Nanoscale Science and Technology: Building a Big Future from Small Things

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Nanophotonic Devices ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Nanoscale Science ◽  
Small Things

AbstractThe following article is an edited transcript based on the MRS Medalist presentation given by Charles M. Lieber of Harvard University on December 4, 2002, at the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting in Boston. Lieber received the Medal “for controlled synthesis of nanowire and nanotube materials.” This presentation begins with an introduction to the bottom-up paradigm of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The key concepts of this paradigm are explored through studies outlining progress toward meeting the challenge of nanocomputing through the assembly of functional nanowire elements. The richness of the bottom-up paradigm and nanowire building blocks is then illustrated with the development of chemical and biological nanosensors. Finally, the uniqueness of nanowires is exemplified through discussion of the assembly of nanophotonic devices, including the demonstration of multicolor and addressable nanoscale light-emitting diodes, nanowire injection lasers, and assembled arrays of these nanophotonic sources. Challenges and goals for realizing nanotechnologies in the future are discussed in the conclusion.

Up Close: Nanoscale Science Research Centers

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Nanoscience And Nanotechnology ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Nanoscale Science

Nanoscience has, in many ways, grown up in parallel with the Materials Research Society. Although “nanoscience” and “nanotechnology” are buzzwords that were “discovered” in Washington, D.C., and in the capitals of countries around the world a number of years ago, nanoscience has actually been developing for several decades. The emergence of nanoscience as a fascinating and fruitful area of research has occurred primarily for two reasons: (1) materials have new and unpredictable properties at the nanoscale; and (2) it is now possible to make things controllably on the nanoscale and to see them.

The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Whitesides ◽  
Amy P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Spring Meeting ◽  
Materials Research

AbstractThis article is based on the plenary address given by George M. Whitesides of Harvard University on March 30, 2005, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Materials science and biomedicine are arguably two of the most exciting fields in science today. Research at the border between them will inevitably be a major focus, and the applications of materials science to problems in biomedicine—that is, biomaterials science—will bud into an important new branch of materials science. Accelerating the growth of this area requires an understanding of two very different fields, and being both thoughtful and entrepreneurial in considering “Why?” “How?” and “Where?” to put them together. In this fusion, biomedicine will, we believe, set the agenda; materials science will follow, and materials scientists must learn biology to be effective.

From Transistors to Lasers and Light-Emitting Diodes

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Holonyak
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Materials Research

AbstractThis article is based on the 2004 Von Hippel Award address by Nick Holonyak Jr. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). Holonyak received the award for “his many contributions to research and development in the field of semiconductors, not least for the first development of semiconductor lasers in the useful visible portion of the optical spectrum.” The talk was presented on Holonyak's behalf by Russell Dupuis on December 1, 2004, at the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting in Boston.With the discovery of the transistor by Bardeen and Brattain in 1947, and as a consequence of carrier injection and collection, the hole indeed became equal to the electron. The semiconductor took on new importance, as did the study of electron–hole recombination, first in the transistor materials Ge and Si, and then in III–V crystals (e.g., GaAs and GaP). Beyond Si and its indirect-gap and heterojunction limitations, the directgap III–V materials, particularly III–V alloys, made possible lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs)—and thus optoelectronics.The direct-gap III–V alloy LED after four decades of development exceeds in performance the incandescent lamp (as well as other forms of lamps) in much of the visible range. Beyond growing display applications, it has put conventional lighting under longrange threat with a semiconductor lamp—an “ultimate lamp” that promises unusual performance and energy savings. In principle, the LED or laser, basically a p–n junction, is an ultimate lamp that cannot be exceeded.

InGaN/GaN/AIGaN-Based Laser Diodes With an Estimated Lifetime of Longer Than 10,000 Hours

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Laser Diodes ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Fall Meeting ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Short Wave Length ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Medal Award

The following article, originally published in Materials Research Society Proceedings Volume 482, is based on the address that Shuji Nakamura, recipient of an MRS Medal Award, presented during Symposium X of the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting. Nakamura was recognized for “the development of lattice-mismatched GaN based heteroepitaxy and its application to the creation of blue and green light-emitting diodes and short wave-length laser diodes.”

Dripping, Jetting, Drops, and Wetting: The Magic of Microfluidics

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Utada ◽  
L.-Y. Chu ◽  
A. Fernandez-Nieves ◽  
D. R. Link ◽  
C. Holtze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Double Emulsions ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Control Fluid

The following article is based on the Symposium X presentation given by David A. Weitz (Harvard University) on April 11, 2007, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. The article describes how simple microfluidic devices can be used to control fluid flow and produce a variety of new materials. Based on the concepts of coaxial flow and hydrodynamically focused flow, used alone or in various combinations, the devices can produce precisely controlled double emulsions (droplets within droplets) and even triple emulsions (double emulsions suspended in a third droplet). These structures, which can be created in a single microfluidic device, have various applications such as encapsulants for drugs, cosmetics, or food additives.

A DNA-Based Methodology for Preparing Nanocluster Circuits, Arrays, and Diagnostic Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Mirkin
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Real Science ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Collective Interactions ◽  
And Control

The following article is an edited transcript of the presentation given by Chad A. Mirkin (Northwestern University), recipient of the 1999 Outstanding Young Investigator award, at the 1999 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting on April 6 in San Francisco. Some examples of new work have been added to the transcript.Our group has been developing a couple of projects over the past few years, both of which deal with the general area of nanotechnology. We are very excited about this work because we think it will lead to a general methodology for preparing nanostructured materials from common inorganic building blocks and readily available DNA-interconnect molecules. The intellectual payoff from this work will be a greater understanding of the collective interactions between nanoscale building blocks in the context of organized materials, while the technological payoffs range from the development of new and useful types of DNA detection strategies, to highperformance catalysts, to the realization of bioelectronic nanocircuitry.The field of nanotechnology faces three main challenges. The first is to develop a combination of tools and materials that allows us to make small structures and control the architecture of large structures on the nanometer-length scale. Of course, we must be able to do this routinely before we can really explore this field in detail. The second important challenge is to determine the chemical and physical consequences of miniaturization, which is where the real science comes into play in nanotechnology.

The Evolution of Nitride Semiconductors

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Akasaki
Keyword(s):  
Group Iii Nitrides ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nitride Semiconductors ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Group Iii Nitride

AbstractThe great scientific and commercial success of the group-III nitrides in recent years is the result of persistent fundamental research over a time span of three decades. In the late 60's and in the early 70's the very heart of gallium nitride research was located in J.I. Pankove's laboratory at RCA. There the first single crystalline GaN was grown by Maruska and Tietjen and the very first GaN light emitting diodes were produced by Pankove in September 1971, 26 years ago. Since then the community of nitride research has come a long and troublesome way, but it has succeeded. This 1997 Fall Meeting Symposium on Nitride Semiconductors of the Materials Research Society is dedicated to Professor J.I. Pankove for his outstanding and groundbreaking contributions in the early development of group-III nitride research. This paper reports a historical summary of the evolution of the field summarizing the landmark contributions that have led to the current status of success.

A Bottom-Up Approach to Solution-Processed, Atomically Precise Graphitic Cylinders on Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Leonhardt ◽  
Jeff M. Van Raden ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Lev N. Zakharov ◽  
Benjamin Aleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Circle Packing ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
New Class ◽  
Solution Casting Technique

Extended carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exhibit remarkable properties but are difficult to synthesize uniformly. Herein, we present a new class of carbon nanomaterials constructed via the bottom-up self-assembly of cylindrical, atomically-precise small molecules. Guided by supramolecular design principles and circle packing theory, we have designed and synthesized a fluorinated nanohoop that, in the solid-state, self-assembles into nanotube-like arrays with channel diameters of precisely 1.63 nm. A mild solution-casting technique is then used to construct vertical “forests” of these arrays on a highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface through epitaxial growth. Furthermore, we show that a basic property of nanohoops, fluorescence, is readily transferred to the bulk phase, implying that the properties of these materials can be directly altered via precise functionalization of their nanohoop building blocks. The strategy presented is expected to have broader applications in the development of new graphitic nanomaterials with π-rich cavities reminiscent of CNTs.

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