Novel Silver-Polymer Blend with High Conductivity and Stretchability for Flexible Interconnects

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (51) ◽  
pp. 3471-3476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jignesh Vanjaria ◽  
Todd Houghton ◽  
Hongbin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Composite Matrix ◽  
Medical Sensors ◽  
Silver Flakes ◽  
Stretchable Interconnects ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Stretchable Interconnect

ABSTRACTStretchable and flexible electronic devices have gained significant attention in recent years, as they can be integrated into many systems such as medical sensors, displays, and robots. One of the primary areas of research is designing stretchable interconnects which provide adequate conductivity and mechanical robustness. Metal-based interconnects have been reported to have the highest conductivity, but are not stretchable enough, while elastomer interconnects are not conductive enough. In this paper we report on a silver polymer blend composite that provides excellent conductivity, stretchability and flexibility for use as a stretchable interconnect. The composite was prepared by dispersing silver flakes in a Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and poly(3,4-ethyl-ene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT):Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) polymer mixture. Silver was chosen as it has the highest conductivity of all metals, while the PEDOT:PSS/PVA- H3PO4 blend was chosen as the blend offers a practical trade-off between conductivity and stretchability for the composite matrix. The polymer blend provides conductive pathways between the silver flakes, leading to the blend’s superior electrical properties, even at large deformations. The synthesis process of the composite material, along with the observed electrical and mechanical properties under various straining conditions of the composite will be presented in detail.

scholarly journals An update on smart biocatalysts for industrial and biomedical applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20180062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Shakya ◽  
Kutty Selva Nandakumar
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Smart Polymer ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Enzyme Changes ◽  
Significant Attention

Recently, smart biocatalysts, where enzymes are conjugated to stimuli-responsive (smart) polymers, have gained significant attention. Based on the presence or absence of external stimuli, the polymer attached to the enzyme changes its conformation to protect the enzyme from the external environment and regulate the enzyme activity, thus acting as a molecular switch. Owing to this behaviour, smart biocatalysts can be separated easily from a reaction mixture and re-used several times. Several such smart polymer-based biocatalysts have been developed for industrial and biomedical applications. In addition, they have been used in biosensors, biometrics and nano-electronic devices. This review article covers recent advances in developing different kinds of stimuli-responsive enzyme bioconjugates, including conjugation strategies, and their applications.

Interconnects for Elastically Stretchable and Deformable Electronic Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyelle Jones ◽  
S.P. Lacour ◽  
Sigurd Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Shadow Mask ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
Stretchable Interconnects

AbstractDeformable, large-area electronic surfaces are desirable for many human-machine interfaces. The goal of our research is to fabricate elastically deformable electronics by integrating electronic devices and stretchable interconnects onto a flexible substrate. The focus of this paper is the fabrication and electrical performance of the stretchable interconnects. Au was deposited onto a silicone elastomer (PDMS) and patterned to achieve a resolution of 2 μm. Two patterning techniques are presented: patterning by shadow mask and patterning by photolithography. Photolithographic patterning on PDMS is not straightforward. First, we discuss the challenges in patterning and then the morphology of lines patterned by both techniques. The electrical resistance of the Au lines under tensile strain is presented. Interconnects patterned by shadow mask remain electrically conductive up to 100 % strain. Those patterned by photolithography maintain electrical conductivity when strained up to 60 %.

scholarly journals The Effect of Encapsulation Geometry on the Performance of Stretchable Interconnects

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mosallaei ◽  
Jarno Jokinen ◽  
Mikko Kanerva ◽  
Matti Mäntysalo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Silver Flake ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Stretchable Interconnects ◽  
Screen Printed

The stretchability of electronic devices is typically obtained by tailoring the stretchable interconnects that link the functional units together. The durability of the interconnects against environmental conditions, such as deformation and chemicals, is therefore important to take into account. Different approaches, including encapsulation, are commonly used to improve the endurance of stretchable interconnects. In this paper, the geometry of encapsulation layer is initially investigated using finite element analysis. Then, the stretchable interconnects with a narrow-to-wide layout are screen-printed using silver flake ink as a conductor on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate. Printed ultraviolet (UV)-curable screen-printed dielectric ink and heat-laminated TPU film are used for the encapsulation of the samples. The electromechanical tests reveal a noticeable improvement in performance of encapsulated samples compared to non-protected counterparts in the case of TPU encapsulation. The improvement is even greater with partial coverage of the encapsulation layer. A device with a modified encapsulation layer can survive for 10,000 repetitive cycles at 20% strain, while maintaining the electrical and mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Tin dioxide-based nanomaterials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1200-1221
Author(s):  
Minkang Wang ◽  
Tianrui Chen ◽  
Tianhao Liao ◽  
Xinglong Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Significant Attention

The development of new electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted significant attention because commercial anode materials in LIBs, like graphite, may not be able to meet the increasing energy demand of new electronic devices.

scholarly journals Recent advances in g-C3N4 based gas sensors for the detection of toxic and flammable gases: a review

Nano Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijendra Singh Bhati ◽  
Vishakha Takhar ◽  
Ramesh Raliya ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Rupak Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
2D Nanomaterials ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract In recent years, many 2D nanomaterials like graphene, MoS2, phosphorene, and metal oxide nanosheets have been investigated for gas sensing applications due to their excellent properties. Amongst other 2D nanomaterials, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted significant attention owing to its simple synthesis process, tunable electronic properties, and exceptional physicochemical properties. Such remarkable properties assert g-C3N4 as a potential candidate for the next-generation high-performance gas sensors employed in the detection of toxic and flammable gases. Although several articles and reviews are available on g-C3N4 for their synthesis, functionalities, and applications for the detection of humidity. Few of them has focused their attention on gas sensing using g-C3N4. Thus, in this review, we have methodically summed up the recent advances in g-C3N4 and its composites-based gas sensor for the detection of toxic and flammable gases. Moreover, we have also incorporated the synthesis strategies and the comprehensive physics of g-C3N4 based gas sensors. Additionally, different approaches are presented for the enhancement of gas sensing/detecting properties of g-C3N4 based gas sensors. Finally, the challenges and future scope of g-C3N4 based gas sensors for real-time monitoring of gases have been discussed.

Graphene Metrology Using Fluorescence Quenching of Different Fluorescent Dyes

2012 ◽  
Vol 1451 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Hosseini Bay ◽  
Maziar Ghazinejad ◽  
Miroslav Penchev ◽  
Isaac Ruiz ◽  
Zafer Mutlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Fundamental Research

ABSTRACTThe unique structure and properties of graphene initiated broad fundamental and technological research, and highlighted graphene as a new candidate for various applications such as energy storage, solar cells and electronic devices. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been utilized for industrial large-scale synthesis of graphene. Regardless of the synthesis process, graphene should be transferred to arbitrary substrates for different applications. The transfer processes, introduce defects such as wrinkles and cracks in graphene which compromise the properties and applications. In recent years, fundamental research has been focused on characterization of graphene to develop new techniques for large-scale, high-resolution graphene metrology. Herein, a complementary high throughput metrology technique using fluorescent quenching is further investigated for different fluorescent dyes to characterize CVD synthesized graphene.

La1.97Sr0.03Zr2O7 Pyrochlore Powder for Advanced Energy Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Nina Orlovskaya ◽  
Nicholas Miller ◽  
Harry Abernathy ◽  
Daniel Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Pyrochlore Structure ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Protonic Conductors ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glycine Nitrate Combustion ◽  
Significant Attention

Materials with A2B2O7 (pyrochlore) structure have received a significant attention for their applications as new protonic conductors and materials used in electronic devices. One of the unique synthesis routes for La2Zr2O7 (pyrochlore) powders is the glycine-nitrate combustion method, which shows superior properties of the synthesized powder by using glycine as a complexing agent. The Sr doped La2Zr2O7 powders in pure pyrochlore structure were produced using this approach. Selected characteristics of the synthesized powders, such as crystal structure, lattice parameters, crystallite size, the vibrational properties, the morphology of the particles, along with the specific surface area and particle size have been investigated. The dependence of some properties on annealing temperatures of the powders has been studied.

Embedded medical sensors, an emerging technology to monitor hearts, brains, nerves and addressing other medical applications for improved patient care

Sensor Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bloss
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Medical Sensors ◽  
Implanted Medical Devices ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the dramatic entry of embedded medical sensors into the medical monitoring environment. It also examines the current range of applications that have been addressed, trends for additional applications and factors driving this movement. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a review of published information and papers on research as well as contact and discussions with researchers in this field at universities, manufacturers and research centers. Findings Microelectronics and electrochemical technologies have been a major factor in this development along with technology advancements to transmit energy and signals to and from miniature electronic devices, thus eliminating the need for stored energy and wires for transmitting information. Sensors are addressing medical issues in the heart, the brain, cancer treatment and prosthetic control. The move to implanted sensors follows development of other implanted medical devices as well as wearable sensors. Originality/value Readers may be very excited to learn of the many new tasks that embedded medical sensors can address and the many unique benefits that are provided to the patient and the medical staff caring for the patient.

Fabrication and Characterization of Screen Printed Stretchable Carbon Interconnects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (NOR) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mosallaei ◽  
Behnam Khorramdel ◽  
Mari Honkanen ◽  
Pekka Iso-Ketola ◽  
Jukka Vanhala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Implantable Electronics ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Deformable Materials ◽  
Stretchable Interconnects ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Electronic devices that are deformable in arbitrary directions would open up a new generation of applications such as epidermal electronics, implantable electronics and soft robotics. It would not be feasible to fabricate them with conventional rigid materials. To make the electronics stretchable, one can miniaturize the functional units and link them by stretchable interconnects. In this paper, we report a method for fabrication and characterization of stretchable interconnects using deformable materials based on carbon ink and thermoplastic polyurethane. The static resistances of interconnects were on average 296 Ω/□, and half of the samples withstood single strain up to 108 % elongation. Fabricated samples survived a 1000 cycles strain test up to 40 % of stretching.

scholarly journals Stretchability—The Metric for Stretchable Electrical Interconnects

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Plovie ◽  
Frederick Bossuyt ◽  
Jan Vanfleteren
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Electrical Interconnects ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Stretchable Interconnects ◽  
Circuit Technology ◽  
Stretchable Interconnect

Stretchable circuit technology, as the name implies, allows an electronic circuit to adapt to its surroundings by elongating when an external force is applied. Based on this, early authors proposed a straightforward metric: stretchability—the percentage length increase the circuit can survive while remaining functional. However, when comparing technologies, this metric is often unreliable as it is heavily design dependent. This paper aims to demonstrate this shortcoming and proposes a series of alternate methods to evaluate the performance of a stretchable interconnect. These methods consider circuit volume, material usage, and the reliability of the technology. This analysis is then expanded to the direct current (DC) resistance measurement performed on these stretchable interconnects. A simple dead reckoning approach is demonstrated to estimate the magnitude of these measurement errors on the final measurement.

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