Materials Data Science for Microstructural Characterization of Archaeological Concrete

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ushizima ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Paulo J.M. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
Roman Concrete ◽  
Final Composition

ABSTRACTAncient Roman concrete presents exceptional durability, low-carbon footprint, and interlocking minerals that add cohesion to the final composition. Understanding of the structural characteristics of these materials using X-ray tomography (XRT) is of paramount importance in the process of designing future materials with similar complex heterogeneous structures. We introduce Materials Data Science algorithms centered on image analysis of XRT that support inspection and quantification of microstructure from ancient Roman concrete samples. By using XRT imaging, we access properties of two concrete samples in terms of three different material phases as well as estimation of materials fraction, visualization of the porous network and density gradients. These samples present remarkable durability in comparison with the concrete using Portland cement and nonreactive aggregates. Internal structures and respective organization might be the key to construction durability as these samples come from ocean-submersed archeological findings dated from about two thousand years ago. These are preliminary results that highlight the advantages of using non-destructive 3D XRT combined with computer vision and machine learning methods for systematic characterization of complex and irreproducible materials such as archeological samples. One significant impact of this work is the ability to reduce the amount of data for several computations to be held at minimalistic computational infrastructure, near real-time, and potentially during beamtime while materials scientists are still at the imaging facilities.

scholarly journals Austenite Reverse Transformation in a Q&P Route of Mn and Ni Added Steels

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Arribas ◽  
Teresa Gutiérrez ◽  
Eider Del Molino ◽  
Artem Arlazarov ◽  
Irene De Diego-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Reverse Transformation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Final Microstructure

In this work, four low carbon steels with different contents of Mn and Ni were heat treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) cycles where high partitioning temperatures, in the range of 550 °C–650 °C, were applied. In order to elucidate the effect of applying these high partitioning temperatures with respect to more common Q&P cycles, the materials were also heat treated considering a partitioning temperature of 400 °C. The microstructure evolution during the Q&P cycles was studied by means of dilatometry tests. The microstructural characterization of the treated materials revealed that austenite retention strongly depended on the alloy content and partitioning conditions. It was shown that the occurrence of austenite reverse transformation (ART) in the partitioning stage in some of the alloys and conditions was a very effective mechanism to increase the austenite content in the final microstructure. However, the enhancement of tensile properties achieved by the application of high partitioning temperature cycles was not significant.

Microstructural characterization of warm rolled Cr-containing low carbon steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Pereloma ◽  
I.B. Timokhina ◽  
J.J. Jonas ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Low Carbon

Structural Characterization of Micron-scaled Reticulated Copper Foams

2011 ◽  
Vol 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Lin ◽  
Jason H. Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Copper Foam ◽  
Fluid Permeability ◽  
Capillary Fluid ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe development of a multifunctional, micron-scaled, reticulated copper foam that reliably exhibits high intrinsic thermal conductivity, efficient capillary fluid and evaporative transport over a wide area presents a unique challenge. In this work, the relationship of critical foam processing variables such as sintering temperature and template size on the pore size distribution and pore neck/body ratio is investigated using image analysis. The resulting fluid permeability values of these foams are estimated by using the Kozeny Carman equation and the porosity, surface area per unit area and tortuosity obtained through image analysis. Estimating the fluid permeability of these foams is useful for predicting the mass and heat transfer within the porous network, and provides a metric for optimizing the foam’s structural characteristics for a particular application.

Microstructural characterization of a corrosion-resistant hydrotalcite coating on aluminum

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 850-851
Author(s):  
C. A. Drewien ◽  
C. R. Hills ◽  
R. G. Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Aluminum Lithium ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Coatings ◽  
The Impact

Aluminum-lithium-hydroxycarbonate hydrate (Li2Al4CO3(OH)12*3H2O) or hydrotalcite coatings are novel corrosion resistant coatings being considered for replacement of environmentally sensitive chromate conversion coatings. Hydrotalcite coatings provide corrosion protection to aluminum alloys used in atmospheric environments. In order to model the electrochemical corrosion behavior and to assess the impact of changing processing variables on the overall corrosion performance, a detailed baseline characterization of the microstructure was required.Hydrotalcite coatings were formed by immersion of an 1100 aluminum alloy into a room temperature, alkaline bath of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide for 15 minutes. Microstructural characterization of the coating was performed using both scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. In Figure 1a, the secondary electron image of the surface, obtained on a JEOL 6400 SEM operated at 15 kV, reveals a porous network of hydrotalcite crystals oriented perpendicular to the plane of viewing. In order to determine whether the pores were continuous to the substrate and to provide further characterization, crosssectional TEM was performed.

Microstructural Characterization of Crystalline and Quasicrystalline Phases in AlCuFe Alloys.

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 705-706
Author(s):  
G. Rosas ◽  
J. Reyes-Gasga ◽  
R. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Icosahedral Phase ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wheel Casting

Recent interest in the literature on ternary compounds of the AlCuFe type has been prompted by the discovery of stable quasicrystalline phases in these type of alloys (1) . Therefore, different investigationes have been carried out in the past, related with the structural characteristics and also the mechanical properties of these compounds (2) . It is interesting to point out that very few studies have been carried out on the structural characteristics of the phases which commonly coexist with the icosahedral phase in this ternary alloy (3) . In this investigation an assessment of the chemical and structural properties of the phases obtained in alloys of AlCuFe is carried out.Ternary alloys with approximately 20 different compositions have been prepared. The compositional ranges were: Al(60-65%at), Cu(20-25%at) and Fe(10-15%at). The preparation of the alloys used two different casting process; a gravity chill casting technique and also the spin wheel casting method. These casting techniques were able to provide different cooling velocities in the final ingots or metallic strips.

Microstructural Characterization of 3C-SiC Thin Films Grown by Flash Lamp Induced Liquid Phase Epitaxy

2005 ◽  
Vol 483-485 ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ferro ◽  
D. Panknin ◽  
Efstathios K. Polychroniadis ◽  
Yves Monteil ◽  
Wolfgang Skorupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

Thin 3C-SiC films epitaxially grown on Si-substrate are substantially improved by the FLASIC process, which involves irradiation with flash lamps with pulse duration of 20ms. The disadvantages of the standard FLASIC process are the undulations introduced in the SiC film due to melting of the Si-substrate and the Si mass transport near the SiC/Si interface during the flash. An improved structure was realised in order to minimize the undulations of the SiC, improving also the quality of the film. This structure involves the deposition of a silicon overlayer (SOL) on the initial SiC layer, followed by an additional SiC capping layer acting as a source for SiC transfer by liquid phase epitaxy to the lower SiC layer. Significant mass SiC transport from the upper to the lower SiC layer through the SOL occurs during the flash. The new structure is characterized as inverse - FLASiC. The structural characteristics of the new structure were studied by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

Microstructural Characterization of New Super-Ferritic-Martensitic Stainless Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Sérgio Souto Maior Tavares ◽  
Adriana da Cunha Rocha ◽  
Manoel Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Pereira Carneiro da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Nickel Addition ◽  
High Chloride

The demand for high strength materials with improved corrosion resistance boosted the development of supermartensitic steels from conventional martensitic stainless steels The first alloys were designed with 11-13%Cr, extra-low carbon and nickel addition. More recently, experimental alloys with higher Cr (15-17%) and other ferritizing elements (Mo, W, Nb,…) were developed with the aim of obtain higher corrosion resistance in high chloride environments. In this work, the microstructure features of a new 17%Cr stainless steel were investigated.

Weldability Windows for Explosive Cladding of Dissimilar Metals

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somasundaram Saravanan ◽  
K. Raghukandan
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Explosive Cladding ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Analytical Estimation ◽  
Weldability Window

Explosive welding is achieved by the application of pressure, released from explosives, sufficient to cause large plastic deformation at the interface of dissimilar metals being welded. This study addresses the analytical estimation of the weldability domain for Aluminium-Low carbon steel and Copper-Stainless steel combinations. The use of an interlayer is proposed for the control of kinetic energy loss to alleviate the formation of intermetallics at the interface. Welding window the analytical estimation to determine the nature of interface was formulated using empirical relations proposed by various researchers and was verified experimentally. The lower limit of weldability window in three dimensions is developed in this study. Microstructural characterization of interfaces shows a wavy morphology in concurrence with the design expectations.

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