Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Label for Immunoassay

2011 ◽  
Vol 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyabeba Abera ◽  
Jin-Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotube

ABSTRACTA recent approach in disease diagnosis and viral epidemics is aimed at point-of-care tests that could be administered near the patient rather than time-consuming processes involving centralized laboratories. Point-of-care devices provide rapid results in simple and low-cost manner requiring only small sample volumes. These devices will strongly benefit from advanced materials and fabrication methods to improve their efficiency and sensitivity. We report a functionalized carbon nanotube label for an immunosensor application. Carbon nanotube label was prepared by modifying the carbon nanotube surface to anchor biomolecules. First, the carboxylic acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were uniformly dispersed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by sonication in aqueous solution. PVP partially wraps around the carbon nanotubes and exposes the surface of the nanotubes for further functionalization. The MWCNTs were then conjugated with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) using EDC/Sulfo-NHS coupling chemistry, where the antibodies occupied sites not covered by PVP. The dispersion, surfactant modification, and antibody conjugation of the MWCNTs were also confirmed using SEM and TEM images. The successful functionalization of the MWCNTs and reactivity of the covalent attached antibodies were demonstrated for specific antigen binding on the microelectrode device. The carbon nanotube-based detection mechanism could be tailored for screening various analyte specific molecules. Furthermore, the reported technique could easily be integrated in various microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for the development of functional electronic sensors providing quantitative, sensitive, and low-cost detection in pointof- care setup.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Donggee Rho ◽  
Seunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Label Free ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cavity Structure

An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.

Liquid Metal Ink Enabled Rapid Prototyping of Electrochemical Sensor for Wireless Glucose Detection on the Platform of Mobile Phone

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liting Yi ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Cangran Guo ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Liquid Metal Ink

Pervasive detection of blood glucose is rather critical for the real-time disease diagnosis which would provide valuable guidance for treatment planning. Here, we established a health care platform for this purpose through incorporating the glucose detection with liquid metal printed sensor and the smart phone monitoring system together. The liquid metal ink composed of bismuth indium stannic (BIS) alloy was identified as an appropriate sensor material to be quickly written or printed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate at around 59 °C to form desired electrodes. It thus eliminated the complicated procedures as usually required in conventional sensor fabrication strategies. The alloy electrodes were characterized via cyclic voltammetry to demonstrate their practical functionality. Further, unlike using the commonly adopted glucometer, a smart phone was developed as the data acquisition and display center to help improve the portability and ubiquitous virtue of the detection system. Glucose solution in different concentrations was assayed via this platform. It was shown that there is a good linear relationship between the concentration and the integral value of the curve recorded by the mobile phone, which confirms the feasibility of the present method. This quantitative point-of-care system has pervasive feature and is expected to be very useful for future low-cost electrochemical detection.

scholarly journals An ultra-compact blackbody using electrophoretic deposited carbon nanotube films

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3453-3461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lin ◽  
Chien-Chih Yang ◽  
Parag Parashar ◽  
Chien-Yung Lin ◽  
Ding Rung Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Compact Dimension ◽  
Nanotube Films

Electrophoretic-deposited carbon nanotubes (EPD-CNTs) possess decent optical properties and low-cost processing and thus can be used as an ideal black body with compact dimension.

The Attachment of Carbon Nanotube on a Blunt AFM Tip Using Electric Fields

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Woo Lee ◽  
Soon Geun Kwon ◽  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Yoon Keun Kwak ◽  
Chang Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

We report a simple, low cost, reliable technique of making carbon nanotube (CNT) modified atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip. We used the dielectrophoresis and the electrophoresis to align and deposit carbon nanotubes on the end of the AFM tip. From the simulation and the various experiments, we obtained the optimal electric condition, 0.32Vpp/μm. Also, we found that the blunt shape of the tip’s apex is more effective than sharpened one. Through the experiments, we verified that the blunt shape is more effective over 50% than the sharpened one in the attachment of CNTs. By comparing the scanning results between the CNT modified tip and a normal AFM tip, we obtained the improvement in efficiency of 23%.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors for Antibody Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Daniel Wang ◽  
Derek Li ◽  
Chung Chiun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Point Of Care Systems ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

Detection of biomarkers has raised much interest recently due to the need for disease diagnosis and personalized medicine in future point-of-care systems. Among various biomarkers, antibodies are an important type of detection target due to their potential for indicating disease progression stage and the efficiency of therapeutic antibody drug treatment. In this review, electrochemical and optical detection of antibodies are discussed. Specifically, creating a non-label and reagent-free sensing platform and construction of an anti-fouling electrochemical surface for electrochemical detection are suggested. For optical transduction, a rapid and programmable platform for antibody detection using a DNA-based beacon is suggested as well as the use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switch for low cost antibody detection. These sensing strategies have demonstrated their potential for resolving current challenges in antibody detection such as high selectivity, low operation cost, simple detection procedures, rapid detection, and low-fouling detection. This review provides a general update for recent developments in antibody detection strategies and potential solutions for future clinical point-of-care systems.

scholarly journals Applications of CMOS Devices for the Diagnosis and Control of Infectious Diseases

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Saghi Forouhi ◽  
Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Symptom Screening

Emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), Ebola, influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in recent years have threatened the health and security of the global community as one of the greatest factors of mortality in the world. Accurate and immediate diagnosis of infectious agents and symptoms is a key to control the outbreak of these diseases. Rapid advances in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology offers great advantages like high accuracy, high throughput and rapid measurements in biomedical research and disease diagnosis. These features as well as low cost, low power and scalability of CMOS technology can pave the way for the development of powerful devices such as point-of-care (PoC) systems, lab-on-chip (LoC) platforms and symptom screening devices for accurate and timely diagnosis of infectious diseases. This paper is an overview of different CMOS-based devices such as optical, electrochemical, magnetic and mechanical sensors developed by researchers to mitigate the problems associated with these diseases.

scholarly journals Quantification of Microstructural Features in Carbon Nanotube/Nanodiamond Hybrids

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (S5) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
A. L. Horovistiz ◽  
A. J. S. Fernandes ◽  
R. F. Silva ◽  
F. M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing And Analysis ◽  
Measuring Techniques

The properties of nanostructured advanced materials such as carbon nanotubes and nanocrystalline diamond (CNT/NCD) hybrids are known to be closely linked to their morphology, therefore requiring reliable measuring techniques based on quantitative microscopy supported by digital image processing. The development of such techniques is strongly related to hardware evolution and software availability for digital image processing and analysis.

3D Printing of Microfluidics for Point of Care Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Sibbitt ◽  
Mei He
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Production Techniques

Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (MLOC) technology is a promising approach for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis; low reagent consumption, high sensitivity and quick analysis time are the most prominent benefits. However, microfabrication of MLOCs utilizes specialized techniques and infrastructure, making conventional fabrication time consuming and difficult. While relatively inexpensive production techniques exist for POC diagnoses, such as replication of polymer-based (e.g., PDMS) microfluidic POC devices on lithographic molds, this approach has limitations including: further hydrophilic surface modifications of PDMS, inability to change lithographic mold Z dimensions, and slow prototyping. In contrast, stereo-lithographical (SLA) printing can integrate all of the necessary fabrication resources in one instrument, allowing highly versatile microfluidic devices to be made at low cost. In this paper, we report two microfabrication approaches of microfluidics utilizing (SLA) 3D printing technology: I) Direct SLA printing of channels and structures of a monolithic microfluidic POC device; II) Indirect fabrication, utilizing SLA 3D printed molds for PDMS based microfluidic device replication. Additionally, we discuss previous work providing a proof of concept of applications in POC diagnosis, using direct 3D printing fabrication (approach I). The robustness and simplicity of these protocols allow integrating 3D design and microfabrication with smartphone-based disease diagnosis as a stand-alone system, offering strong adaptability for establishing diagnostic capacity in resource-limited areas and low-income countries.

scholarly journals Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5901
Author(s):  
Donggee Rho ◽  
Caitlyn Breaux ◽  
Seunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Optical Resonator ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Label Free Detection

The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.

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