scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Materials Science: An Active New Frontier in Materials Research

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Elliott ◽  
Bruno Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Materials ◽  
Apply Physical ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractThe discipline of materials science has most commonly been associated with the study of structural or functional materials for engineering applications, such as metals, ceramics, and composites, but there are now, increasingly, great opportunities involving applications to soft matter, including polymers, powders, and biomaterials. The emerging discipline of pharmaceutical materials science attempts to apply physical principles common in materials science to challenges in such areas as drug delivery, control of drug form, manufacture and processing of nanoscopic and microscopic particle systems, and the structure and properties of bulk powders and their assemblies (e.g., tablets) for use in pharmaceutical applications. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we have attempted to capture a snapshot of this rapidly developing new area of materials research, in order to bring it to the attention of the wider materials science community.

Toward designing new sensoaesthetic materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Miodownik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Arts Community

In ancient societies, there was no arts/science split. The development of materials was driven both by aesthetic and technological goals. At the end of the 19th century, things changed dramatically. Scientists started being able to analyze composition, detect structure, and make a link between structure and properties. The subsequent 20th-century revolution in new materials changed almost all aspects of human activity. However, it was not without serious side-effects, the first of which has been that the materials science community has willingly marginalized itself. The second is the eradication of interest in the sensual and aesthetic properties of materials, and thus the banishment of the creative urges that arrive via the senses. This paper discusses these issues, and suggests that collaboration with the materials arts community offers exciting new challenges and could create an intellectual community that is not just more culturally and ethically aware, but also nurtures more innovative science.

Nanofunctional Materials in Cancer Research: Challenges, Novel Methods, and Emerging Applications

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Nagahara ◽  
Mauro Ferrari ◽  
Piotr Grodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Radiation Treatments

AbstractDespite recent progress in the treatment of cancer, far too many cases are still diagnosed only after tumors have metastasized. As a result, patients with cancer face a grim prognosis and often need to endure toxic and uncomfortable whole-body chemotherapy and/or other radiation treatments with the hope that their cancers will be eliminated. If the disease can be detected early enough, statistics have shown that the burden of cancer is drastically reduced. Nanotechnology applied to cancer, by way of nanofunctional materials, is in a unique position to significantly transform the way the disease is diagnosed, imaged, and treated and is the focus of this issue of MRS Bulletin. Materials research in nanotechnology is already successfully implemented in several applications. For instance, photocatalysis using TiO2 nanoparticles is becoming the dominant method for the “self-cleaning” of material surfaces such as glass, ceramics, and fabrics. The nanomaterial carbon nanotubes is a promising candidate in sensor technology and field-emission technology. Our goal is to illustrate the promising new methods being developed in the research community and the challenges that need to be overcome in order to reach clinical utility. More importantly, we hope this issue helps educate and invoke the materials science community to tackle some of the hard issues in diagnosing and treating this disease.

scholarly journals Applications of Materials Science and Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry; a Short Review and the Current State in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Umunakwe ◽  
Ifeoma Janefrances Umunakwe ◽  
Akinlabi Oyetunji
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Pharmaceutical Materials

This paper briefly reviews the applications of materials science and engineering in the pharmaceutical industry. The materials characterization techniques highlighted in the paper as being utilized in the pharmaceutical industry are dynamic light scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy, mercury intrusion, gas density pycnometry and energy density analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman microscopy. The other areas of applications of materials science and engineering in the pharmaceutical industry briefly discussed are materials processing, materials research and development, and materials selection. This paper further highlighted that the program as it is currently offered by various institutions in Nigeria is yet to incorporate the courses in pharmaceutical materials. It concluded by pointing out that some institutions outside Nigeria have incorporated pharmaceutical materials in the programs of materials science and engineering. Suggestions were made for the materials science and engineering programs in Nigeria to build further capacity for effective applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords— Applications, materials engineering, pharmaceutical industry

scholarly journals New Frontiers in the Application of Neutron Scattering to Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 903-906
Author(s):  
Dieter Richter ◽  
J. Michael Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neutron Reflectivity ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Under Construction

AbstractThis brief article describes the content of the December 2003 issue of MRS Bulletin on New Frontiers in the Application of Neutron Scattering to Materials Science. New techniques, new instrumentation, and new sources are providing exciting opportunities for the use of neutron scattering in materials research at a time when the pace of research and development is accelerating while the complexity of the issues governing materials use is increasing. At a time such as this, it is critical to use the best tool for the job, and neutron scattering is evolving into a tool that can be used with many others, rather than a technique only for the specialist. It is also providing unprecedented resolution in energy to allow the study of the slow dynamics characteristic of many problems in soft matter and to probe surfaces and interfaces in a unique way. In this issue, we have chosen three areas to emphasize these trends: neutron reflectivity as a probe of surfaces and interfaces, the use of neutrons to study complex fluids, and high-resolution neutron scattering studies of dynamics. We also give a view of the future of neutron sources, with an article outlining the opportunities to be provided by sources proposed or under construction in Europe, Japan, and the United States. It is our hope that this sampling of new opportunities in neutron scattering will encourage wider use of these techniques to help solve the challenging materials research problems of today and tomorrow.

scholarly journals The evolution of Materials Acceleration Platforms: toward the laboratory of the future with AMANDA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrit Wagner ◽  
Christian G. Berger ◽  
Xiaoyan Du ◽  
Tobias Stubhan ◽  
Jens A. Hauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Material Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
General Material ◽  
Number Of Publications

AbstractThe development of complex functional materials poses a multi-objective optimization problem in a large multi-dimensional parameter space. Solving it requires reproducible, user-independent laboratory work and intelligent preselection of experiments. However, experimental materials science is a field where manual routines are still predominant, although other domains like pharmacy or chemistry have long used robotics and automation. As the number of publications on Materials Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) increases steadily, we review selected systems and fit them into the stages of a general material development process to examine the evolution of MAPs. Subsequently, we present our approach to laboratory automation in materials science. We introduce AMANDA (Autonomous Materials and Device Application Platform - www.amanda-platform.com), a generic platform for distributed materials research comprising a self-developed software backbone and several MAPs. One of them, LineOne (L1), is specifically designed to produce and characterize solution-processed thin-film devices like organic solar cells (OSC). It is designed to perform precise closed-loop screenings of up to 272 device variations per day yet allows further upscaling. Each individual solar cell is fully characterized, and all process steps are comprehensively documented. We want to demonstrate the capabilities of AMANDA L1 with OSCs based on PM6:Y6 with 13.7% efficiency when processed in air. Further, we discuss challenges and opportunities of highly automated research platforms and elaborate on the future integration of additional techniques, methods and algorithms in order to advance to fully autonomous self-optimizing systems—a paradigm shift in functional materials development leading to the laboratory of the future.

Electron holography of interfaces in electroceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1088-1089
Author(s):  
Vinayak P. Dravid ◽  
V. Ravikumar ◽  
Richard Plass
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Interference Phenomenon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Science Community

With the advent of coherent electron sources with cold field emission guns (cFEGs), it has become possible to utilize the coherent interference phenomenon and perform “practical” electron holography. Historically, holography was envisioned to extent the resolution limit by compensating coherent aberrations. Indeed such work has been done with reasonable success in a few laboratories around the world. However, it is the ability of electron holography to map electrical and magnetic fields which has caught considerable attention of materials science community.There has been considerable theoretical work on formation of space charge on surfaces and internal interfaces. In particular, formation and nature of space charge have important implications for the performance of numerous electroceramics which derive their useful properties from electrically active grain boundaries. Bonnell and coworkers, in their elegant STM experiments provided the direct evidence for GB space charge and its sign, while Chiang et al. used the indirect but powerful technique of x-ray microchemical profiling across GBs to infer the nature of space charge.

A glance on rare earth oxides: importance, reserves, demand, applications, critical uncertainties, global economy, and zeta potential characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Santos ◽  
Orlando Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Interparticle Forces

Background: Innovation mission in materials science requires new approaches to form functional materials, wherein the concept of its formation begins in nano/micro scale. Rare earth oxides with general form (RE2O3; RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y) exhibit particular proprieties, being used in a vast field of applications with high technological content since agriculture to astronomy. Despite of their applicability, there is a lack of studies on surface chemistry of rare earth oxides. Zeta potential determination provides key parameters to form smart materials by controlling interparticle forces, as well as their evolution during processing. This paper reports a study on zeta potential with emphasis for rare earth oxide nanoparticles. A brief overview on rare earths, as well as zeta potential, including sample preparation, measurement parameters, and the most common mistakes during this evaluation are reported. Methods: A brief overview on rare earths, including zeta potential, and interparticle forces are presented. A practical study on zeta potential of rare earth oxides - RE2O3 (RE as Y, Dy, Tm, Eu, and Ce) in aqueous media is reported. Moreover, sample preparation, measurement parameters, and common mistakes during this evaluation are discussed. Results: Potential zeta values depend on particle characteristics such as size, shape, density, and surface area. Besides, preparation of samples which involves electrolyte concentration and time for homogenization of suspensions are extremely valuable to get suitable results. Conclusion: Zeta potential evaluation provides key parameters to produce smart materials seeing that interparticle forces can be controlled. Even though zeta potential characterization is mature, investigations on rare earth oxides are very scarce. Therefore, this innovative paper is a valuable contribution on this field.

scholarly journals The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
European Council ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Human History ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Novel Processing

AbstractThroughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.

scholarly journals Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4543
Author(s):  
Xuan-Hung Pham ◽  
Seung-min Park ◽  
Bong-Hyun Jun
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Nano/micro particles are considered to be the most valuable and important functional materials in the field of materials science and engineering [...]

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