Inductive biomaterials for bone regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafid Kasir ◽  
Varadraj N. Vernekar ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts ◽  
Induce Bone Formation

Inductive biomaterials are sought as alternatives to traditional materials used to treat bone defects. Traditional materials include autologous bone grafts that must be obtained surgically, and allografts that carry the risk of disease transmission and infection. Whereas the use of growth factors to stimulate bone growth has seen considerable advances, their efficacy is usually limited to supra-physiological doses with considerable side effects. On the other hand, certain biomaterials have an intrinsic ability to stimulate bone regeneration in lieu of growth factor use, and their use in repairing bone defects as well as improving the osteointegration of implants has been promising. These materials known as osteoinductive biomaterials include ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites of these materials. In this review, we examine the relevant properties of these different materials in their ability to induce bone formation.

scholarly journals Osteoinductive 3D Printed Scaffold Healed 5 cm Segmental Bone Defects in the Ovine Metatarsus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Peter Yang ◽  
Kevin Labus ◽  
Benjamin Gadomski ◽  
Arnaud Bruyas ◽  
Jeremiah Easley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts

Abstract Autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard grafting material for the treatment of nonunion, but in very large bone defects, traditional autograft alone is insufficient to induce repair. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) can stimulate bone regeneration and enhance the healing efficacy of bone grafts. The delivery of rhBMP-2 may even enable engineered synthetic scaffolds to be used in place of autologous bone grafts for the treatment of critical size defects, eliminating risks associated with autologous tissue harvest. We here demonstrate that an osteoinductive scaffold, fabricated by combining a 3D printed rigid polymer/ceramic composite scaffold with an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge can treat extremely large-scale segmental defects in the sheep metatarsus. Bone regeneration after 24 weeks was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, and histological characterization. Load-bearing cortical bridging was achieved in all animals, with increased bone volume observed in sheep that received osteoinductive scaffolds compared to sheep that received an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge alone.

scholarly journals Osteoinductive 3D printed scaffold healed 5 cm segmental bone defects in the ovine metatarsus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Peter Yang ◽  
Kevin M. Labus ◽  
Benjamin C. Gadomski ◽  
Arnaud Bruyas ◽  
Jeremiah Easley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts

AbstractAutologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard grafting material for the treatment of nonunion, but in very large bone defects, traditional autograft alone is insufficient to induce repair. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) can stimulate bone regeneration and enhance the healing efficacy of bone grafts. The delivery of rhBMP-2 may even enable engineered synthetic scaffolds to be used in place of autologous bone grafts for the treatment of critical size defects, eliminating risks associated with autologous tissue harvest. We here demonstrate that an osteoinductive scaffold, fabricated by combining a 3D printed rigid polymer/ceramic composite scaffold with an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge can treat extremely large-scale segmental defects in a pilot feasibility study using a new sheep metatarsus fracture model stabilized with an intramedullary nail. Bone regeneration after 24 weeks was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, and histological characterization. Load-bearing cortical bridging was achieved in all animals, with increased bone volume observed in sheep that received osteoinductive scaffolds compared to sheep that received an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge alone.

Combined use of platelet-rich plasma and autologous bone grafts in the treatment of long bone defects in mini-pigs

Injury ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakimi ◽  
P. Jungbluth ◽  
M. Sager ◽  
M. Betsch ◽  
M. Herten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts ◽  
Mini Pigs

A Histological and Radiological Study of Bone Formation around Porous Resorbable β-Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Bone Defect Filling

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
M. Strnadová ◽  
T. Kučera ◽  
M.D. Cevallos Lecaro ◽  
J. Strnad ◽  
Z. Strnad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Benign Tumours ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts ◽  
Defect Filling

The purpose of this study was to analyze the histological, histochemical and radiological findings gained from pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo tests and from implantation of ß-tricalcium phosphate PORESORB®-TCP (P). (P) is a bioactive, resorbable, inorganic, crystalline, non-metallic material with osseoconductive properties intended for replacement of bone tissue. The (P) granules (size 1-2mm) were implanted into the tibia of dogs for 3 and 6 months. The formation of 53% and 72% of new bone was observed after 3 and 6 months respectively.Material (P) sized 0.3-0.6 mm was used to fill in the periodontal defect and also as a carrier of growth proteins. During the study period, no undesired response to the material used was observed. The values of the plaque index showed standard hygienic conditions – the values of PlI were 0.72, 0.65 and 0.62 before treatment and 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively.A total of 72 two-stage sinus lifts were performed in 54 patients. The autologous bone was harvested from the mandibular ramus and mixed with the (P) material sized 1-2 mm. The materials were used in a proportion ranging between 1: 1 and 1: 3. The residual allograft area was 16.21 ± 8.78 %. The connective tissue was 44.16 ± 5.85 %.This has been a retrospective review of the healing of bone defects, due to benign tumours or tumour-like lesions, using (P) material sized 1.3 mm, 0.7 mm (0.6-2 mm) as bone graft substitutes. 87 patients with bone defects (average volume 15 cm3; interval 0.4 – 144 cm3) were included. Defects with a volume up to 4 cm3 had the same successful rate of healing both for autologous bone grafts and (P). (P) sized 1.3 mm; 0.7 mm (0.6-2 mm) was successfully used in defects with volume up to 4 cm3. However, it is evident that the ratio of the size of the defect and the size of the applied granule must be kept near to 10/1 for successful treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mineralized Dentin Graft in the Treatment of Intraosseous Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Nuray Özkahraman ◽  
Nilüfer Bölükbaşı Balcıoğlu ◽  
Merva Soluk Tekkesin ◽  
Yusuf Altundağ ◽  
Serdar Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Autogenous Graft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Group A ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Group D

Background and Objectives: Dentin grafts have osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties and are considered as an alternative to autogenous graft. This study evaluates the efficacy of autogenous mineralized dentin graft (AMDG) alone or with xenograft and compares it with those of various graft materials used in the treatment of intraosseous bone defects. Materials and Methods: The third incisor teeth of six sheep (2–3 years old) were extracted and AMDG was obtained. Six defects were prepared on each tibia of these six sheep: empty defect (group E); autogenous graft (group A), dentin graft (group D), xenograft (group X), autogenous + xenograft (group A + X) and dentin + xenograft (group D + X). Three sheep in each group were sacrificed in the post-operative 3rd and 6th week and the histologic analyses were performed. Results: The D and D + X groups showed histological features similar to the other groups in the 3rd and 6th weeks. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the rates of new bone formation between the D and D + X groups (p = 1.0) and the other groups at both time intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Similar results observed in this study between groups A, D, X, A + X and D + X demonstrate that AMDG can be successfully used in the treatment of intraosseous bone defects. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be able to evaluate the effectiveness of dentin grafts in different types of indications.

scholarly journals Hydrogels that allow and facilitate bone repair, remodeling, and regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (40) ◽  
pp. 7818-7830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Short ◽  
Deepthi Koralla ◽  
Ameya Deshmukh ◽  
Benjamin Wissel ◽  
Benjamin Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Congenital Deformity ◽  
Bone Stock ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts

Bone defects can originate from a variety of causes, including trauma, cancer, congenital deformity, and surgical reconstruction. Success of the current “gold standard” treatment (i.e., autologous bone grafts) is greatly influenced by insufficient or inappropriate bone stock.

scholarly journals Effects of collagen/β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft to regenerate bone in critically sized rabbit calvarial defects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 228080001882049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Tebyanian ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Norahan ◽  
Hossein Eyni ◽  
Mansoureh Movahedin ◽  
SM Javad Mortazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Bone defects remain a significant health issue and a major cause of morbidity in elderly patients. Composites based on collagen/calcium phosphate have been widely used for bone repair in clinical applications, owing to their comparability to bone extracellular matrix. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a scaffold of collagen/calcium phosphate (COL/β-TCP) on bone formation to assess its potential use as a bone substitute to repair bone defects. Bilateral full-thickness critically sized calvarial defects (8 mm in diameter) were created in New Zealand white rabbits and treated with COL/β-TCP or COL scaffolds. One defect was also left unfilled as a control. Bone regeneration was assessed through histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining after 4 and 8 weeks. Alizarin Red staining was also utilized to observe the mineralization process. Our findings indicated that COL/β-TCP implantation could better enhance bone regeneration than COL and exhibited both new bone growth and scaffold material degradation.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Incorporated Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Enhanced Bone Regeneration of Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Fei Wei ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Li Quan Deng ◽  
Yue Lian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Autologous Bone

Although preclinical and clinical studies have shown the benefits of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in bone regeneration, there are increasing concerns about its side effects. These are mainly due to the high dosage of BMP2 which is necessary to obtain the desired clinical results. Previously our group has developed a novel controlled-release delivery system; the biomimetic calcium phosphate coating incorporated with BMP2. It can be used at much lower concentrations of BMP2 than those used in the commercially available product and still produce similar biological effects. In this study, we made a primarily biological evaluation of BMP2 incorporated beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. Critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats. They were divided into four groups as follows: (1) empty defects (control), (2) defects filled with β-TCP, (3) defects filled with BMP2 incorporated β-TCP, (4) defects filled with autologous bone. Eight weeks after the operation, the efficiency of the materials was evaluated using histology and histomorphometry. Moreover, the safety of the materials was evaluated using routine blood examination, blood biochemistry examination and histopathological examination of viscera. BMP2 incorporated β-TCP demonstrated an efficiency of bone regeneration that was comparable with autologous bone, with the highest levels of new bone formation (38.3±8.4 mm3 versus 30.1±9.9 mm3, p < 0.05). All clinical lab index of blood in these four groups were within the normal range. Moreover, no change related to the treatment was noted in the histopathological examination of viscera. The results from the present study demonstrated that BMP2 incorporated β-TCP could be a promising substitute for autologous bone used for bone regeneration. Future clinical trials and preclinical trials with large animal models are necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of BMP2 incorporated β-TCP.

Bone Substitutes in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Busch ◽  
Alexander Wegner ◽  
Marcel Haversath ◽  
Marcus Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafting ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafts

AbstractBone replacement materials have been successfully supplied for a long time. But there are cases, especially in critical sized bone defects, in which the therapy is not sufficient. Nowadays, there are multiple bone substitutes available. Autologous bone grafts remain the “gold standard” in bone regeneration. Yet, donor-site morbidity and the available amount of sufficient material are limitations for autologous bone grafting. This study aimed to provide information about the current status in research regarding bone substitutes. We report on the advantages and drawbacks of several bone substitutes. At the end, we discuss the current developments of combining ceramic substitutes with osteoinductive substances.

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