Metal oxides as functional semiconductors. An inkjet approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1552 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Anna Vilà ◽  
Alberto Gomez ◽  
Luis Portilla ◽  
Marti Cirici ◽  
Juan Ramon Morante
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

ABSTRACTInkjet printing provides an interesting technology for electronic devices, as it is a versatile minimum-waste cost-effective technique for direct writing on almost every surface without need of masks or sacrificial layers. Among the fields in which it has been tested, transparent and flexible electronics offer a variety of applications ranging from large-area roll-toroll (such as OLEDs for lighting or solar cells) to small low-consumption biocompatible devices such as biosensors.This work aims to present some advances in the field of semiconductors synthesized by sol-gel and patterned by inkjet printing. Chemical routes are used to obtain suitable inks, based on salts of Ga, In, Zn, Cu and Sn and solvents as methoxyethanol. Inkjet printing provides thin layers 20-300nm thick, with morphology strongly depending on the materials. Different thermal treatments are tested, and some chemical and optical characterization of the obtained layers allows optimizing the technology for each material.The effectiveness of the inks and the technique is demonstrated by the electronic behavior of thin-film transistors fabricated by the proposed technology. The different devices are compared, suggesting the properties of the different materials analyzed, as a step ahead in the development of a complete logic for such promising applications of the flexible electronics.

Reliable and Cost-Effective Dispensing Technology for Large-Area Patterning

2007 ◽  
Vol 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Patrick A. Clark ◽  
Kenneth H. Church
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Smart Pump

AbstractIt is reported that the global market for flexible electronics will reach 250 billion dollars by 2025, driven by the products on a human scale (the so called “electronics for life”). These devices such as LCDs cannot be made smaller. However, this field is immature and significant research and development is being conducted for the synthesis, manufacture and characterization of these kinds of devices. The manufacturing process has been identified as the bottleneck of the advancement of these products. High throughput, reliable and yet cost effective technologies are greatly needed for the developing of affordable and functional devices. Researchers and engineers at nScrypt have developed enabling tools and processing solutions for patterning components on large areas with great accuracy and repeatability. In this paper, we will present innovative printing/dispensing solutions as well as novel pumping technologies (smart pump) for the manufacturing and packaging on large areas. In addition to the smart pump, we have a mixer head and spray attachment for the developing of new materials and covering large area.

Fabrication and characterization of piezoelectric nanogenerator based on Al/ZnO/Au structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubeen Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Awais ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Amir Razaq ◽  
Gul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

Purpose The purpose of this research work is to harvest energy using the piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanowires (NW). Fabrication and characterization of the piezoelectric nanogenerator (NG), based on Al/ZnO/Au structure without using hosting layer, were done to harvest energy. The proposed method has full potential to harvest the cost-effective energy. Design/methodology/approach ZnO NW were fabricated between the thin layers of Al- and Au-coated substrates for the development of piezoelectric NG. To grow ZnO NW, ZnO seed layer was prepared on the Al-coated substrate, and then ZnO NW were grown by aqueous chemical growth method. Finally, Au top electrode was used to conclude the Al/ZnO/Au NG structure. The Al and Au electrodes were used to establish the ohmic and Schottky contacts with ZnO NW, respectively. Findings Surface morphology of the fabricated device was done by using scanning electron microscopy, and electrical characterization of the sample was performed with digital oscilloscope, picoammeter and voltmeter. The energy harvesting experiment was performed to excite the presented device. The fabricated piezoelectric-sensitive device revealed the maximum open circuit voltage up to 5 V and maximum short circuit current up to 30 nA, with a maximum power of 150 nW. Consequently, it was also shown that the output of the fabricated device was increased by applying the stress. The presented work will help for the openings to capture the mechanical energy from the surroundings to power up the nano/micro-devices. This research work shows that NGs have the competency to build the self-powered nanosystems. It has potential applications in biosensing and personal electronics. Originality/value The fabrication of simple and cost-effective piezoelectric NG is done with a structure of Al/ZnO/Au without using hosting layer. The presented method elucidates an efficient and cost-effective approach to harvest the mechanical energy from the native environment.

Organic–inorganic hybrid thin films based in HfO2 nanoparticles as dielectric for flexible electronics

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 806-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ambrosio ◽  
O. Arciniega ◽  
A. Carrillo ◽  
M. Moreno ◽  
A. Heredia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid

In this work the synthesis and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid composite film based on hafnium oxide (HfO2) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with dielectric properties is presented. These films were prepared using the sol-gel process adjusting the chemical composition to tailor the material properties, such as the dielectric and the optical band gap. The HfO2 was obtained by the hydrolysis of hafnium chloride (HfCl4) under catalysis of ethanol and deionized water, later the PVP was subsequently added to complete the hydrolysis. Finally the films were dried at 150 °C. The structural characterization of the hybrid material showed a hafnium nanoparticle size around 100 nm into the polymer matrix. The chemical structure and the high purity of the hybrid material were corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, which showed the bounding of HfO2–PVP. The electrical characterization demonstrated that the nanostructured materials with hafnium nanoparticles improve the dielectric constant in the films with values around k = 18.5. The optical band gap, Eo, was obtained from 4 to 5.7 eV. These characteristics in our hybrid material are very promising for flexible electronics applications with the advantage of its low temperature, thermal stability, and low cost process of deposition.

Ultra high resolution, low temperature, direct metal patterning by selective laser processing of solution deposited metal nanoparticles

2010 ◽  
Vol 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung H. Ko ◽  
Dong Yeol Yang ◽  
Heng Pan ◽  
Jean M. Frechet ◽  
Yong Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Conductive Heat ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Deposited Metal

AbstractAll-printed electronics is the key technology to ultra-low-cost, large-area electronics. As a critical step in this direction, we demonstrate that femtosecond laser processing (sintering and ablation) of solution deposited metal nanoparticles enables direct metal patterning at low-temperature with ultra high resolution (∼300nm) to overcome the resolution limitation of the current inkjet direct writing processes.This could be explained by the combined effects of novel properties of metal nanoparticles such as melting temperature drop, strong absorption of the incident laser beam at surface plasmon mode, lower conductive heat transfer loss, and the relatively weak bonding between nanoparticles. Local thermal control of the laser sintering process could minimize the heat-affected zone and the thermal damage to the substrate and further enhance the resolution of the process. This local nanoparticle deposition and energy coupling enable an environmentally friendly and cost-effective process as well as a low-temperature manufacturing sequence to realize large-area, flexible electronics on polymer substrates.

scholarly journals Characterization of sol gel Zn1-xCaxO thin layers deposited on p-Si substrate by spin-coating method

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 110519
Author(s):  
Afif Fouzri ◽  
Nouf Ahmed Althumairi ◽  
Vincent Sallet ◽  
Alain Lusson
Keyword(s):  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Spin Coating Method ◽  
Coating Method

Structural Characterization of Erbium doped LAS Glass Ceramic Obtained by Glass Melting Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
R. Krsmanović ◽  
Giovanni Bertoni ◽  
Gustaaf Van Tendeloo
Keyword(s):  
Glass Melting ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Nucleating Agents ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Melting Technique

Samples of transparent glass-ceramics in the ternary system Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS), with Er2O3 as a luminescent dopant, are investigated. The initial glass is obtained by the classical melting technique. In order to induce ceramization of the glass, TiO2 and ZrO2 are added in small amount as nucleating agents. The thermal treatments at 730 and 770°C are carried out to promote formation of titanium zirconate solid solution precipitates. The spatial distribution of the precipitates in the material, their morphology, and their composition are investigated with TEM, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, EELS and EFTEM. The results demonstrate that with the glass-melting preparation technique it is possible to achieve small nanoparticles with uniform distribution and higher number density than with the sol-gel glass preparation.

Continuous-Flow Direct Writing of Hybrid TiO2 Flexible Photo-Electrodes: Processing, Microstructure and Functionality Interrelations

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Torres Arango ◽  
Domenic T. Cipollone ◽  
Lynnora O. Grant ◽  
Dimitris Korakakis ◽  
Konstantinos A. Sierros
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Organic Precursor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compositional Variations ◽  
Functional Components

ABSTRACTFlexible electronics manufacturing from functional inks is a versatile approach gaining interest from both industry and academia at an accelerated pace; towards its full development, research studies establishing connections between the inks processing conditions and final materials functionalities become necessary. In this work, we report on the relations between synthesis, continuous - flow direct writing parameters, and low energy intensity post-processing of functional TiO2 hybrid ink patterns. Such inks are printed on heat sensitive polymer substrates with typical application in dye solar cell photoelectrodes; nevertheless, their versatility spans a wide range of other applications from sensors to photocatalysts. For the ink formulation, we use an initial crystalline nanoparticle TiO2 phase that provides the main functionality of the printed films. We also add a Ti-precursor that, when post-treated, provides connecting paths for the initial phase thus forming continuous porous structures. We find that the ink’s formulation plays a pivotal role by providing the means for tuning its rheological properties (necessary for successful direct writing), the ink-substrate interactions, and the printed microstructures. We further discuss the implications of such compositional variations, introduced when adding polymeric agents, such as polyacrylic acid, on the crystallization of the Ti-organic precursor into TiO2 bridges between the nanoparticles. We finally report on the electrical properties of the printed TiO2 photoelectrodes as compared to conventionally fabricated counterparts. The design, continuous – flow direct writing, and the subsequent mild thermal-energy treatments of hybrid sol-gel based TiO2 inks may hold the key for large-scale and sustainable additive manufacturing of flexible functional components for a range of applications.

Surface acoustic wave characterization of optical sol-gel thin layers

Ultrasonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dame Fall ◽  
François Compoint ◽  
Marc Duquennoy ◽  
Hervé Piombini ◽  
Mohammadi Ouaftouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thin Layers

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of magnetite-based silica nanocomposite

2004 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Popovici ◽  
Cecilia Savii ◽  
Daniel Niznanský ◽  
Jan Subrt ◽  
Eva Vecernikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnetite Phase

Sol-gel method and successive thermal treatments in vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere were employed to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles isolate them with the aid of amorphous silica. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, M?ssbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry measurements were performed on the obtained nanocomposites. The effect of atmosphere on the formation of magnetite phase was remarkable.

Preparation and Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived PbTiO3 Thin Layers on GaAs

1990 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Schwartz ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
D. A. Payne ◽  
T. A. DeTemple ◽  
M. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Gel Processing ◽  
Limited Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Problems

ABSTRACTPbTiO3 thin layers were deposited onto GaAs by sol-gel processing. The GaAs substrates were encapsulated with Si3N4 or SiO2 to minimize diffusion problems. Gel layers were heat treated to 350°C for removal of organic species and for the densification of the amorphous gel structure. Rapid thermal processing at 600°C was used to crystallize PbTiO3 into the perovskite structure. SIMS analysis determined limited diffusion of Ga and As into PbTiO3. The fine grain microstructure contained domains.

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