The Effects of Graphene Oxide and Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Enzymatic Activity of Microbial Transglutaminase in Gelatin

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 879-887
Author(s):  
Rebecca Isseroff ◽  
Jerry Reyes ◽  
Roshan Reddy ◽  
Nicholas Williams ◽  
Miriam Rafailovich
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Microbial Transglutaminase ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Gelatin Solution ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

ABSTRACTA significant drawback of enzyme use in industrial applications is its lack of stability. Graphene oxide (GO) has previously been investigated for enzyme immobilization and enhancement of enzymatic catalysis. Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is an enzyme that is used to modify food proteins, increase durability of textiles, and crosslink hydrogels for drug delivery. We tested the effects of adding GO and partially reduced GO (pRGO) to water solutions of gelatin and then crosslinking it with MTG, measuring both the resulting gelatin modulus and then the time it took for the onset of gelation. We found that the presence of pRGO in a gelatin-MTG-water mixture (when using 0.75 g MTG in 10 ml of gelatin solution) significantly increases the modulus by 60% more than the control. Using this same concentration of MTG, we measured the onset of gelation time and found that pRGO in gelatin solution reduces the onset of gelation time by nearly 50% while inducing a very large increase in viscosity by three orders of magnitude, whereas the addition of GO increases the onset of gelation time by 33% and decreases the viscosity of the gel by more than one order of magnitude. The very large enhancement by pRGO of the viscosity may be due to pRGO’s electron withdrawing ability and/or may also be due to adsorption of gelatin to the pRGO platelets which effectively increases the crosslinking density through non-enzymatic processes assisting the enzymatic activity.

Improved enzymatic activity by oriented immobilization on graphene oxide with tunable surface heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 108788
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Zhou ◽  
Yuan Rao ◽  
Wei Zhuang ◽  
Lei Ge ◽  
Rijia Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Oriented Immobilization

scholarly journals Current industrial applications of microbial transglutaminase: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Aqeel Sahibzada Muhammad ◽  
Al-Adeeb Abdulqader ◽  
Waleed AL-Ansi ◽  
Bilal Mushtaq Sajid ◽  
Hend Al-Jaberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Microbial Transglutaminase

scholarly journals Reduced Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for the Determination of Palmitic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chin Boon Ching ◽  
Jaafar Abdullah ◽  
Nor Azah Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Electrochemical Approach ◽  
Screen Printed

Palm oil is one of the major oils and fats produced in the world today. The quality of palm oil is crucial to be investigated, and one of the quality indices is free fatty acid (FFA) content. Therefore, in this study, an electrochemical approach for the determination of FFA has been explored as an alternative to replace the conventional method (titration method). The electrochemical method was developed based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) via drop-casting technique. The voltammetric behaviour of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (VK3) in the presence of palmitic acid at the modified electrode was investigated in an acetonitrile/water mixture containing lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). The electrochemical detection of palmitic acid was based on the voltammetric reduction of VK3 to form the corresponding hydroquinone which is proportional to the concentration of palmitic acid. Under optimum conditions, the developed method showed a good linear relationship towards palmitic acid in the concentration ranging from 0.192 mM to 0.833 mM with the detection limit of 0.015 mM. The exploration of the developed system is expected to achieve high sensitivity and excellent selectivity towards the determination of FFA content in palm oil.

Graphene Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Wei Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Two Dimensional

This chapter reviews recent development of graphene-based polymer composites. The formation of graphene oxide and graphene are a vital two dimensional (2D) material has received a lot of research interest in commercialization aspect due to its excellent electrical, thermal as well as mechanical properties at very low filler content. In this manner, utilization of graphene-based polymer composites with different polymer matrixes have been attracted increasing attention in recent years for both fundamental studies and applied research into industrial applications in many fields. Herein, novel properties of polymer (epoxy, polystyrene, and PANI) / graphene composites will be reviewed along with detailed examples drawn from the scientific literature. Keywords: Graphene-based polymer composites, thermo-mechanical properties, two dimensional (2D) materials

Graphene oxide for fluorescence-mediated enzymatic activity assays

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongje Jang ◽  
Jieon Lee ◽  
Dal-Hee Min
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Enzymatic Activity

scholarly journals Bibliometric approach to the perspectives and challenges of membrane separation processes to remove emerging contaminants from water

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721-1741
Author(s):  
Jéssica Stefanello Cadore ◽  
Lucas Fernando Fabro ◽  
Thuany Garcia Maraschin ◽  
Nara Regina de Souza Basso ◽  
Marçal José Rodrigues Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Research Attention

Abstract The presence of contaminants in water is concerning due to the potential impacts on human health and the environment, and ingested contaminants cause harm in various ways. The conventional water treatment systems are not efficient to remove these contaminants. Therefore, novel techniques and materials for the removal of contaminants are increasingly being developed. The separation process using modified membranes can remove these micropollutants; therefore, they have attracted significant research attention. Among the materials used for manufacturing of these membranes, composites based on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are preferred owing to their promising properties, such as mechanical resistance, thermal and chemical stability, antifouling capacity, water permeability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high optical transmittance and high surface area. Membrane separation processes (MSP) can be used as secondary or tertiary treatment during the supply of wastewater. However, the efficient and accessible applications of these technologies are challenging. This study aims to demonstrate the main concepts of membrane separation processes and their application in the removal of emerging contaminants. This study reports bibliometric mapping, relevant data on studies using membranes as water treatment processes, and their viability in industrial applications. The main challenges and perspectives of these technologies are discussed in detail as well.

scholarly journals Mechanism of biosurfactant adsorption to oil/water interfaces from millisecond scale tensiometry measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 20170013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Kong ◽  
Kadi Liis Saar ◽  
Raphael Jacquat ◽  
Liu Hong ◽  
Aviad Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Cyclic Lipopeptide ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Many biological molecules are by their nature amphiphilic and have the ability to act as surfactants, stabilizing interfaces between aqueous and immiscible oil phases. In this paper, we explore the adsorption kinetics of surfactin, a naturally occurring cyclic lipopeptide, at hexadecane/water interfaces and compare and contrast its adsorption behaviour with that of synthetic alkyl benzene sulfonate isomers, through direct measurements of changes in interfacial tension upon surfactant adsorption. We access millisecond time resolution in kinetic measurements by making use of droplet microfluidics to probe the interfacial tension of hexadecane droplets dispersed in a continuous water phase through monitoring their deformation when the droplets are exposed to shear flows in a microfluidic channel with regular corrugations. Our results reveal that surfactin rapidly adsorbs to the interface, thus the interfacial tension equilibrates within 300 ms, while the synthetic surfactants used undergo adsorption processes at an approximately one order of magnitude longer timescale. The approach presented may provide opportunities for understanding and modulating the adsorption mechanism of amphiphiles on a variety of interfaces in the context of life sciences and industrial applications.

The influence of salts and temperature on enzymatic activity of microbial transglutaminase

Food Control ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kütemeyer ◽  
M. Froeck ◽  
H.-D. Werlein ◽  
B.M. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Transglutaminase
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