scholarly journals Predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Eka Utarini ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Tuti Parwati Merati
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients. This study aims to examine proportion, median time, incidence rate, and predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received ART at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar.Methods: A restrospective cohort study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 207 medical records of HIV/AIDS patients who received ART between 1st of January 2012 and 30th of June 2015 were included in the study. Kaplan Meier analysis was performed to calculate incidence rate and median time of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables included body mass index (BMI), body weight, haemoglobin level, CD4 count, HIV clinical stadium, ART regiments, and opportunistic infections (OIs). Data were analysed using cox proportional hazard model to identify predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients.Results: As many as 65.22% of HIV/AIDS patients who received ART experienced an improvement in their nutritional status with the incidence rate of 9.1 per 100 person months and median time of 6.1 months. Multivariate analysis showed that predictors of improved nutritional status were BMI at ART initiation (AHR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.16-1.5), HIV clinical stadium (AHR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.02-2.06), CD4 count at ART initiation (AHR=0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.99) and the presence of diarrhoea (AHR=1.83; 95%CI: 1.06-3.14).Conclusions: Predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received ART were BMI, HIV clinical stadium, CD4 count and diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Terapi Antiretroviral Pasien HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Ambar Yunita Nugraheni ◽  
Rizki Amelia ◽  
Inesya Febrianing Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hiv Aids

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) bertujuan untuk menurunkan jumlah virus (viral load) serta menghambat perburukan infeksi oportunistik. Ketidakrasionalan terapi ARV akan menyebabkan peningkatan resiko morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta resiko resistensi obat.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi rasionalitas antiretroviral pada pasien HIV/AIDS di rumah sakit umum X Surakarta yang meliputi tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat obat, dan tepat dosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 99 pasien dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil melalui rekam medis pasien HIV/AIDS rawat inap di rumah sakit X Surakarta. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengobatan Antiretroviral (2014), Pedoman Penerapan Terapi HIV pada Anak (2014), Pedoman Nasional Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang Dewasa (2011). Evaluasi dari 99 pasien yang memenuhi inklusi didapatkan hasil 100% tepat indikasi, 88,89% tepat pasien, 96,97% tepat obat dan 96,97% tepat dosis. Rasionalitas penggunaan terapi ARV pada pasien HIV/AIDS di rumah sakit umum X Surakarta sebesar 85,86%.   Katakunci: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, rasionalitas   EVALUATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS   ABSTRACT Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment aims to reduce the amount of virus (viral load) and inhibit opportunistic infections. The irrationality of ARV therapy will cause an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as the risk of drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationality of antiretroviral in HIV/AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta which includes the right indication, the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose. This study was an observational study. The research sample was 99 patients with purposive sampling method. Data was collected from medical records of inpatient HIV / AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta. Data were analyzed descriptively based on Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengobatan Antiretroviral (2014), Pedoman Penerapan Terapi HIV pada Anak (2014), Pedoman Nasional Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang Dewasa (2011). An evaluation of 99 patients showed 100% correct indications, 88,89% right patients, 96,97% right drugs and 96,97% right doses. The rationality of antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta was 85,86%.   Keywords: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, rasionality

scholarly journals Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic at public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261454
Author(s):  
Maycas Dembelu ◽  
Mesfin Kote ◽  
Girma Gilano ◽  
Temesgen Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections (OIs) due to HIV mediated immune suppression. When opportunistic infections occur in the form of relapse or reinfection, it is said to be reoccurrence. This study was aimed to assess Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infections among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending ART clinics in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 450 HIV/AIDS patients attending anti-retro viral therapy (ART) clinics in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used. Kaplan-Meier graph and log rank test were used for group wise comparison. Bivariate and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model were used to identify independent predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection. Result One hundred nineteen HIV/AIDS patient had reoccurrence of opportunistic infection. The incidence rate was 11.5 per 1000 person months. The mean time of reoccurrence was 56 months. One of the most reoccurred OIs was pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Predictors that were associated significantly were recent cell differentiation 4 (CD4) count, recent body mass index (BMI), recent functional status, and duration on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Conclusion Though the incidence rate of OIs decreased from previous findings, attention should be given to HIV patients with low CD4 count, low BMI and for those bedridden patients.

scholarly journals Body mass index increases CD4+ count in HIV/AIDS patients on first-line therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Moch Irfan Hadi ◽  
Mei Lina Fitri Kumalasari ◽  
Evi Iriani Natalia ◽  
Dedi Ananta Purba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background<br />The body mass index (BMI) may contribute somewhat to drug metabolism, thus affecting the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4+ counts   in people infected with HIV are essential in determining the stage of the disease, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections and evaluating treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI and clinical stage with CD4+ counts in HIV patients seeking treatment using first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).<br /><br />Methods<br />An analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 251 HIV/AIDS patients who had received first-line antiretrovirals over six months. BMI, clinical staging according to WHO and CD4 + were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI, clinical stage and CD4+.<br /><br />Results<br />Among the enrolled patients, the median age was 36 years, 135 (55%) of the patients was female, 102 (40.6%) was overweight/obese, 161 (64.1%) was in stage 3 of the disease, and the median CD4+ count was 389 cells/mm3. Multiple linear regression test showed two variables with a significant effect on CD4+ count, namely BMI (B=69.247; 95 % CI : 42.886-95.608) and clinical stage (B=61.590; 28.910-94.270). BMI was the most influencing factor for CD4+ count (β=0.307) compared to clinical stage (β=0.216). <br /><br />Conclusions<br />Body mass index was the most influencing factor for CD4 + counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Regular ART can increase CD4+ counts and maintain the health of HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegu Hailu Gebru ◽  
Haftea Hagos Mekonen ◽  
Kbrom Gemechu Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Undernutrition and HIV/AIDS are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia inclusive as linked in a vicious cycle. Thus, several studies have documented that undernutrition among HIV/AIDS patients increases the risk of mortality, decrease survival rates, affect the overall clinical outcome and quality of life. Despite this fact, information about the burden of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy is lacking in the particular study area. Hence, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIADS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy patients in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional research design was adopted in data collection while systematic sampling technique was employed to sample and select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 394 study subjects through face to face method. Also, data on demographics, laboratory and anthropometric variables were collected from each selected patients sampled. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were used to find factors associated with undernutrition. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated to show the strength of the association. Variables with p-value of < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results The mean age of the respondents was 41 (± 10). Out of 394 study respondents, about 42.9% of them were undernourished (95% CI: 37.8–47.7). Respondents who had CD4+ count less than 200 cells/μl (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1–3.36), being advanced clinical staging (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.11–6.18), and not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.21–4.6) were independently associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The result of this study indicated that the prevalence of undernutrition was high. Respondents with advanced clinical stage of CD4+ count less than 200 cells/ul and those that were not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy was found to be positively associated with undernutrition. Therefore, the implementation of nutritional programs is very crucial to improve the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in the particular study.

scholarly journals THE THE IMPACT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS AT MERPATI CLINIC, WANGAYA HOSPITAL, DENPASAR, BALI, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
PUTU DEWINTA DARMADA ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: Anemia is responsible for poor outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients. It’s related to disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) agent, zidovudine (ZDV) is also known to trigger anemia in the early initiation. However, studies found improved hemoglobin (Hb) levels of HIV/AIDS patients several months after ART routinely taken. This study aims to find the impact and correlation of ART on the hemoglobin level of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was done at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia. Data were collected from medical records and laboratory results. A total sample of 64 HIV/AIDS patients with at least 6 mo on ART was included in this study. Results: Anemia was found in 34 (53.1%) of patients before ART initiation. After taking ART for 6 mo, we observed a significant improvement in patients’ hemoglobin levels, 48 (75%) shows increased hemoglobin levels. The paired t-test revealed a correlation between ART and Hb level (p<0.001). Fourteen (43.8%) patient taking ZDV shows no improvement, even declining of Hb level. Chi-square analysis performed with p = 0.001 to ZDV and lower or no improvement of hemoglobin level. Both results considered statistically significant (p-value less than 0.05) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Relative risk (RR) of no improvement or decline in Hb level is 7 folds higher in the ZDV group than the non-ZDV group. Conclusion: This study concludes that ART affects hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients. Zidovudine regimen is more prone to lower or no increase of Hb.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity, Nutritional Status, and Factors Associated with Malnutrition among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Antiretroviral Therapy at Public Health Facilities in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Yilma Gebremichael ◽  
Kokeb Tesfamariam Hadush ◽  
Ermiyas Mulu Kebede ◽  
Robel Tezera Zegeye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. In resource limited settings, HIV/AIDS patients lack access to sufficient nutritious foods, which poses challenges to the success of antiretroviral therapy. HIV/AIDS and malnutrition are still major public health problems in Ethiopia. Though measuring nutritional status is an essential part of ART program, little evidence exists on food insecurity and nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia. Hence, the study aimed to determine food insecurity and nutritional status and contextual determinants of malnutrition among HIV/AIDS patients in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/ADIS patients who have been attending antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in West Shewa Zone from April to May 2016, Ethiopia. The sample size was 512 and study participants were selected from each facilities using systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire by trained data collectors. Data were entered to Epi-Info 3.5.1 for Windows and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine independent factors associated with malnutrition. Results. Prevalence of malnutrition was 23.6% (95% CI: 19.7%–27.4%) and prevalence of household food insecurity was 35.2% (95% CI: 31.1%–39.0%). Factors significantly associated with malnutrition among HIV/AIDS patients were unemployment (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.8–5.3), WHO clinical stages III/IV (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.8–6.5), CD4 count less than 350 cells/μl (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.8–4.2), tuberculosis (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3–4.9), duration on antiretroviral therapy (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), and household food insecurity (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 2.5–8.3). Conclusions. The findings revealed high prevalence of malnutrition and household food insecurity among HIV/AIDS patients attended ART. The negative interactive effects of undernutrition, inadequate food consumption, and HIV infection demand effective cross-sectorial integrated programs and effective management of opportunistic infections like tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Incidence prevalence and pattern of tuberculosis treatment in HIV/AIDS patients in Regional General Hospital of Bandung city

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Yani Mulyani ◽  
Raden Roro Maryana Ulfah ◽  
Rizki Siti Nurfitria
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV causes a decrease in immunity which makes the patient susceptible to opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis. This research aims to find out the prevalence, patient descriptions’, treatment pattern and therapeutic goals for tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients who were taking the medication in polyclinic of DOTS and polyclinic of VCT in Regional General Hospital Of Bandung City. This was nonexperimental research. Data was collected retrospectively with cross-sectional approach using secondary data which were TB-01 form and HIV Care Summary Form and Antiretroviral Therapy from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018.  From 668 Tuberculosis occurrence, there were 25 patients suffered HIV/AIDS. Result obtained the most risk factors was homosexual (60%), with the most ART treatment combination were Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Evarirenz, 4% has a drug allergic, the most TB treatment history was new case (92%), with the most kind was pulmonary TB (56%), the most Anti TB treatment was category I (92%) and 60% patients done with full therapy

scholarly journals A Comparison on Impact of HIV/AIDS Patients Characteristics On Their Blood Pressure in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 884-890
Author(s):  
Chinazo Anthonia Ezeokeke ◽  
Cecilia Nchedo Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Hiv Aids

The study focused on comparison on impact of HIV/AIDS patient’s characteristics on their blood pressure in Nigeria: a case of NAUTH, COOUTH and Onitsha general hospital in Anambra State. The blood pressure being the response variables are systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure, while the predictor variables being the HIV/AIDS patient’s characteristics are age, baseline count, initial weight, present weight and CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients. The R software package was employed to facilitate the data analysis. The Multivariate Regression Model of the two response variables (Systolic PB and Diastolic PB) was first fitted with the coefficient of determination of 31.88% and 46.80% respectively for NAUTH data, 27.9% and 37.98% respectively for COOUTH data and 97.35% and 57.15% respectively for general hospital, Onitsha data. The test on the significance of the parameters for the multivariate regression for NAUTH data revealed that age and baseline count of HIV/AIDS patients have significant relationship with systolic BP at 5% level of significance, whereas other predictor variables (initial weight, present weight and CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients) are not significant, while in the second model, only age has a significant relationship with diastolic BP, whereas initial weight, present weight, baseline count and CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients do not have significant relationship with diastolic BP at 5% level of significance. The test on the significance of the parameters for the multivariate regression also revealed that only age has significant relationship with systolic and diastolic BP at 5% level of significance, whereas other predictor variables are not significant for both COOUTH and general hospital Onitsha data. It was further  revealed that the data collected from the general hospital Onitsha has the highest coefficient of determination (0.9735) with the lowest AIC (1348.944), BIC (1374.462) and residual standard error (2.587) for systolic blood pressure model which makes the data used in this study the most suitable for the model employed under the stipulated year of study. Also observed that the same data collected from the general hospital Onitsha has the highest coefficient of determination (0.5715) with the lowest AIC (1825.917), BIC (1851.435) and residual standard error (6.008) for diastolic blood pressure model which equally makes the data used in this study the most suitable. It is clear from the result obtained in this study that the data set collected from general hospital, Onitsha from 2003 to 2017 is most appropriate for the multivariate multiple linear regression models.

scholarly journals Profile of Opportunistic Infections and CD4 Count in HIV/AIDS Patients in and Around Vijayapur, Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2556-2560
Author(s):  
Sayeda Yasmeen Khadri ◽  
Sayed Yunus Khadri ◽  
Raveendra D. Totad ◽  
Asma Begaum Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids
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