Heterogeneous integration of Polymer Porous Photonic Bandgap Structure with Xerogel based Biochemical Sensors

2011 ◽  
Vol 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huina Xu ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Ka Yi Yung ◽  
Frank V. Bright ◽  
Alexander N. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Holographic Interferometry ◽  
Photonic Bandgap ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Heterogeneous Integration ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Multifunctional Sensor

ABSTRACTWe report the heterogeneous integration of a multifunctional sensor based on polymer porous photonic bandgap (P3BG) structure and xerogel based luminescence sensor technology. The P3BG structure was fabricated using holographic interferometry. Initially, holographic interferometry of a photo-activated prepolymer syrup that included a volatile solvent as well as monomer, photoinitiator, and co-initiator was used to initiate photopolymerization. Subsequent UV curing resulted in well defined lamellae of the polymer separated by porous polymer regions that created a high quality photonic bandgap structure. The resulting P3BG structure was then integrated with the xerogel based luminescence element to produce a luminescence sensor with a selective narrow band reflector. The prototype xerogel based luminescence sensor element consisted of an O2 sensing material based on spin coated tetraethylorthosilane (TEOS) composite xerogel films containing tris (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) ([Ru(dpp)3]2+) luminophore. We demonstrated enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this integrated multifunctional sensor while maintaining the same sensitivity to O2 sensing of the xerogel based element. The resulting advantages and enhanced SNR of this integrated sensor will provide a template for other luminescence based assays to support highly sensitive and cost-effective sensor systems for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Frequency-diverse multimode millimetre-wave constant-ϵr lens-loaded cavity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. B. Abbasi ◽  
V. F. Fusco ◽  
O. Yurduseven ◽  
T. Fromenteze
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Frequency Diversity ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Dielectric Lens ◽  
Diversity Principle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multi Mode

AbstractThis paper presents a physical frequency-diverse multimode lens-loaded cavity, designed and used for the purpose of the direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in millimetre-wave frequency bands for 5G and beyond. The multi-mode mechanism is realized using an electrically-large cavity, generating spatio-temporally incoherent radiation masks leveraging the frequency-diversity principle. It has been shown for the first time that by placing a spherical constant dielectric lens (constant-ϵr) in front of the radiating aperture of the cavity, the spatial incoherence of the radiation modes can be enhanced. The lens-loaded cavity requires only a single lens and output port, making the hardware development much simpler and cost-effective compared to conventional DoA estimators where multiple antennas and receivers are classically required. Using the lens-loaded architecture, an increase of up to 6 dB is achieved in the peak gain of the synthesized quasi-random sampling bases from the frequency-diverse cavity. Despite the fact that the practical frequency-diverse cavity uses a limited subset of quasi-orthogonal modes below the upper bound limit of the number of theoretical modes, it is shown that the proposed lens-loaded cavity is capable of accurate DoA estimation. This is achieved thanks to the sufficient orthogonality of the leveraged modes and to the presence of the spherical constant-ϵr lens which increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal. Experimental results are shown to verify the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Thin Films for CMOS Compatible Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Clemens Mart ◽  
Malte Czernohorsky ◽  
Kati Kühnel ◽  
Wenke Weinreich
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Temperature Oscillation ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Ferroelectric Hysteresis

Pyroelectric infrared sensors are often based on lead-containing materials, which are harmful to the environment and subject to governmental restrictions. Ferroelectric Hf1−xZrxO2 thin films offer an environmentally friendly alternative. Additionally, CMOS integration allows for integrated sensor circuits, enabling scalable and cost-effective applications. In this work, we demonstrate the deposition of pyroelectric thin films on area-enhanced structured substrates via thermal atomic layer deposition. Scanning electron microscopy indicates a conformal deposition of the pyroelectric film in the holes with a diameter of 500 nm and a depth of 8 μm. By using TiN electrodes and photolithography, capacitor structures are formed, which are contacted via the electrically conductive substrate. Ferroelectric hysteresis measurements indicate a sizable remanent polarization of up to 331 μC cm−2, which corresponds to an area increase of up to 15 by the nanostructured substrate. For pyroelectric analysis, a sinusoidal temperature oscillation is applied to the sample. Simultaneously, the pyroelectric current is monitored. By assessing the phase of the measured current profile, the pyroelectric origin of the signal is confirmed. The devices show sizable pyroelectric coefficients of −475 μC m−2 K−1, which is larger than that of lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Based on the experimental evidence, we propose Hf1−xZrxO2 as a promising material for future pyroelectric applications.

Cost-effective synthesis and solution processing of porous polymer networks through methanesulfonic acid-mediated aldol triple condensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Hao Guo ◽  
Chenxu Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Sai Che ◽  
Hong-Cai Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Solution Processing ◽  
Condensation Method ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Scalable Synthesis

A highly efficient aldol triple condensation method was developed for scalable synthesis and solution processing of conjugated porous polymer networks.

Simple fabrication of a three-dimensional porous polymer film as a diffuser for organic light emitting diodes

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 14446-14452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Wan Lim ◽  
Min Chul Suh
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Film ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Ultrasonic Humidifier

We have investigated a simple and cost-effective fabrication method for a porous polymer film employing the spin-coating process during continuous supply of water droplets by an ultrasonic humidifier.

scholarly journals High-speed high-resolution laser diode-based photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo microvasculature imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Li ◽  
Victor T C Tsang ◽  
Lei Kang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Terence T W Wong
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽  
Mouse Ear

AbstractLaser diodes (LDs) have been considered as cost-effective and compact excitation sources to overcome the requirement of costly and bulky pulsed laser sources that are commonly used in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). However, the spatial resolution and/or imaging speed of previously reported LD-based PAM systems have not been optimized simultaneously. In this paper, we developed a high-speed and high-resolution LD-based PAM system using a continuous wave LD, operating at a pulsed mode, with a repetition rate of 30 kHz, as an excitation source. A hybrid scanning mechanism that synchronizes a one-dimensional galvanometer mirror and a two-dimensional motorized stage is applied to achieve a fast imaging capability without signal averaging due to the high signal-to-noise ratio. By optimizing the optical system, a high lateral resolution of 4.8 μm has been achieved. In vivo microvasculature imaging of a mouse ear has been demonstrated to show the high performance of our LD-based PAM system.

Study on Quick Testing Instrument for Automobile Fuel Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Bai Xue Fu ◽  
Sheng Hai Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
Total Consumption

Sensor technology and computer control technology are applied to automobile fuel consumption testing in the automobile industry developed countries, the function and precision of the test are developing and perfecting continually. In our country, automobile fuel consumption test mainly applies ordinary consumption test devices, that test item are single-chip, which is applied for testing the flow of time. The display of method mainly based on the pointer instrument and partially on circuit control, so the maintenance and reliability of the test does not excellent. We do research and develop the intelligent one which is called quick testing instrument for automobile fuel consumption, which applies sensor technology, computer control technology and advanced instrument technology, that can be applied for the testing for automobile fuel consumption and data show. It can improve the measurement precision of automobile fuel consumption and degree of automation, with the down cost as high cost-effective consequences. The test instrument can be used for testing instantaneous fuel consumption, average fuel consumption and accumulative total consumption of gasoline engine and diesel engine.

scholarly journals Simulated retrievals for the remote sensing of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O from geostationary orbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4817-4830 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xi ◽  
V. Natraj ◽  
R. L. Shia ◽  
M. Luo ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Abstract. The Geostationary Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GeoFTS) is designed to measure high-resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in three near-infrared bands centered around 0.76, 1.6, and 2.3 μm and to deliver simultaneous retrievals of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O (denoted XCO2, XCH4, XCO, and XH2O, respectively) at different times of day over North America. In this study, we perform radiative transfer simulations over both clear-sky and all-sky scenes expected to be observed by GeoFTS and estimate the prospective performance of retrievals based on results from Bayesian error analysis and characterization. We find that, for simulated clear-sky retrievals, the average retrieval biases and single-measurement precisions are < 0.2 % for XCO2, XCH4, and XH2O, and < 2 % for XCO, when the a priori values have a bias of 3 % and an uncertainty of 3 %. In addition, an increase in the amount of aerosols and ice clouds leads to a notable increase in the retrieval biases and slight worsening of the retrieval precisions. Furthermore, retrieval precision is a strong function of signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. This simulation study can help guide decisions on the design of the GeoFTS observing system, which can result in cost-effective measurement strategies while achieving satisfactory levels of retrieval precisions and biases. The simultaneous retrievals at different times of day will be important for more accurate estimation of carbon sources and sinks on fine spatiotemporal scales and for studies related to the atmospheric component of the water cycle.

scholarly journals Fabric Vest Socket with Embroidered Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prosthesis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seulah Lee ◽  
Babar Jamil ◽  
Sunhong Kim ◽  
Youngjin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrode Impedance ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Myoelectric Prostheses ◽  
Average Classification Accuracy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Semg Signals

Myoelectric prostheses assist users to live their daily lives. However, the majority of users are primarily confined to forearm amputees because the surface electromyography (sEMG) that understands the motion intents should be acquired from a residual limb for control of the myoelectric prosthesis. This study proposes a novel fabric vest socket that includes embroidered electrodes suitable for a high-level upper amputee, especially for shoulder disarticulation. The fabric vest socket consists of rigid support and a fabric vest with embroidered electrodes. Several experiments were conducted to verify the practicality of the developed vest socket with embroidered electrodes. The sEMG signals were measured using commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes for a comparison to verify the performance of the embroidered electrodes in terms of signal amplitudes, the skin-electrode impedance, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These results showed that the embroidered electrodes were as effective as the commercial electrodes. Then, posture classification was carried out by able-bodied subjects for the usability of the developed vest socket. The average classification accuracy for each subject reached 97.92%, and for all the subjects it was 93.2%. In other words, the fabric vest socket with the embroidered electrodes could measure sEMG signals with high accuracy. Therefore, it is expected that it can be readily worn by high-level amputees to control their myoelectric prostheses, as well as it is cost effective for fabrication as compared with the traditional socket.

scholarly journals Curvelet Transform based Denoising of Multispectral Remote Sensing Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
P. Lokeshwara Reddy ◽  
Santosh Pawar ◽  
S.L. Prathapa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Curvelet Transform ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Multispectral Image ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Unequally Spaced ◽  
Multispectral Remote Sensing

Abstract With the advent of sensor technology, the exertion of multispectral image (MSI) is comely omnipresent. Denoising is an essential quest in multispectral image processing which further improves recital of unmixing, classification and supplementary ensuing praxis. Explication and ocular analysis are essential to extricate data from remote sensing images for broad realm of supplications. This paper describes curvelet transform based denoising of multispectral remote sensing images. The implementation of curvelet transform is done by using both wrapping function and unequally spaced fast Fourier transform (USFFT) and they diverge in selection of spatial grid which is used to construe curvelets at every orientation and scale. The coefficients of curvelets are docket by a scaling factor, angle and spatial location criterion. This paper crisps on denoising of Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS) III images. The proposed denoising approach has also been collated with some existing schemes for assessment. The efficacy of proposed approach is analyzed with calculation of facet matrices such as Peak signal to noise ratio and Structural similarity at distinct variance of noise..

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