Starch-Cellulose-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Obtained by a Low-Cost Cleanroom-Free Processing Method

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 1315-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ccorahua ◽  
Alexsandra Cordero ◽  
Clemente Luyo ◽  
María Quintana ◽  
Emir Vela
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Complex Equipment ◽  
First Time

To date only few low-cost bio-based materials have been reported to be useful as TENGs. However, they still keep employing costly nanofabrication techniques. Herein, a new bio-based starch-cellulose TENG is fabricated without using complex equipment for the first time. Our results showed that, depending on the film thickness, electric outputs varied from 60 mV to 300 mV per 4 cm2 area. The thicker the film, the lower the electrical outputs, and vice versa. Moreover, FTIR-ATR analysis also showed that no chemical modification was made on the surface of starch after casting. Therefore, starch remained unmodified at the time of characterization, being this performance proper of a pristine starch. In addition, though organic starch isolation, fabrication of the proposed TENG was entirely handmade, thus avoiding use of complex equipment of nano- and micro-fabrication which resulted in the development of an eco-friendly TENG with very good performance according to the state-of-the-art.

scholarly journals UV Inscription and Pressure Induced Long-Period Gratings through 3D Printed Amplitude Masks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Liliana M. Sousa ◽  
Ana M. Rocha ◽  
Rogério Nogueira ◽  
Lúcia Bilro
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Gratings ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
First Time

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the capability to inscribe long-period gratings (LPGs) with UV radiation using simple and low cost amplitude masks fabricated with a consumer grade 3D printer. The spectrum obtained for a grating with 690 µm period and 38 mm length presented good quality, showing sharp resonances (i.e., 3 dB bandwidth < 3 nm), low out-of-band loss (~0.2 dB), and dip losses up to 18 dB. Furthermore, the capability to select the resonance wavelength has been demonstrated using different amplitude mask periods. The customization of the masks makes it possible to fabricate gratings with complex structures. Additionally, the simplicity in 3D printing an amplitude mask solves the problem of the lack of amplitude masks on the market and avoids the use of high resolution motorized stages, as is the case of the point-by-point technique. Finally, the 3D printed masks were also used to induce LPGs using the mechanical pressing method. Due to the better resolution of these masks compared to ones described on the state of the art, we were able to induce gratings with higher quality, such as low out-of-band loss (0.6 dB), reduced spectral ripples, and narrow bandwidths (~3 nm).

A low-cost asymmetric carbazole-based hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqiao Li ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
Zhanfeng Li ◽  
Jinbo Chen ◽  
Qinjun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached their highest efficiency with the state-of-the-art hole-transporting material (HTM) spiro-OMeTAD.

A NEW LAYOUT DESIGN SYSTEM FOR MULTICHIP MODULES

1995 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 509-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNHARD M. RIESS ◽  
ANDREAS A. SCHOENE
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Design System ◽  
Multichip Modules ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Cut Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Three Components

A new layout design system for multichip modules (MCMs) consisting of three components is described. It includes a k-way partitioning approach, an algorithm for pin assignment, and a placement package. For partitioning, we propose an analytical technique combined with a problem-specific multi-way ratio cut method. This method considers fixed module-level pad positions and assigns the cells to regularly arranged chips on the MCM substrate. In the subsequent pin assignment step the chip-level pads resulting from cut nets are positioned on the chip borders. Pin assignment is performed by an efficient algorithm, which profits from the cell coordinates generated by the analytical technique. Global and final placement for each chip is computed by the state-of-the-art placement tools GORDIANL and DOMINO. For the first time, results for MCM layout designs of benchmark circuits with up to 100,000 cells are presented. They show a small number of required chip-level pads, which is the most restricted resource in MCM design, and short total wire lengths.

scholarly journals Manual Resuscitators and Portable Ventilators

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Phillips ◽  
G. A. Skowronski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
The State ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Special Training ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Complex Equipment

This paper reviews the state of the art in Australia of manually operated, self-inflating bag resuscitators, including the Laerdal, Air Viva and Ambu; manually operated bags dependent upon an oxygen supply, including Mapleson B, C, E and F, the CIG Medishield Oxy-Saver and modified Oxy-Viva Resuscitator 3, and the Komesaroff Oxy-Resuscitator RD85; oxygen-powered resuscitators, including the Oxy-Viva Resuscitator 3 with Demand and RM2 Valves, and the Oxylife FM85; and portable ventilators, including the Drager Oxylog, and Ohmeda Logic 07. Specific comment is made to the effect that the design of the resuscitator is often less important than the knowledge and ability of the operator in using the equipment to achieve adequate lung ventilation. The simplest, cheapest, most useful resuscitators are the manually operated self-inflating bag assemblies. With special training, use of more complex equipment can be justified in some circumstances. The more complex the equipment, the greater the risk of inappropriate use, and the greater the risk of equipment malfunction unless a regular maintenance program is followed.

scholarly journals Utilización de la Comunicación por Radiofrecuencia para la Detección de Vehículos en Movimiento: Revisión del Estado del Arte

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony García ◽  
Yessica Sáez ◽  
José Muñoz ◽  
Ignacio Chang ◽  
Héctor Montes Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Detection Of Objects ◽  
Public Transportation System

This article presents the state of the art on the use of radiofrequency communication for the detection of objects and vehicles in motion, through the interaction between transmitter and receiver devices using ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands. By quantifying parameters such as the absence or presence of signals and their intensity, it is possible to approximate the distance between an emitting device and a receiver, localized in the vehicle and a fixed point, respectively . The study of the methodologies used in this article aims to develop a system oriented to guide people with visual disabilities in the public transportation system, taking advantage of the main characteristics of radiofrequency communication: low cost, easy implementation and full compatibility with electronic boards built on embedded systems.Keywords: radiofrequency, ISM bands, detection of vehicles in motion, support for visual disability people, ETA

The State-of-the-Art of Gas-Liquid Compact Separator Control Technology: From Lab to Field

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoubo Wang ◽  
Luis Gomez ◽  
Ram Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham ◽  
Gene Kouba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Liquid Separator

Conventional gas-liquid separators are vessel-type with simple level, and pressure control since the residence time is large. Compact gas-liquid separators, such as Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©), have emerged recently as alternatives to reduce size and increase separation efficiency for offshore and subsea applications. As compared to the vessel-type separators, compact separators, are simple, low-cost, low-weight, require little maintenance and are easy to install and operate. However, the residence time of the GLCC is very small. Consequently, it can get upset easily due to high flow variations at the inlet, for example, slugging, without the aid of fast and accurate control systems. In the past, lack of understanding of control system dynamics and design tools have prevented this technology from fast field deployment. The objective of this study is to present a review of the compact gas-liquid separator (GLCC) control technology. This includes the development of control strategies, control system design, dynamic simulation, experimental investigation and field applications. The performance of compact gas-liquid separator (GLCC) strongly depends on the liquid level and/or separating pressure. In this investigation, several control strategies have been developed for field applications of gas-liquid compact separators. Especially, an optimal control strategy was developed for handling slug flow and optimizing the system performance in terms of reduced or eliminated liquid carry-over (LCO) or gas carry-under (GCU). The developed strategies have been used for the design of several GLCC applications, currently in operation in the field. Details of these applications are also presented. This study provides the state-of-the-art of gas-liquid compact separator control technology from the lab to field.

scholarly journals Application of Low-Cost Sensors for Building Monitoring: A Systematic Literature Review

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Behnam Mobaraki ◽  
Fidel Lozano-Galant ◽  
Rocio Porras Soriano ◽  
Francisco Javier Castilla Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
The State ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Scopus Database

In recent years, many scholars have dedicated their research to the development of low-cost sensors for monitoring of various parameters. Despite their high number of applications, the state of the art related to low-cost sensors in building monitoring has not been addressed. To fill this gap, this article presents a systematic review, following well-established methodology, to analyze the state of the art in two aspects of structural and indoor parameters of buildings, in the SCOPUS database. This analysis allows to illustrate the potential uses of low-cost sensors in the building sector and addresses the scholars the preferred communication protocols and the most common microcontrollers for installation of low-cost monitoring systems. In addition, special attention is paid to describe different areas of the two mentioned fields of building monitoring and the most crucial parameters to be monitored in buildings. Finally, the deficiencies in line with limited number of studies carried out in various fields of building monitoring are overviewed and a series of parameters that ought to be studied in the future are proposed.

scholarly journals A Novel SAT-Based Approach to Model Based Diagnosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 377-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Metodi ◽  
R. Stern ◽  
M. Kalech ◽  
M. Codish
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Minimal Cardinality ◽  
Model Based ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

This paper introduces a novel encoding of Model Based Diagnosis (MBD) to Boolean Satisfaction (SAT) focusing on minimal cardinality diagnosis. The encoding is based on a combination of sophisticated MBD preprocessing algorithms and the application of a SAT compiler which optimizes the encoding to provide more succinct CNF representations than obtained with previous works. Experimental evidence indicates that our approach is superior to all published algorithms for minimal cardinality MBD. In particular, we can determine, for the first time, minimal cardinality diagnoses for the entire standard ISCAS-85 and 74XXX benchmarks. Our results open the way to improve the state-of-the-art on a range of similar MBD problems.

scholarly journals Semantic Hyperlapse: a Sparse Coding-based and Multi-Importance Approach for First-Person Videos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel M. Silva ◽  
Mario F. M. Campos ◽  
Erickson R. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
First Person ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
Visual Results

The availability of low-cost and high-quality wearable cameras combined with the unlimited storage capacity of video-sharing websites have evoked a growing interest in First-Person Videos. Such videos are usually composed of long-running unedited streams captured by a device attached to the user body, which makes them tedious and visually unpleasant to watch. Consequently, it raises the need to provide quick access to the information therein. We propose a Sparse Coding based methodology to fast-forward First-Person Videos adaptively. Experimental evaluations show that the shorter version video resulting from the proposed method is more stable and retain more semantic information than the state-of-the-art. Visual results and graphical explanation of the methodology can be visualized through the link: https://youtu.be/rTEZurH64ME

scholarly journals Transient events in bright debris discs: Collisional avalanches revisited

2018 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. A98 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thebault ◽  
Q. Kral
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Transient Structures ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

Context. A collisional avalanche is set off by the breakup of a large planetesimal, releasing vast amounts of small unbound grains that enter a debris disc located further away from the star, triggering there a collisional chain reaction that could potentially create detectable transient structures. Aims. We investigate this mechanism, using for the first time a fully self-consistent code coupling dynamical and collisional evolutions. We also quantify for the first time the photometric evolution of the system and investigate whether or not avalanches could explain the short-term luminosity variations recently observed in some extremely bright debris discs. Methods. We use the state-of-the-art LIDT-DD code. We consider an avalanche-favoring A6V star, and two set-ups: a “cold disc” case, with a dust release at 10 au and an outer disc extending from 50 to 120 au, and a “warm disc” case with the release at 1 au and a 5−12 au outer disc. We explore, in addition, two key parameters: the density (parameterized by its optical depth τ) of the main outer disc and the amount of dust released by the initial breakup. Results. We find that avalanches could leave detectable structures on resolved images, for both “cold” and “warm” disc cases, in discs with τ of a few 10-3, provided that large dust masses (≳1020−5 × 1022 g) are initially released. The integrated photometric excess due to an avalanche is relatively limited, less than 10% for these released dust masses, peaking in the λ ~ 10−20 μm domain and becoming insignificant beyond ~40–50 μm. Contrary to earlier studies, we do not obtain stronger avalanches when increasing τ to higher values. Likewise, we do not observe a significant luminosity deficit, as compared to the pre-avalanche level, after the passage of the avalanche. These two results concur to make avalanches an unlikely explanation for the sharp luminosity drops observed in some extremely bright debris discs. The ideal configuration for observing an avalanche would be a two-belt structure, with an inner belt (at ~1 or ~10 au for the “warm” and “cold” disc cases, respectively) of fractional luminosity f ≳ 10-4 where breakups of massive planetesimals occur, and a more massive outer belt, with τ of a few 10-3, into which the avalanche chain reaction develops and propagates.

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