolts hinders the corrosion process by reducing the rate of the anodic and cathodic reactions. The gravimetric test showed that L-tryptophan in distilled water has mass increase, resulting from the formation of white deposits on the sample surface. In fresh water and distilled water, the best corrosion resistance was achieved with Inhibitor 1-VCI, while L-tryptophan showed best results in 1% NaCl solution.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of WE54 Magnesium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
O. Kazum ◽  
Mathan Bobby Kannan ◽  
Nico Scharnagl ◽  
Carsten Blawert ◽  
Ying He He
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Pure Magnesium ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour

The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of WE54 magnesium alloy in 0.5 wt.% NaCl solution was studied using electrochemical techniques. Polarization results suggested that the rare-earths in WE54 alloy enhanced the passivation tendency of the alloy and decreased the corrosion current by ~30% compared to pure magnesium. Pitting corrosion resistance was also higher in WE54 alloy than that in pure magnesium. Long-term electrochemical impedance results showed that the polarization resistance of WE54 alloy was more than two times higher than that of pure magnesium even after initial passivity breakdown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document