The Development of Polymeric Devices as Dielectrophoretic Separators and Concentrators

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake A. Simmons ◽  
Gregory J. McGraw ◽  
Rafael V. Davalos ◽  
Gregory J. Fiechtner ◽  
Yolanda Fintschenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
Analytical Functions ◽  
Particle Sorting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
Recent Activity ◽  
Biological Organisms

AbstractEfficient and reliable particle separators and concentrators are needed to support a wide range of analytical functions including pathogen detection, sample preparation, high-throughput particle sorting, and biomedical diagnostics. The advent of lab-on-a-chip devices based on the phenomenon of dielectrophoresis offers advantages that can meet several of the challenges associated with cell sorting and detection. The majority of the devices presented in the scientific literature have used glass-based devices for these applications, but there has been recent activity that indicates that polymer-based devices can operate as effectively as their glass progenitors. Processing and operational advantages motivate the transition from glass and silicon to polymer microdevices: mechanical robustness, economy of scale, ease of thermoforming and mass manufacturing, and the availability of numerous innate chemical polymer compositions for tailoring performance. We present here a summary of the developments toward, and results obtained from, these polymeric dielectrophoretic devices in the selective trapping, concentration, and gated release of a range of biological organisms and particles.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Performance Characterization of a Twin Scroll Volute for Turbocharging Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cravero ◽  
Mario La Rocca ◽  
Andrea Ottonello
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Automatic Design ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Partial Admission

The use of twin scroll volutes in radial turbine for turbocharging applications has several advantages over single passage volute related to the engine matching and to the overall compactness. Twin scroll volutes are of increasing interest in power unit development but the open scientific literature on their performance and modelling is still quite limited. In the present work the performance of a twin scroll volute for a turbocharger radial turbine are investigated in some detail in a wide range of operating conditions at both full and partial admission. A CFD model for the volute have been developed and preliminary validated against experimental data available for the radial turbine. Then the numerical model has been used to generate the database of solutions that have been investigated and used to extract the performance. Different parameters and indices are introduced to describe the volute aerodynamic performance in the wide range of operating conditions chosen. The above parameters can be used for volute development or matching with a given rotor or efficiently implemented in automatic design optimization strategies.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to the diagnostics and potentials of endoscopic treatment of esophageal stenoses in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
A. O. Merkulova ◽  
A. Yu. Kharitonova ◽  
O. V. Karaseva ◽  
A. A. Shavrov
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Esophageal Lumen ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. Esophageal stenosis in childhood is quite a common disease characterized by different etiology, specific clinical picture, wide range of differential diseases and a variety of approaches to its treatment.Material and methods. The review analyzes scientific literature presented in such search engines as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLibrary, 20 years deep. The most significant works of the last century were included too. Keywords were used for search.Results. There were selected 60 literary sources which included the description of modern concepts of etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnostic and curative techniques for the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children. A particular attention is paid to the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive endoscopic interventions (bougienage, balloon dilation) as well as to the topical application of Mitomycin C in the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children.Conclusion. Innovative endoscopic technologies applied for the restoration of the esophageal lumen seem to be promising, effective and safe. In the overwhelming majority of cases, they allow to reduce surgical aggression and avoid complex reconstructive surgeries.

A numbering-up strategy of hydrodynamic microfluidic filters for continuous-flow high-throughput cell sorting

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1828-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoken Ozawa ◽  
Hideki Iwadate ◽  
Hajime Toyoda ◽  
Masumi Yamada ◽  
Minoru Seki
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Particle Sorting

A numbering-up strategy of hydrodynamic filters was presented to dramatically increase the throughput of cell/particle sorting up to ∼15 mL min−1.

Potential use of IL-7 and IL-15 for ex vivo generation of LAK.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15201-e15201
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Filippova ◽  
Oleg I. Kit ◽  
Anastasia O. Sitkovskaya ◽  
Elena Yu. Zlatnik ◽  
Inna A. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Magnetic Cell Sorting ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Control Samples

e15201 Background: A review of scientific literature has shown that IL-2 is most often used for the LAK generation, while the potential of other NK-stimulating interleukin cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-7 and IL-15 on ex vivo LAC generation. Methods: A fraction enriched in NK cells was isolated by magnetic cell sorting with the NK Cell Isolation Kit (#130-092-657, Miltenyi Biotec, Germany) from PBMC in 11 patients with stage II-III breast cancer without treatment. Cells were introduced into a 6-well 3x105 plate in RPMI medium (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco, USA). Cytokines 40 ng/ml were added to the wells in 6 variants: 1) IL-15; 2) IL-2; 3) IL-7; 4) IL-15+IL-7; 5) IL-15+IL-7+IL-2; 6) control without cytokines. Cells were cultured at 5.0% CO2 and 37°C. Cells were counted with a hemocytometer daily for 5 days and on days 8, 9 and 10 of cultivation. Results: The number of NK cells in control samples gradually decreased: by 2 times on day 5 and by 3 times on day 10. On day 5, the number of NK cells was 1.5 times higher than in the control when cultured with IL-2, and 1.4 times higher when cultured with IL-7+IL-15. After 9 days, a statistically significant increase in the number of cells, compared to the control sample, was observed with the addition of IL-2 (1.6 times); IL-15 and IL-7+IL-15 (1.5 times). On day 10, significant differences from the control were found in most samples: the number of cells was higher in samples cultured with IL-2 and IL-7+IL-15 (1.9 times) and with IL-15 and IL-2+IL-7+IL-15 (1.7 times). IL-7 alone led to a gradual decrease in the number of cells, and on days 8, 9 and 10 it was lower than in the control samples. Conclusions: In general, the introduction of cytokines into the samples enriched with NK cells contributed to the preservation of this subpopulation on days 5-10 of cultivation. However, the use of IL-7 and IL-15, both alone and in combination, did not lead to a significant increase in LAK compared to the use of IL-2.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Sustainability: Systematic Review 1990–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Alfredo Salas-Zapata ◽  
Leonardo Alberto Ríos-Osorio ◽  
Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract For any transition towards sustainability to be successful, it is necessary to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) – related to sustainability – in different populations. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyse KAP studies on sustainability that were reported in the scientific literature during the period of 1990–2016. Ten studies were found, of which half were conducted among populations in educational environments, i.e., teachers, students and graduates. The KAP results vary among the studies; however, there is a general tendency to investigate aspects related to ecosystems, natural resources, environmental protection and conservation. The present study concludes that it is necessary to conduct KAP studies that include categories that reflect on the wide range of meanings of sustainability and the attitudes and practices that would arise from such perspectives. This finding also reveals dimensions of sustainability usually omitted by KAP studies of sustainability.

scholarly journals Ga-Based Alloys in Microelectronic Interconnects: A Review

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqian Liu ◽  
Keith Sweatman ◽  
Stuart McDonald ◽  
Kazuhiro Nogita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Electronic Circuitry ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
High Melting Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Low Temperature Bonding ◽  
Significant Attention

Gallium (Ga) and some of its alloys have a range of properties that make them an attractive option for microelectronic interconnects, including low melting point, non-toxicity, and the ability to wet without fluxing most materials—including oxides—found in microelectronics. Some of these properties result from their ability to form stable high melting temperature solid solutions and intermetallic compounds with other metals, such as copper, nickel, and aluminium. Ga and Ga-based alloys have already received significant attention in the scientific literature given their potential for use in the liquid state. Their potential for enabling the miniaturisation and deformability of microelectronic devices has also been demonstrated. The low process temperatures, made possible by their low melting points, produce significant energy savings. However, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before their potential can be fully realised. Characterising Ga and Ga-based alloys, and their reactions with materials commonly used in the microelectronic industry, are thus a priority for the electronics industry. This review provides a summary of research related to the applications and characterisation of Ga-based alloys. If the potential of Ga-based alloys for low temperature bonding in microelectronics manufacturing is to be realised, more work needs to be done on their interactions with the wide range of substrate materials now being used in electronic circuitry.

scholarly journals Web-Based Intervention for Developing Long-Term Health Literacy of Individuals: Possibilities and Limitations

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Aira Aija Krūmiņa ◽  
Jelena Ļubenko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Online Programs ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Web-based interventions (WBI) are purposefully developed online programs designed for wide range of users (clients, patients, health care specialists, as well as medical practitioners) which allow obtaining and using information on various issues related to health maintenance and improvement. On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, the article provides an overview of WBI types and components, as well as a structural model of WBI and its user in the context of environment factors. The possibilities of using WBI for developing long-term health literacy of individuals are specified. By summarising the main advantages and limitations of using WBI, the possible suggestions for the WBI use and development are offered.

scholarly journals Allele Frequency Analysis Suggests Potentially Protective Effect in the Lithuanian Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Zukauskaite ◽  
Ingrida Domarkiene ◽  
Tautvydas Rancelis ◽  
Ingrida Kavaliauskiene ◽  
Karolis Baronas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
European Populations

Abstract Background. In the scientific literature, a wide range of effect variants that protect against complex disease phenotypes has been identified. Analysis of these variants and overall genetic structure of isolated or, in our case, small populations is important in association analysis. When analysing admixture populations during GWAS, one could expect inaccuracies, which could be eliminated by choosing distinct populations as one of the interests of study. Population genetic structure determines similarities and differences between individuals or different groups of individuals and the factors that may lead to those differences. Results. In our study, we identified six missense effect variants in the Lithuanian population having frequencies that were significantly different compared to other European populations. Three of these effect variants may potentially protect against type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.Conclusions. Even though high rates of these diseases in the Lithuanian population and other populations indicates the presence of environmental factors and the lack of knowledge about the interactions between regulatory regions and other effect variants. Identification of these effect variants is important not only to provide a better understanding of the microevolutionary processes and etiopathogenetic mechanisms, but also to develop disease prevention programs and novel, personalised therapies using genome editing or other genetic tools.

scholarly journals Holistic assessment of large old trees: a framework and its application for Romania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Arghius ◽  
Cristian Malos ◽  
Vlad Macicasan ◽  
Tibor Hartel
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Internet News ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
North Western

AbstractLarge old trees are keystone ecological structures and have exceptional sociocultural values. Still, holistic approaches to national assessments of large old trees are scarse in the scientific literature. Here we propose and apply a holistic framework to understand the distribution of large old trees, the formal regulations targeting the conservation of large old trees and the ways large old trees are present in the popular news in Romania. There were 4032 large old tree records in Romania most of the records being concentrated in the Central and North-Western part of Romania. The number of tree records decreases with the decreasing terrain accessibility. Almost 50% of the large old tree records are in areas not covered by nature conservation regulations and 2/3 of the terrestrial protected areas have no open access large old tree records, so far. We identified five formal regulations which could be relevant for large old tree conservation in Romania, however, only two of these explicitly targets large old trees. The lack of knowledge and interest, the lack of expertize, institutional capacity, vested interests (corruption) and inconsistencies within the regulations are the major barriers in the formal protection of large old trees. We also identified several opportunities for the local initiatives to protect large old trees, based on the current legislative frameworks. We identified 259 internet news targeting large old trees in Romania which reveals a wide range of values and concerns associated to large old trees at the level of the local communities. While discussing our results we highlight the benefits of a wider adoption of our approach for science, decision making and local initiatives to save large old trees.

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