Identification of Chemical Form of Carbon Released from SUS304 and SUS316 in Alkaline Solution under Low-oxygen Condition

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Nakabayashi ◽  
Tomonari Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

ABSTRACTTo classify the chemical form of stable carbon released from unirradiated stainless steel, which is the material used to simulate irradiated stainless steel, under highly alkaline and low-oxygen conditions, type 304 and 316 stainless-steel powders were immersed in 0.005 M NaOH solution. Gas and liquid samples were analyzed to identify the chemical form of carbon released from the stainless steel. The liquid samples were divided into unfiltered and filtered samples. In the gaseous phase, hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane were not detected. In the liquid phase, carboxylic acids (formic and acetic acids) were detected. However, the sum of the carbon concentrations of the carboxylic acids was significantly lower than the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in the unfiltered samples. In the filtered samples, the TOC concentration was closer to the sum of the carbon concentrations than that for the unfiltered samples. In addition, the concentrations of the metallic elements (particularly Fe and Cr), which are the main constituents of the stainless steels, tended to decrease upon ultrafiltration. This suggests that the sorption of carbon on metallic compounds (e.g., colloidal iron hydroxide) may have occurred.

scholarly journals Identification of chemical form of stable carbon released from type 304L and 316L stainless-steel powders in alkaline and acidic solutions under low-oxygen conditions

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1691-1710
Author(s):  
Ryo Nakabayashi ◽  
Tomonari Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Colloidal Carbon ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution

ABSTRACTThe chemical form of14C released from irradiated stainless steel is a key parameter in the safety assessment of the subsurface disposal system in Japan. In this study, to identify the chemical form of the released carbon, unirradiated stainless-steel powders, which were found to be water-atomized powders with a silicon oxide film, were immersed in NaOH and HCl solutions under low-oxygen conditions for approximately 25 days. The results showed that the main chemical forms of the carbon were colloidal carbon in the NaOH solution and colloidal carbon and formic and acetic acids in the HCl solution. Almost no hydrocarbons were detected in both solution systems. Concerning the source of the colloidal carbon and carboxylic acids, the hypothesis that carbon in the oxide layer is released is considered to be reasonable. The very small amounts of hydrocarbons generated prevented us from discussing the source of the hydrocarbons. To validate the hypothesis and obtain further information on the hydrocarbons, additional experiments are necessary. In particular, for long-term safety assessment, it is important to determine whether the colloidal carbon, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons are continuously released during the corrosion process. Therefore, information on the temporal evolution of the carbon should be obtained.

Corrosion Behavior of Iron-Chrome Alloys in Liquid Bismuth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihide Takai ◽  
Tomohiro Furukawa ◽  
Shigeki Watanabe ◽  
Noriko S. Ishioka
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Target System ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Fecral Alloy ◽  
Liquid Bismuth ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Bismuth Target

Abstract For the mass production of astatine-211, a promising radiopharmaceutical for cancer treatment, the National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology has proposed the innovative “Liquid Bismuth Target System.” The target window in this system must be made from a material that resists the highly corrosive liquid bismuth environment. To meet this requirement, a promising target window material was selected in corrosion experiments performed in stagnant liquid bismuth. Based on knowledge of corrosion in liquid lead–bismuth eutectic gained during the development of fast reactors and accelerator-driven subcritical systems, FeCrMo–alloy, FeCrAl–alloy, and austenitic stainless steel (as a reference) were selected as the specimen materials. Experiments were carried out under saturated dissolved oxygen and low oxygen conditions, and the corrosion behaviors of the specimens were evaluated, mainly by scanning electron microscopy. The FeCrAl–alloy exhibited the most excellent corrosion resistance, followed by FeCrMo–alloy. Both materials are suitable candidates for the target window. Although austenitic stainless steel was less corrosion resistant than the former two materials, it is a likely applicable for the target window under appropriately limited operation conditions (such as irradiation current and exposure time) of the liquid bismuth target system.

The Fine Structure of Glycocalyx in Human Spermatozoa. A High Resolution Cytochemical Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
P. Hernández-Jáuregui ◽  
A. Sosa ◽  
A. González Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Charge ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Specific Permeability ◽  
Extracellular Glycoprotein ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Glycocalyx is the name given by Bennett to the extracellular glycoprotein coat present in some cell surfaces. It appears to play an important role in cell properties such as antigenicity, cell adhesivity, specific permeability, and ATP ase activity. In the sperm this coat can be directly related to such important phenomena as capacitation and fertilization. The presence of glycocalyx in invertebrate spermatozoa has already been demonstrated. Recently Yanagimachi et al. has determined the negative charges on sperm surfaces of mammalian spermatozoa including man, using colloidal iron hydroxide. No mention was made however of the outer surface coat as composed of substances other than those confering a negative charge. The purpose of this work was therefore to determine the presence of a glycocalyx in human spermatozoa using alcian blue and lanthanum staining.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Lei Xuan ◽  
Jianfeng Hua ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

Pilot-scale production of cloudy juice from low-quality pear fruit under low-oxygen conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domien De Paepe ◽  
Katleen Coudijzer ◽  
Bart Noten ◽  
Dirk Valkenborg ◽  
Kelly Servaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Pilot Scale Production ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

scholarly journals The radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under low oxygen conditions is in vitro not dependent on functional HIF-1 protein

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Wouters ◽  
Bea Pauwels ◽  
Natalie Burrows ◽  
Marc Baay ◽  
Vanessa Deschoolmeester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

scholarly journals Do low oxygen environments facilitate marine invasions? Relative tolerance of native and invasive species to low oxygen conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2321-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo E. Lagos ◽  
Diego R. Barneche ◽  
Craig R. White ◽  
Dustin J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Marine Invasions ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

Benthic foraminiferal response to relative sea-level changes in the Maastrichtian–Danian succession at the Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERIF FAROUK ◽  
SREEPAT JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Level Curve ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Benthic Environment ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Dakhla Oasis ◽  
Regional Tectonics

AbstractThe Maastrichtian–Danian benthic foraminiferal diversity and assemblages through sequence stratigraphy were studied at Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Benthic foraminifera numbers (BFN), high-flux species and characteristic benthic foraminiferal species and genera distribution are also incorporated to assess palaeobathymetry, palaeoenvironment and palaeoproductivity. All these proxies are then taken together to construct a sea-level curve and interpreted in terms of regional tectonics, climate and eustasy. Data suggest a remarkably highly equitable benthic environment deposited in a brackish littoral and/or marsh setting with moderate (?) to low oxygen conditions and reduced salinity (oligotrophic), possibly due to increased precipitation and terrestrial runoff. The interrupted dominance of calcareous forms and high-organic-flux species suggests occasional marine incursions and high palaeoproductivity, due to local upwelling. The inferred sea-level curve replicates the global eustatic curve and suggests that the curve is more influenced by the prevailing climate and global eustasy rather than by regional tectonics. The post-Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary displays improvement in the environment in terms of diversity and number of species and specimens, with a marked reduction in the abundance of high-organic-flux species during early Paleocene (Danian) time, indicating a shift from a more mesotrophic open marine environment to much reduced oligotrophic conditions.

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