Investigation of Amorphous IGZO TFT Employing Ti/Cu Source/Drain and SiNx Passivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Wook Lee ◽  
Sung-Hwan Choi ◽  
Jeong-Soo Lee ◽  
Jang-Yeon Kwon ◽  
Min-Koo Han
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Negative Shift ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Line Resistance ◽  
Good Transfer ◽  
Igzo Tft ◽  
Oxide Tfts

ABSTRACTWe successfully fabricated a-IGZO TFTs employing a Ti/Cu source/drain (S/D) and SiNx passivation in order to reduce the line-resistance, as compared to most oxide TFTs that use Mo (or TCO) and SiO2 for their S/D and passivation, respectively. Although passivated with SiNx, the TFT exhibits good transfer characteristics without a negative shift. However, the TFT employing a Mo S/D exhibited conductor-like characteristics when passivated with SiNx. Our investigation suggests that the IGZO oxygen vacancies found in the Ti/Cu S/D are controlled, resulting in low concentrations, and so prevent the SiNx-passivated TFT from having a negative shift.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Properties of InGaZnOx Thin Film Transistors by Adjusting the Adsorbed Degree of Cs+ Ions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Yaogong Wang ◽  
Ruozheng Wang ◽  
Xiaoning Zhang ◽  
Chunliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Bias Stress ◽  
Cs Ions ◽  
Transfer Properties ◽  
Igzo Tft

To improve the performance of amorphous InGaZnOx (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs), in this thesis, Cs+ ions adsorbed IGZO (Cs-IGZO) films were prepared through a solution immersion method at low temperature. Under the modification of surface structure and oxygen vacancies concentrations of a-IGZO film, with the effective introduction of Cs+ ions into the surface of a-IGZO films, the transfer properties and stability of a-IGZO TFTs are greatly improved. Different parameters of Cs+ ion concentrations were investigated in our work. When the Cs+ ions concentration reached 2% mol/L, the optimized performance Cs-IGZO TFT was obtained, showing the carrier mobility of 18.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, the OFF current of 0.8 × 10−10 A, and the threshold voltage of 0.2 V, accompanied by the threshold voltage shifts of 1.3 V under positive bias stress for 5000 s.

scholarly journals Kinetic Monte Carlo Investigation of the Effects of Vacancy Pairing on Oxygen Diffusivity in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia

2011 ◽  
Vol 1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Good
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Kinetic Monte Carlo ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxygen Diffusivity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Migration Barriers ◽  
Monte Carlo Investigation

ABSTRACTYttria-stabilized zirconia’s high oxygen diffusivity and corresponding high ionic conductivity, and its structural stability over a broad range of temperatures, have made the material of interest for use in a number of applications, for example, as solid electrolytes in fuel cells. At low concentrations, the stabilizing yttria also serves to increase the oxygen diffusivity through the presence of corresponding oxygen vacancies, needed to maintain charge neutrality. At higher yttria concentration, however, diffusivity is impeded by the larger number of relatively high energy migration barriers associated with yttrium cations. In addition, there is evidence that oxygen vacancies preferentially occupy nearest-neighbor sites around either dopant or Zr cations, further affecting vacancy diffusion. We present the results of ab initio calculations that indicate that it is energetically favorable for oxygen vacancies to occupy nearest-neighbor sites adjacent to Y ions, and that the presence of vacancies near either species of cation lowers the migration barriers. Kinetic Monte Carlo results from simulations incorporating this effect are presented and compared with results from simulations in which the effect is not present.

Effect of Ti∕Cu Source∕Drain on an Amorphous IGZO TFT Employing SiNx Passivation for Low Data-Line Resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. H126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Wook Lee ◽  
Sun-Jae Kim ◽  
Soo-Yeon Lee ◽  
Woo-Geun Lee ◽  
Kap-Soo Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Line ◽  
Line Resistance ◽  
Igzo Tft

scholarly journals Forced convection heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3 nanofluids in a minichannel - an experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2116 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
D Roque ◽  
W Ajeeb ◽  
S M S Murshed ◽  
J M C Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Uncertainty Range ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Flow

Abstract In this study, an experimental investigation on the convective heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3 nanofluids flowing through an horizontal minichannel under the laminar and turbulent flow and constant heat flux conditions is performed. Several sample nanofluids were prepared using two base fluids (water and the mixture 80/20 DW/EG vol.%) and several low concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 vol%. An existing experimental setup was modified for this study. The measurements were taken for the base fluid and nanofluids at each flow and heating conditions. The results are analyzed in terms of Nu and friction factor (f) in comparison with those of the base fluid. The results demonstrate that the used low concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles are not enough to yield any noticeable enhancement in heat transfer of the nanofluid samples. The deviations between the results of the nanofluids and the base fluid are small and within the uncertainty range of the experimental setup.

Microtubule nucleation sequence studied by time-resolved x-ray scattering and electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Eckhard Mandelkow ◽  
Joan Bordas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Ray Patterns ◽  
Ray Scattering

When a solution of microtubule protein is changed from non-polymerising to polymerising conditions (e.g. by temperature jump or mixing with GTP) there is a series of structural transitions preceding microtubule growth. These have been detected by time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and they may be classified into pre-nucleation and nucleation events. X-ray patterns are good indicators for the average behavior of the particles in solution, but they are difficult to interpret unless additional information on their structure is available. We therefore studied the assembly process by electron microscopy under conditions approaching those of the X-ray experiment. There are two difficulties in the EM approach: One is that the particles important for assembly are usually small and not very regular and therefore tend to be overlooked. Secondly EM specimens require low concentrations which favor disassembly of the particles one wants to observe since there is a dynamic equilibrium between polymers and subunits.

The CM120 Biotwin: a high-contrast objective lens, optimum cryo-vacuum and improved EDX performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
Uwe Lücken ◽  
Michael Felsmann ◽  
Wim M. Busing ◽  
Frank de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Similar Image ◽  
High Contrast Imaging ◽  
Low Concentrations

A new microscope for the study of life science specimen has been developed. Special attention has been given to the problems of unstained samples, cryo-specimens and x-ray analysis at low concentrations.A new objective lens with a Cs of 6.2 mm and a focal length of 5.9 mm for high-contrast imaging has been developed. The contrast of a TWIN lens (f = 2.8 mm, Cs = 2 mm) and the BioTWTN are compared at the level of mean and SD of slow scan CCD images. Figure 1a shows 500 +/- 150 and Fig. 1b only 500 +/- 40 counts/pixel. The contrast-forming mechanism for amplitude contrast is dependent on the wavelength, the objective aperture and the focal length. For similar image conditions (same voltage, same objective aperture) the BioTWIN shows more than double the contrast of the TWIN lens. For phasecontrast specimens (like thin frozen-hydrated films) the contrast at Scherzer focus is approximately proportional to the √ Cs.

Immunogold labeling of CMP-KDO synthetase produced by recombinant E. Coli cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 924-925
Author(s):  
F. A. Durum ◽  
R. G. Goldman ◽  
T. J. Bolling ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations

CMP-KDO synthetase (CKS) is an enzyme which plays a key role in the synthesis of LPS, an outer membrane component unique to gram negative bacteria. CKS activates KDO to CMP-KDO for incorporation into LPS. The enzyme is normally present in low concentrations (0.02% of total cell protein) which makes it difficult to perform large scale isolation and purification. Recently, the gene for CKS from E. coli was cloned and various recombinant DNA constructs overproducing CKS several thousandfold (unpublished data) were derived. Interestingly, no cytoplasmic inclusions of overproduced CKS were observed by EM (Fig. 1) which is in contrast to other reports of large proteinaceous inclusion bodies in various overproducing recombinant strains. The present immunocytochemical study was undertaken to localize CKS in these cells.Immune labeling conditions were first optimized using a previously described cell-free test system. Briefly, this involves soaking small blocks of polymerized bovine serum albumin in purified CKS antigen and subjecting them to various fixation, embedding and immunochemical conditions.

Phase behavior of cationic and anionic surfactants at low concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
E. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants ◽  
General Method

Equilibrium vesicles, those which are the stable form of aggregation and form spontaneously on mixing surfactant with water, have never been demonstrated in single component bilayers and only rarely in lipid or surfactant mixtures. Designing a simple and general method for producing spontaneous and stable vesicles depends on a better understanding of the thermodynamics of aggregation, the interplay of intermolecular forces in surfactants, and an efficient way of doing structural characterization in dynamic systems.

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