Effect of production and curing conditions on the performance of stabilized compressed earth blocks: Kaolinite vs quartz-rich earthen material

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philbert Nshimiyimana ◽  
Hassan Seini Moussa ◽  
Adamah Messan ◽  
Luc Courard
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Calcium Carbide Residue ◽  
Earth Blocks

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of production and curing parameters on the mechanical performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with 0-20 wt % CCR (calcium carbide residue). Kaolinite (K) and quartz (Q)-rich earthen materials were mixed with the CCR and used to mould CEBs at optimum moisture content (OMC) and OMC+2 % of the dry mixtures, cured at 20 °C, ambient temperature in the lab (30±5 °C) and 40 °C for 0-90 days. After curing, the reactivity of the materials and compressive strength of dry CEBs were tested. Increasing the moulding moisture from OMC to OMC+2 decreased the compressive strength 0.3 times (4.4 to 3.3 MPa) for the CEBs stabilized with 20 % CCR cured at 30±5 °C for 45 days. Similarly, the compressive strength (4.4 MPa) was reached by CEBs stabilized with 10 and 20 % CCR after 28 and 45 days of curing, respectively. At 40 °C, the compressive strength increased 3.3 times (1.1 to 4.7 MPa with 0 to 20 % CCR) for K-rich and 2.5 times (2 to 7.1 MPa) for Q˗rich materials. At 20 °C, the compressive strength increased only 1.3 times (1.1 to 2.5 MPa) for K˗rich and barely 0.7 times (2 to 3.4 MPa) for Q-rich materials. These suggest that CCR is useful for stabilization and improving the performances of CEBs in hot regions.

scholarly journals Calcium Carbide Residue and Rice Husk Ash for improving the Compressive Strength of Compressed Earth Blocks

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (34-35) ◽  
pp. 2009-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philbert Nshimiyimana ◽  
David Miraucourt ◽  
Adamah Messan ◽  
Luc Courard
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Calcium Carbide Residue ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACTEarth stabilization, using two by-products available in Burkina Faso: Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA), improved the performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs). The effect of adding CCR or CCR: RHA (in various ratios) to the clayey earth was investigated. CEBs were molded by manually compressing moisturized mixtures of earthen materials and 0-15 % CCR or CCR: RHA (various ratios) with respect to the weight of earthen material. The results showed that, with 15 % CCR: RHA in 7: 3 ratio, the compressive strength of CEBs (6.6 MPa) is three times that of the CEBs containing 15 % CCR alone (2.2 MPa). This improvement was related to the pozzolanic reaction between CCR, clay and RHA. These CEBs comply with the requirement for wall construction of two-storey housing.

Static Compaction of Soils with Varying Clay Content

2015 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Zhemchuzhnikov ◽  
Khosrow Ghavami ◽  
Michéle dal Toé Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Standard Proctor Test ◽  
Static Compaction

The use of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) is widespread in the field of earth construction. They present better mechanical performance than adobe and the equipment for their production is simple. Laboratory testing of compressed earth blocks requires large amounts of material. There are variations of unconfined strength testing procedures such as testing halves of the blocks with layers of mortar between them or testing whole blocks in diverse directions. This complicates the interpretation of test results as the shape factor and mortar characteristics influence the results significantly. Static compaction test can be used to produce cylindrical samples representative of CEBs. The water content of soil used for the production of CEBs is often determined in standard Proctor test while experimental data indicate that the optimum moisture content for static and dynamic compaction is different. The present article addresses the behavior of four soil mixes with varying clay content compacted statically with a constant rate of strain. Static compaction curves were compared with those obtained in standard Proctor test. For all the soil mixes the static optimum moisture content was found to correspond to the start of consolidation. The compaction curve presented no wet side of optimum in contrast to Proctor test. The energy needed to achieve a desired density by static compaction was analyzed for soils with varying clay contents. Static compaction was found to be more efficient than dynamic for clayey soils. An increase in water content was observed to help achieving higher densities at low pressures, which can improve the performance of manual CEB presses.

The influence of the addition of ground olive stone on the thermo-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Samia Djadouf ◽  
Nasser Chelouah ◽  
Abdelkader Tahakourt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Earth Blocks

Sustainable development and environmental challenges incite to valorize local materials such as agricultural waste. In this context, a new ecological compressed earth blocks (CEBS) with addition of ground olive stone (GOS) was proposed. The GOS is added as partial clay replacement in different proportions. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of GOS levels on the thermal properties and mechanical behavior of CEB. We proceeded to determining the optimal water content and equivalent wet density by compaction using a hydraulic press, at a pressure of 10 MPa. The maximum compressive strength is reached at 15% of the GOS. This percentage increases the mechanical properties by 19.66%, and decreases the thermal conductivity by 37.63%. These results are due to the optimal water responsible for the consolidation and compactness of the clay matrix. The substitution up to 30% of GOS shows a decrease of compressive strength and thermal conductivity by about 38.38% and 50.64% respectively. The decrease in dry density and thermal conductivity is related to the content of GOS, which is composed of organic and porous fibers. The GOS seems promising for improving the thermo-mechanical characteristics of CEB and which can also be used as reinforcement in CEBS.

scholarly journals Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC) estabilizados con cal y cemento. Evaluación de su impacto ambiental y su resistencia a compresión

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Santiago Pedro Cabrera ◽  
Yolanda Guadalupe Aranda-Jiménez ◽  
Edgardo Jonathan Suárez-Domínguez ◽  
Rodolfo Rotondaro
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
The City

This work presents the evaluation of the environmental impact and compressive strength of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) stabilized with hydrated aerial lime and Portland cement. For this, 12 series of blocks stabilized with different proportions of lime and cement were manufactured and the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology was used. After conducting these assays and simulations, it could be concluded that, using earth and sand typical of the city of Santa Fe (Argentina), stabilized with certain percentages of Portland cement between 5 and 10% in weight, CEB can be produced with sufficient levels of strength for them to be used in load-bearing walls, in this way minimizing the negative environmental impact associated with their manufacturing. It is also concluded that the stabilization with aerial lime does not increase the CEB’s compressive strength and, on the contrary, significantly increases their negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of compression strength of ventilated corrugated citrus packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj B. Pathare ◽  
Tarl M. Berry ◽  
Umezuruike Linus Opara
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Airflow Distribution ◽  
Postharvest Handling

Abstract Ventilated corrugated paperboard packaging is the most widely type of packaging used in postharvest handling and transportation of fresh horticultural produce, during which the package may be exposed to different environmental conditions. Ventilated packages should be designed in such a way that they can provide uniform airflow distribution without compromising mechanical integrity. This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (−0.5°C at 90% RH; 4°C at 90% RH, 10° C at 90% RH) on the mechanical performance of two types of ventilated packaging [‘Supervent’ (4.7% vent area) and ‘Standard’ (3.1% vent area)] used for handling citrus fruit. The effects of storage condition on moisture content of package was also studied. Standard packaging showed higher compression strength than supervent packaging, presumably due to less vent area on the package. Maximum compressive strength reduction was found at storage temperature 4°C for both packages. The compressive strength of both packages decreased with increase in moisture content.

scholarly journals Investigation of compressive strength and microstructures of activated cement free binder from fly ash - calcium carbide residue mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4757-4765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saofee Dueramae ◽  
Weerachart Tangchirapat ◽  
Piti Sukontasukkul ◽  
Prinya Chindaprasirt ◽  
Chai Jaturapitakkul
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Calcium Carbide Residue

scholarly journals Mechanical and Thermal Performance Characterisation of Compressed Earth Blocks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete R. Teixeira ◽  
Gilberto Machado ◽  
Adilson de P. Junior ◽  
Christiane Guarnier ◽  
Jorge Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Blocks

The present research is focused on an experimental investigation to evaluate the mechanical, durability, and thermal performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) produced in Portugal. CEBs were analysed in terms of electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, total water absorption, water absorption by capillarity, accelerated erosion test, and thermal transmittance evaluated in a guarded hotbox setup apparatus. Overall, the results showed that compressed earth blocks presented good mechanical and durability properties. Still, they had some issues in terms of porosity due to the particle size distribution of soil used for their production. The compressive strength value obtained was 9 MPa, which is considerably higher than the minimum requirements for compressed earth blocks. Moreover, they presented a heat transfer coefficient of 2.66 W/(m2·K). This heat transfer coefficient means that this type of masonry unit cannot be used in the building envelope without an additional thermal insulation layer but shows that they are suitable to be used in partition walls. Although CEBs have promising characteristics when compared to conventional bricks, results also showed that their proprieties could even be improved if optimisation of the soil mixture is implemented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Belgian clays for manufacturing compressed earth blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Lavie A. MANGO-ITULAMYA ◽  
Frédéric COLLIN ◽  
Pascal PILATE ◽  
Fabienne COURTEJOIE ◽  
Nathalie FAGEL
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Sand And Gravel

This study aims to characterize Belgian clays in order to evaluate their use for manufacture of compressed earth blocks (CEB). Nineteen Belgian clay deposits were sampled in 56 sites and 135 samples were collected and analyzed. The analyses focus on the determination of particle size, plasticity, nature and mineralogy as the main characteristics for assessing the suitability of the raw clays to make CEB. These analyses allow for classifying the sampled clay deposits in three categories: clays that can be used unchanged to make CEB (2 clay deposits), clays that are suitable for the manufacture of CEB but require addition of sand and gravel particles (13 clay deposits) and clays that are suitable for the manufacture of CEB if they are mixed with other raw clays (4 clay deposits). In order to verify the use of these clays, five of them served as a model for making CEB. The strength of these bricks was evaluated by testing for compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The results of these tests confirm the suitability or not of the sampled clays for the manufacture of CEB.

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