scholarly journals Quantifying Micro-mechanical Properties of Soft Biological Tissues with Scanning Acoustic Microscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuegen Zhao ◽  
Steven Wilkinson ◽  
Riaz Akhtar ◽  
Michael J Sherratt ◽  
Rachel E B Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Phase Information ◽  
Soft Biological Tissues ◽  
Acoustic Lens

ABSTRACTIn this study we have established a new approach to more accurately map acoustic wave speed (which is a measure of stiffness) within soft biological tissues at micrometer length scales using scanning acoustic microscopy. By using thin (5 μm thick) histological sections of human skin and porcine cartilage, this method exploits the phase information preserved in the interference between acoustic waves reflected from the substrate surface as well as internal reflections from the acoustic lens. A stack of images were taken with the focus point of acoustic lens positioned at or above the substrate surface, and processed pixel by pixel using custom software developed with LABVIEW and IMAQ (National Instruments) to extract phase information. Scanning parameters, such as acoustic wave frequency and gate position were optimized to get reasonable phase and lateral resolution. The contribution from substrate inclination or uneven scanning surface was removed prior to further processing. The wave attenuation was also obtained from these images.

scholarly journals Mapping the Micromechanical Properties of Cryo-sectioned Aortic Tissue with Scanning Acoustic Microscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Akhtar ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt ◽  
Rachel E.B. Watson ◽  
Tribikram Kundu ◽  
Brian Derby
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Elastic Fibre ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Frequency Scanning ◽  
Adventitial Layer

ABSTRACTAlthough the gross mechanical properties of ageing tissues have been extensively documented, biological tissues are highly heterogeneous and little is known concerning the variation of micro-mechanical properties within tissues. Here, we use Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) to map the acoustic wave speed (a measure of stiffness) as a function of distance from the outer adventitial layer of cryo-sectioned ferret aorta. With a 400 MHz lens, the images of the aorta samples matched those obtained following chemical fixation and staining of sections which were viewed with fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative analysis was conducted with a frequency scanning or V(f) technique by imaging the tissue from 960 MHz to 1.1 GHz. Undulating acoustic wave speed (stiffness) distributions corresponded with elastic fibre locations in the tissue; there was a decrease in wave speed of around 40 ms-1 from the adventitia (outer layer) to the intima (innermost).

Propagation of surface acoustic waves in the models of soft biological tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Shorokhov ◽  
Vadim N. Voronkov ◽  
Alexander N. Klishko
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Soft Biological Tissues

Preliminary Design of a High-Frequency Phased-Array Acoustic Microscope Probe for Nondestructive Evaluation of Pressure Vessel and Piping Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Nyeon Kim ◽  
Richard L. Tutwiler ◽  
Judith A. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Acoustic Microscope ◽  
Acoustic Lens ◽  
Microscope Probe

In pressure vessel and pipe inspection, ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation plays a pivotal role in both in-situ and laboratory examinations. Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) has been a well-recognized laboratory tool for both visualization and quantitative evaluation of pressure vessel and piping materials at the microscale since its invention in 1974. While there have been multiple advances in SAM over the past four decades, some issues still remain to be addressed. First, the measurement speed is limited by the mechanical movement of the acoustic lens and the sample stage. Second, a single-element transducer with an acoustic lens forms a predetermined beam pattern for a fixed focal length and incident angle, thereby limiting control of the inspection beam. Here, we propose to develop a phased-array probe as an alternative to overcome these issues. Preliminary studies to design a practical high-frequency phased-array acoustic microscope probe were explored. A linear phased-array, comprising 32 elements and operating at 5 MHz, was modeled using PZFlex, a finite element method software. This phased-array system was characterized in terms of electrical input impedance response, pulse-echo and impulse response, surface displacement profiles, mode shapes, and beam profiles. Details of the construction of the model and the results are presented in this paper. Development of a phased-array acoustic microscope probe will significantly enhance scanning acoustic microscopy techniques for detecting surface and subsurface defects and microstructural changes in laboratory samples of pressure vessel and piping materials.

EXPERIENCE ON ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN ROCK SALT IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 1-100 kHz AND CONCLUSIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE FEASIBILITY OF A ROCK SALT DOME AS NEUTRINO DETECTOR

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERD MANTHEI ◽  
JÜRGEN EISENBLÄTTER ◽  
THOMAS SPIES
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation

Rock salt is a promising material for the detection of acoustic waves generated by interactions of high energy neutrinos. The economical feasibility of an acoustic neutrino detector strongly depends on the spacing between the acoustic sensors. In this paper we report on our experience on acoustic wave propagation and wave attenuation in rock salt in the frequency range of 1 to 100 kHz and some conclusions with respect to the usefulness of rock salt as a neutrino detector. The experience bases on long-term acoustic emission measurements in a salt mine.

Characterization of Stress at a Ceramic/Metal Joined Interface by the Vz Technique of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Miyasaka ◽  
Bernard R. Tittmann ◽  
Shun-Ichiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wave Velocities

It is well known that the process of heating and then cooling dissimilar materials introduces considerable stress at and near the interface. In this article, first, the surface wave velocity distributions obtained with the Vz curve technique were found to compare well with residual stress distribution measured by the finely collimated X-ray diffraction technique. Second, a delamination was introduced at the interface. The Vz curve technique was then used again to measure the surface acoustic wave velocity along the interface. The defective specimens showed significantly different patterns of surface acoustic wave velocities. Thus, this study presents useful guidelines in discriminating between sound and defective ceramic/metal joints by scanning acoustic microscopy.

Application of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy to Electric and Electronic Parts

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Miyasaka ◽  
B. R. Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Acoustic Microscope ◽  
Acoustic Lens ◽  
Electronic Parts ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

Abstract Ever since the invention of the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), a key objective has been the enhancement of the resolution in an interior image. Thus, an acoustic lens that can form an interior image with a shear wave has been designed. The use of this lens gives benefits such as an increase of lateral resolution in the interior image, a reduction in background noise caused by surface roughness, and a reduction of spherical aberration. Significantly, with the current trend towards microminiaturization of microelectronic packages, acoustic microscopy with higher resolution and removal of surface roughness can play an important role in diagnostic examinations and failure analysis. In this paper, applications for the lens in microelectronic IC packages will be summarized.

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