scholarly journals New Frontiers in the Application of Neutron Scattering to Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 903-906
Author(s):  
Dieter Richter ◽  
J. Michael Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neutron Reflectivity ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Under Construction

AbstractThis brief article describes the content of the December 2003 issue of MRS Bulletin on New Frontiers in the Application of Neutron Scattering to Materials Science. New techniques, new instrumentation, and new sources are providing exciting opportunities for the use of neutron scattering in materials research at a time when the pace of research and development is accelerating while the complexity of the issues governing materials use is increasing. At a time such as this, it is critical to use the best tool for the job, and neutron scattering is evolving into a tool that can be used with many others, rather than a technique only for the specialist. It is also providing unprecedented resolution in energy to allow the study of the slow dynamics characteristic of many problems in soft matter and to probe surfaces and interfaces in a unique way. In this issue, we have chosen three areas to emphasize these trends: neutron reflectivity as a probe of surfaces and interfaces, the use of neutrons to study complex fluids, and high-resolution neutron scattering studies of dynamics. We also give a view of the future of neutron sources, with an article outlining the opportunities to be provided by sources proposed or under construction in Europe, Japan, and the United States. It is our hope that this sampling of new opportunities in neutron scattering will encourage wider use of these techniques to help solve the challenging materials research problems of today and tomorrow.

Single-crystal neutron diffractometry — Recent developments and trends

2003 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Magnetic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Range Magnetic Order ◽  
Scattering Center ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Spallation Source ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Long Range Magnetic Order

AbstractAn overview is given over recent developments and trends in single-crystal neutron diffractometry. Special emphasis is put on instrumental developments which have considerably enhanced the efficiency of neutron scattering experiments over the last years by improving monochromator and/or detector systems. Not discussed are developments in the field of polarised neutrons. Examples from the Berlin Neutron Scattering Center (BENSC) are given for the measurement of short-range magnetic order using the flat-cone diffractometer E2 of BENSC and of the study of long-range magnetic order making use of a high-field cryomagnet at BENSC. The perspectives of neutron diffractometry within the next 5 to 10 years are discussed with view on the new powerful spallation sources SNS (under construction in the United States), JSNS (under construction in Japan) and ESS, the European Spallation Source, planned to be constructed in Europe.

The National Critical Materials Act

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Leamy
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Minerals Policy ◽  
Critical Materials ◽  
The Government

Profound acknowledgment of the importance of materials research to the well-being of society has recently been provided by the government of the United States of America in the form of Public Law 98-373: National Critical Materials Act of 1984. This law provides for the establishment of a National Critical Materials Council within the Executive Office of the President that is responsible for coordination of the government's materials-related policies, programs, and research and technology activities. This new legislation, the major features of which are reproduced on the next page in this issue of the BULLETIN, promises to touch all of us in some way during the coming years.The law establishes a National Critical Materials Council consisting of three presidential appointees who are qualified in materials policy or materials science and engineering. The Council is primarily responsible for the formulation of national materials policies consistent with other Federal policies. This activity includes establishing responsibilities for programs and priorities for materials activities in each Federal department or agency. The Council will also review materials programs and activities of the government for consistency with the National Materials and Minerals Policy Research and Development Act of 1980. It will monitor the critical needs of both industry and government, and it will advise the President of world trends and their implications for national and world economy and national security.

Remarks on the Evolution of Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
William W. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
University Professor ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Stochastic Phenomena ◽  
Grain Boundary Motion ◽  
And Diffusion

The following is an edited version of the Von Hippel Award address, given by recipient W.W. Mullins at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting. Mullins received the Materials Research Society's highest honor “for pioneering and profound contributions to the understanding of grain boundary motion, morphological stability, the structure of surfaces and interfaces, and flow and diffusion as stochastic phenomena.” Mullins is University Professor Emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering at Carnegie-Mellon University.

scholarly journals Towards neutron scattering experiments with sub-millisecond time resolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Adlmann ◽  
P. Gutfreund ◽  
J. F. Ankner ◽  
J. F. Browning ◽  
A. Parizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neutron Reflectivity ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Flight Mode ◽  
Materials Research

Neutron scattering techniques offer several unique opportunities in materials research. However, most neutron scattering experiments suffer from the limited flux available at current facilities. This limitation becomes even more severe if time-resolved or kinetic experiments are performed. A new method has been developed which overcomes these limitations when a reversible process is studied, without any compromise on resolution or beam intensity. It is demonstrated that, by recording in absolute time the neutron detector events linked to an excitation, information can be resolved on sub-millisecond timescales. Specifically, the concept of the method is demonstrated by neutron reflectivity measurements in time-of-flight mode at the Liquids Reflectometer located at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA, combined within siturheometry. The opportunities and limitations of this new technique are evaluated by investigations of a micellar polymer solution offering excellent scattering contrast combined with high sensitivity to shear.

1986 Von Hippel Lecture: The Many-Body Approach to Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Minko Balkanski
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Many

I would like to express my gratitude to the Awards Committee and its chairman for bringing me here today. One of the effects, and not the least, of this award is to call on my earliest recollections from the United States. In the Fall of 1956, I arrived in Boston at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Prof. von Hippel. My stay in the Materials Research Laboratory of MIT was a determining influence in my future work.The many-body problem is the study of the effects of interaction between bodies on the behavior of a many-body system. The importance of the many-body problem derives from the fact that almost any real physical system is composed of a set of interacting particles. Another essential aspect is that the many-body problem is not a branch of solid-state or atomic or nuclear physics but deals with general methods applicable to all many-body systems.Because of the complexity of the many-body problem, one of the preferred solutions is simply to ignore it. One can always say, “Let us admit that the particles forming the system do not interact or that their interaction is so weak that the effect can be considered negligible.” In many cases, this method produced good results, and one of the great mysteries is why.

scholarly journals The small-angle neutron scattering instrument D33 at the Institut Laue–Langevin

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Dewhurst ◽  
I. Grillo ◽  
D. Honecker ◽  
M. Bonnaud ◽  
M. Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sans Instrument

The D33 small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument at the Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL) is the most recent SANS instrument to be built at the ILL. In a project beginning in 2005 and lasting seven years, the concept has been developed, and the instrument designed, manufactured and installed. D33 was commissioned with neutrons during the second half of 2012, fully entering the ILL user programme in 2013. The scientific case required that D33 should provide a wide dynamic range of measured scattering vector magnitudeq, flexibility with regard to the instrument resolution, and the provision of polarized neutrons and3He spin analysis to facilitate and expand studies in magnetism. In monochromatic mode, a velocity selector and a flexible system of inter-collimation apertures define the neutron beam. A double-chopper system enables a time-of-flight (TOF) mode of operation, allowing an enhanced dynamicqrange (qmax/qmin) and a flexible wavelength resolution. Two large multitube detectors extend the dynamicqrange further, givingqmax/qmin≃ 25 in monochromatic mode and a very largeqmax/qmin> 1000 in TOF mode. The sample zone is large and flexible in configuration, accommodating complex and bulky sample environments, while the position of D33 is such as to allow high magnetic fields at the sample position. The instrument is of general purpose with a performance rivalling that of D22, and is well adapted for SANS studies in scientific disciplines as diverse as solution scattering in biology and soft matter and studies of physics, materials science and magnetism. This article provides a detailed technical description of D33 and its performance and characterization of the individual components, and serves as a technical reference for users of the instrument.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Materials Science: An Active New Frontier in Materials Research

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Elliott ◽  
Bruno Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Materials ◽  
Apply Physical ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractThe discipline of materials science has most commonly been associated with the study of structural or functional materials for engineering applications, such as metals, ceramics, and composites, but there are now, increasingly, great opportunities involving applications to soft matter, including polymers, powders, and biomaterials. The emerging discipline of pharmaceutical materials science attempts to apply physical principles common in materials science to challenges in such areas as drug delivery, control of drug form, manufacture and processing of nanoscopic and microscopic particle systems, and the structure and properties of bulk powders and their assemblies (e.g., tablets) for use in pharmaceutical applications. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we have attempted to capture a snapshot of this rapidly developing new area of materials research, in order to bring it to the attention of the wider materials science community.

Research on Cement-Based Materials: Expanding Our Horizons

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
J. Francis Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
State University ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Science Departments ◽  
Micro Structures

Concrete is the most widely used man-made product; in the United States we use about two tons per year per person. It has been estimated that the replacement value of concrete structures is over six trillion dollars, and that over one trillion dollars needs to be spent in the repair and rehabilitation of these structures over a 20-year period. By contrast, the resources devoted to the materials issues of the industry have been meager. This neglect may in part explain why the development of the science of cementitious materials had lagged behind that of other materials. The situation has been changing rapidly in recent years, however, and the articles in this issue have been selected to illustrate some of the advances that are being made.One key to the resurgence in research in cement-based materials is the realization of the pressing need to upgrade our deteriorating infrastructure. Another is the realization that a materials science and engineering approach is needed to provide a solid knowledge base to underpin new technologies. Chemistry took us a long way in the 1950s and 1960s, but an appreciation of how chemistry and processing could combine to create desirable micro-structures that would achieve desirable bulk properties came much later. It is significant that, with the noticeable exception of the Pennsylvania State University, cement research in universities in the United States previously was funded through civil engineering departments. Similarly, in Europe and Japan, research was conducted primarily in engineering faculties, although there were programs in a few chemistry departments. Now, however, on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, research groups are well established in materials science departments. It is noteworthy that on an NSF Science and Technology Center devoted to advanced cement-based materials is funded through the Division of Materials Research.

Ultramicrotomy as a Technique for Materials Specimen Preparation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S.R. Glanvill
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This paper summarizes the application of ultramicrotomy as a specimen preparation technique for some of the Materials Science applications encountered over the past two years. Specimens 20 nm thick by hundreds of μm lateral dimension are readily prepared for electron beam analysis. Materials examined include metals, plastics, ceramics, superconductors, glassy carbons and semiconductors. We have obtain chemical and structural information from these materials using HRTEM, CBED, EDX and EELS analysis. This technique has enabled cross-sectional analysis of surfaces and interfaces of engineering materials and solid state electronic devices, as well as interdiffusion studies across adjacent layers.Samples are embedded in flat embedding moulds with Epon 812 epoxy resin / Methyl Nadic Anhydride mixture, using DY064 accelerator to promote the reaction. The embedded material is vacuum processed to remove trapped air bubbles, thereby improving the strength and sectioning qualities of the cured block. The resin mixture is cured at 60 °C for a period of 80 hr and left to equilibrate at room temperature.

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