Mechanical properties of calcium carbonate/eggshell particle filled polypropylene Composites

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (54-55) ◽  
pp. 2783-2792
Author(s):  
Kabiru Mustapha ◽  
Rashidat Ayinla ◽  
Abdulraman Sikiru Ottan ◽  
Tunji Adetayo Owoseni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Hardness Tester

AbstractCalcium carbonate is widely used as a filler material in the production of polymer matrix composites and studies have shown that eggshell contains about 94% calcium carbonate. The effect of calcium carbonate from eggshell particles in polypropylene was studied in this work and the result compared with unreinforced polypropylene. Industrially synthesized calcium carbonate/eggshell particles were used as filler in polypropylene matrix with varying mass fractions from 5 to 20 wt. % at 5 wt. % increment. The produced samples were mechanically characterized for indentation hardness and uniaxial tensile properties using a Rockwell hardness tester and universal mechanical testing machine respectively. These properties were measured at different compositions to determine its compositional dependence. Microstructural analysis of the composites top and fracture surface was also carried out using scanning electron microscope to examine possible failure mode. The results were compared to measure the effect of reinforcement and the replacement criteria for the conventional calcium carbonate. The results obtained showed that calcium carbonate reinforced polypropylene has its highest tensile strength, elastic modulus and modulus of rupture at 5 wt. %, ductility and modulus of resilience at 10 wt. %, and hardness at 15 wt. %. The results also showed that granulated eggshell can provided appreciable improvement in the mechanical properties of polypropylene as obtainable in mineral calcium carbonate reinforced polypropylene.

scholarly journals Comparison of mechanical and wearing properties between LM13 matrix and Stir cast LM13/B4C/Gr hybrid composites of various composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
M.H. Faisal ◽  
S. Prabagaran ◽  
T.S. Vishnu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Carbide Particles

Aluminium/graphite composites are the need of modern times for addressing the fuel saving issues. The graphite in such composites act as solid lubricant and it reduce external fuel requirements. But such composites are having degraded mechanical properties due to the graphite content in composite. In order to solve the negative effect of graphite on mechanical properties of LM13/Gr self-lubricating composite this study was conducted to find out the mechanical properties of LM13/B4C/Gr Metal Matrix Composites. Boron carbide was selected as reinforcement because of its better reinforcement properties compared to alumina and silicon carbide. The properties of the hybrid composites were compared with the LM13/Gr self-lubricating composite to study the enhancement in mechanical properties that has been caused by the boron carbide particles. Using computerized universal testing machine and rock-well hardness tester mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength were tested. Pin on disk testing machine was used to analyse the wear behavior. The test results indicates that by raising weight % of boron carbide particles in the LM13, tensile strength and hardness of the hybrid composites was increased compared to self-lubricating composite accompanied by better tribological properties.

Analysis on the Reasons of 500kV High-Voltage Disconnectors Hoop Fracture

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 992-995
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Wei Tan Cui ◽  
Hong Wu Zhang ◽  
Yong Quan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tightening Force ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Fracture Appearance

The fracture reasons of 500kV high-voltage disconnectors hoops were analyzed. The fracture appearance, composition of chemical elements, metallographic, mechanical properties of the fractured hoops were investigated by ICP-AES, SEM, optical microscope, brinell hardness tester, universal testing machine. The test results that one reason is substandard products of this batch hoop. The composition of chemical elements and mechanical properties is fails to comply with applicable standards prescribed and the casting defects are found. Another reason is that the large pre-tightening force and tightens reverse order.

Mechanical Properties of Undamaged and Damaged Steel Rebars at Elevated Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kamath ◽  
Umesh Sharma ◽  
Pradeep Bhargava ◽  
N. Bhandari ◽  
Asif Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Steel Rebars

Evaluation of mechanical properties of undamaged and damaged steel rebars at elevated temperature finds its applications in development of steel material models likely to be used in designing reinforced concrete structural members subjected to earthquake triggered fire. In the present experimental investigation, 84 rebar specimens (cylindrical) of length 700 mm and diameters 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm were tested. Test specimens were prepared from the materials used in construction of full-scale reinforced concrete frame subjected to earthquake and fire. The specimens were initially stressed to a certain known limit (0.58 times yield stress fy) to simulate damage caused by an earthquake. After inducing the damage, they were exposed to a desired temperature level (20 °C, 250 °C, 500 °C and 750 °C) in a circular furnace arrangement coupled with a 400 kN universal testing machine. The temperature was sustained inside the furnace for about 30 minutes to ensure a steady state heat transfer inside the specimen. The bars were then tested under uniaxial tensile loading conditions to failure. The elongation was recorded by using two LVDTs fixed between gauge lengths of 265 mm at the mid-height. Results obtained in the tests were utilized to carry out multiple linear regression analysis and propose constitutive models for damaged steel rebars and various relationships: Tensile Strength, Peak-Strain, Elongation and Elastic Modulus vs. Temperature, Stress vs. Strain at elevated temperatures.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel Parts

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Shao Jiang Lin ◽  
Da Peng Feng ◽  
Qi Nian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Hardness Tester

This work presents the possibility of obtaining high density austenitic stainless steel parts by powder metallurgy (PM) and sintered in vacuum. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield stress, elongation rate and Vickers hardness were measured by using a tensile testing machine and a Vickers hardness tester at room temperature. Microstructural characterization was performed by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of sintering temperature on densification and mechanical properties of PM austenitic stainless steel has been investigated. The results show that density and mechanical properties were increased with the increase of sintering temperature, but when the sintering temperature is above 1340 °C, they increased slowly. The highest mechanical properties were obtained when sintering temperature was 1340 °C.

Effect of Amorphous Phase on Mechanical Properties of SiC/Cu Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 586-589
Author(s):  
Bing Sun ◽  
Bing Bing Fan ◽  
Chen Yang Wang ◽  
Bin Bin Wang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Coating Method

In this study, glassy phase is formed by SiO2-K2O addition to serve as amorphous grain boundary transition layer. SiC (SiO2-K2O) / Cu composite material were prepared by two-step coating method and hot pressing sintered below 770°C, 30MPa for 1.5h, using α-SiC as main reinforced phase, SiO2-K2O as grain boundary and Cu as matrix. The Cu-SiC volume ratio was 75:25. The SiO2contents were 5vol.%, 10vol.%, 15vol.%, 20vol.% and 25vol.% of the total volume of the SiC / Cu. XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the composite particles and the sintered compacts; Archimedes method, Vickers hardness tester, universal testing machine to test the apparent porosity of the composite materials, the Vickers hardness and the bending strength, respectively. The results showed that with increasing of glassy phase contents, the Vickers hardness and the bending strength first rise and then drop, at the same time, it shows the opposite tendency for the apparent porosity. The sintering samples with the SiO2content of 15vol.% have the optimum mechanical properties, the Vickers hardness reached 1.49 GPa, and the bending strength was close to 235 MPa.

Effect of the Stretch Rate During Uniaxial Testing on the Mechanical Properties of Prolene®

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Bazi ◽  
A. H. Ammouri ◽  
R. F. Hamade
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Displacement Rate ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stretch Rate ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing

We assess the effects of stretch rate on the mechanical properties of Prolene® (Ethicon, Gynecare, Somerville, NJ, USA), a knitted polypropylene mesh. Prolene®, consisting of macroporous knitted polypropylene, is considered here as a suitable proxy to midurethral tape (MUT) as well as to many other prosthesis products used in surgery applications. Such products are utilized to treat urine incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, as well as hernia in humans. Of the mechanical properties of special significance are the following three properties: peak load (N), extension (%) at peak load, and linear stiffness (N/mm). Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on mesh samples on a universal testing machine and involved loading different samples at 5 cross-head speeds of: 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mm/min. The corresponding properties were measured under these 5 conditions. In order to minimize damage to the specimens at the jaws, special dual action pneumatically operated grips with rubber faced jaws were used to hold the samples in place. The effectiveness of these grips was illustrated by the fact that none of the failed samples broke at grips. Statistically significant findings suggest an increasing trend for Prolene® stiffness vs. stretch rate (R2 = 0.9679; two-tailed p value = 0.0025) where the stiffness increases 26.2% when increasing the displacement rate from 1 to 500 mm/min. For extension (%) at peak load, a decreasing trend was found vs. stretch rate (R2 = 0.81; two-tailed p value = 0.037) where increasing the displacement rate from 1 mm/min to 500 mm/min corresponds to a 22% decrease in the relative elongation of the mesh. No statistically significant dependence of peak load on stretch rate was found. These findings may help workers in the biomedical field develop suitable uniaxial tensile testing protocols of such materials.

Assessment of Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of Locally-Made Ni-Ti Alloys Used in Orthodontics

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattiree Chiranavanit ◽  
Anak Khantachawana ◽  
N. Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Average Grain Size

Ni-Ti alloy wires have been widely used in clinical orthodontics because of their properties of superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME). The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical properties and phase transformation of 50.7Ni-49.3 Ti (at%) alloy (NT) and 45.2Ni-49.8Ti-5.0Cu (at%) alloy (NTC), cold-rolled with various percent reductions. To investigate SE and SME, heat-treatment was performed at 400°C and 600°C for 1 h. The specimens were examined using an Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (EDS), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Universal Testing Machine (Instron), Vickers Hardness Tester and Optical Microscope (OM). On the three-point bending test, the superelastic load-deflection curve was seen in NTC heat-treated at 400°C. Furthermore, NT heat-treated at 400°C with 30% reduction produced a partial superelastic curve. For SME, no conditions revealed superelasticity at the oral temperature. Micro-hardness value increased with greater percentage reduction. The average grain size for all specimens was typically 55-80 µm. The results showed that locally-made Ni-Ti alloys have various transformation behaviors and mechanical properties depending on three principal factors: chemical composition, work-hardening (the percent reduction) and heat-treatment temperature.

Silica from Geothermal Waste as Reinforcing Filler in Artificial Leather

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Muh. Wahyu Syabani ◽  
Ina Amaliyana ◽  
Indri Hermiyati ◽  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Artificial Leather ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Separation Force ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

The main components of artificial leather were polymer, plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler. Silica is one of the commons reinforcing filler for many composites. Meanwhile, amorphous silica is usually precipitate in geothermal power plants and become solid waste in large amounts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of PVC-based artificial leather by utilizing geothermal silica as reinforcing filler. The plastisol was prepared by mixing the PVC, plasticizer, co-plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler with the amount of 100, 60, 3, 0.5 and 25 phr respectively. Commercial-calcium carbonate and geothermal-silica were used as filler for each sample formulation, then the non-filler plastisol also prepared as a reference. Artificial leather made by coating the release paper using the plastisol then heated at 190°C. The mechanical properties were investigated using a universal testing machine for the elongation, tensile strength and separation force. The surface morphology of each sample were analyzed using SEM. The results show us that the geothermal silica filled artificial leather has better elongation, tensile strength, and separation force compared to the calcium carbonate since there are stronger filler-polymer bonds formed. Therefore geothermal silica has high potential as filler for artificial leather, thus gives an alternative solution for the solid waste problem in geothermal power plant and also provide low-cost source of reinforcing fillers for artificial leather industries.

Performance Evaluation of Flame-Retardant NSCFR-Treated Laminated Veneer Lumber(LVL) PartⅠ:Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2106-2110
Author(s):  
Yi Qiang Wu ◽  
Chun Hua Yao ◽  
Yan Qing ◽  
Jian Xiong Lv ◽  
Yun Chu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber

This study aimed at evaluating the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of a structural laminated veneer lumber(LVL) prepared with self-made fire-retardant NSCFR being applied to the adhesive. Cone calorimeter(CONE), thermogravimetry(TG-DTG) and universal testing machine were utilized to assess the performances. Results showed that: fire-resistant and smoke-suppression characteristics of the fire-retardant treated LVL (FRLVL)were satisfactory. The heat release rate(HRR) of it was smaller than that of the untreated wood and it did not exhibit the typical second pkHRR of wood-based materials. It had a residual mass rate of 33.32% after exposure to fire. Overall production rate of CO and CO2, average specific extinction area and average smoke rate for it were remarkably less than that of unprocessed wood. In addition, FRLVL possesses acceptable physical and mechanical properties. It showed higher density and lower thickness swell after 24h water immersion than the control group and the strength parallel to glue-line parameters in static bending----modulus of rupture(MOR), modulus of elasticity(MOE), shear strength(SS) were 38.698 Mpa ,6.376 GPa and 4.389MPa separately, all of which met the corresponding requirements for structural LVL specified in the China National Standard GB/T 20241-2006.

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