scholarly journals Investigation of Perovskite Solar Cells Employing Chemical Vapor Deposited Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Layers

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (51) ◽  
pp. 3069-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Stümmler ◽  
Simon Sanders ◽  
Pascal Pfeiffer ◽  
Noah Wickel ◽  
Gintautas Simkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Bismuth Iodide ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

ABSTRACTAlthough Pb-based perovskite solar cells already achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) beyond 20 %, the use of toxic Pb is causing considerable environmental concern. As a consequence, a variety of alternative cations have been investigated to replace Pb2+ in the perovskite structure. Methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9, MBI) has shown promising results for environmentally benign and chemically stable devices. While the PCE of MBI-based solar cells are still comparably low, structural improvements have been made by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). CVD allows for the well-controlled formation of coherent and dense MBI layers in contrast to solution-processing. In this work, CVD as a possible MBI fabrication method for efficient and size-scalable solar cells is discussed. The precursors MA iodide (MAI) and Bi iodide (BiI3) are deposited in an alternating deposition process forming the desired MBI perovskite on the heated substrate. Substrate temperatures as well as deposition times of each precursor are varied with the aim of forming coherent and dense MBI layers. Optimized films are further processed to solar cell prototypes and compared with solution-processed reference devices. The results reveal that CVD possesses great potential to enable the manufacture of MBI photovoltaic (PV) devices processed in a solvent-free environment.

scholarly journals Chemical vapor deposited polymer layer for efficient passivation of planar perovskite solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 20122-20132
Author(s):  
Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand ◽  
Farid Behboodi-Sadabad ◽  
Abed Alrhman Eliwi ◽  
Vanessa Trouillet ◽  
Alexander Welle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Polymer Layer ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Passivation Layers ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Controlling the thickness and homogeneity of thin passivation layers on polycrystalline perovskite thin films is challenging. We report CVD polymerization of poly(p-xylylene) layers at controlled substrate temperatures for efficient surface passivation of perovskite films.

Showerhead-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perovskite Films for Solar Cell Application

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
S. Sanders ◽  
D. Stümmler ◽  
J. D. Gerber ◽  
J. H. Seidel ◽  
G. Simkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

AbstractIn the last years, perovskite solar cells have attracted great interest in photovoltaic (PV) research due to their possibility to become a highly efficient and low-cost alternative to silicon solar cells. Cells based on the widely used Pb-containing perovskites have reached power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of more than 20 %. One of the major hurdles for the rapid commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics is the lack of deposition tools and processes for large areas. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an appealing technique because it is scalable and furthermore features superior process control and reproducibility in depositing high-purity films. In this work, we present a novel showerhead-based CVD tool to fabricate perovskite films by simultaneous delivery of precursors from the gas phase. We highlight the control of the perovskite film composition and properties by adjusting the individual precursor deposition rates. Providing the optimal supply of precursors results in stoichiometric perovskite films without any detectable residues.

Interface Reactions in CdTe Solar Cell Processing

1997 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Albin ◽  
R. Dhere ◽  
A. Swartzlander-Guest ◽  
D. Rose ◽  
X. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells ◽  
Interface Reactions ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Solar Conversion ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
High Processing

AbstractCurrently, the best performing CdS/CdTe solar cells use a superstrate structure in which CdTe is deposited on a heated CdS/SnO2/Glass substrate. In the close-spaced-sublimation (CSS) process, substrate temperatures in the range 550°C to 620°C are common. Understanding how these high processing temperatures impact reactions at the CdS/CdTe interface in addition to reactions between previously deposited layers is critical. At the SnO2/CdS interface we have determined that SnO2 can be susceptible to reduction, particularly in H2 ambients. Room-temperature sputtered SnO2 shows the most susceptibility. In contrast, higher growth temperature chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SnO2 appears to be much more stable. Elimination of unstable SnO2 layers, and the substitution of thermal treatments for H2 anneals has produced total-area solar conversion efficiencies of 13.6% using non-optimized SnO2 substrates and chemical-bath deposited (CBD) CdS. Alloying and interdiffusion at the CdS/CdTe interface was studied using a new lift-off approach which allows enhanced compositional and structural analysis at the interface. Small-grained CdS, grown by a low-temperature CBD process, results in more CdTe1-x.Sx alloying (x=12–13%) relative to larger-grained CdS grown by high-temperature CSS (x7sim;2–3%). Interdiffusion of S and Te at the interface, measured with lift-off samples, appears to be inversely proportional to the amount of oxygen used during the CSS CdTe deposition. Our highest efficiency to date using CSS-grown CdS is 10.7% and was accomplished by eliminating oxygen during the CdTe deposition.

Light-Induced Degradation in Solar Cells with Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon-Sulfur Active Layers

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
P. C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Initial Conversion

AbstractWe have made a series of a-SiSx:H based solar cells, with a pin structure, in a multichamber plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. The sulfur concentration ranges from zero to 5 x 1018 cm-3 as measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The initial conversion efficiencies of cells in this series with sulfur concentrations ≤ 1018 cm-3 are approximately 7%. The time constants for degradation increase with increasing sulfur concentration, but not fast enough to be of practical importance in photovoltaic devices.

scholarly journals Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites Open a New Era for Low-Cost, High Efficiency Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Peng ◽  
Xueqing Xu ◽  
Gang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
New Era ◽  
High Efficiency Solar Cells ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The ramping solar energy to electricity conversion efficiencies of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells during the last five years have opened new doors to low-cost solar energy. The record power conversion efficiency has climbed to 19.3% in August 2014 and then jumped to 20.1% in November. In this review, the main achievements for perovskite solar cells categorized from a viewpoint of device structure are overviewed. The challenges and prospects for future development of this field are also briefly presented.

scholarly journals Oblique Electrostatic Inkjet-Deposited TiO2 Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahiduzzaman ◽  
Toshiharu Sakuma ◽  
Tetsuya Kaneko ◽  
Koji Tomita ◽  
Masao Isomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Important Advance ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this study, a new, simple, and novel oblique electrostatic inkjet (OEI) technique is developed to deposit a titanium oxide (TiO2) compact layer (CL) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate without the need for a vacuum environment for the first time. The TiO2 is used as electron transport layers (ETL) in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This bottom-up OEI technique enables the control of the surface morphology and thickness of the TiO2 CL by simply manipulating the coating time. The OEI-fabricated TiO2 is characterized tested and the results are compared with that of TiO2 CLs produced by spin-coating and spray pyrolysis. The OEI-deposited TiO2 CL exhibits satisfactory surface coverage and smooth morphology, conducive for the ETLs in PSCs. The power-conversion efficiencies of PSCs with OEI-deposited TiO2 CL as the ETL were as high as 13.19%. Therefore, the present study provides an important advance in the effort to develop simple, low-cost, and easily scaled-up techniques. OEI may be a new candidate for depositing TiO2 CL ETLs for highly efficient planar PSCs, thus potentially contributing to future mass production.

scholarly journals Applications of atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition for perovskite solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1997-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Raiford ◽  
Solomon T. Oyakhire ◽  
Stacey F. Bent
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Layer Deposition

A review on the versatility of atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition for the fabrication of stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.

scholarly journals Alternative electrodes for HTMs and noble-metal-free perovskite solar cells: 2D MXenes electrodes

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (59) ◽  
pp. 34152-34157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmei Cao ◽  
Fanning Meng ◽  
Liguo Gao ◽  
Shuzhang Yang ◽  
Yeling Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The 2D Mxene material was successfully used as the counter electrode of the perovskite solar cell and achieved power conversion efficiencies of 13.84%.

Copper Oxide Buffer Layers by Pulsed‐Chemical Vapor Deposition for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 2001482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyong Eom ◽  
Songhee Kim ◽  
Raphael E. Agbenyeke ◽  
Hyunmin Jung ◽  
Seon Min Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Buffer Layers
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