Vitrification of early avian blastodermal cells with a new type of cryocontainer

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Eszter Patakiné Várkonyi ◽  
Gabriella Horváth ◽  
Nikoletta Sztán ◽  
Éva VÁradi ◽  
Judit Barna
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Type ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Blastodermal Cells

Although cryopreservation of avian semen is only applicable for singlegene traits, cryopreservation of avian blastodermal cells could facilitate preservation of the entire genome of endangered or rare-breed poultry. Slow freezing methods result in acceptable survival rates; however, there are apparently no reports regarding the use of vitrification. The aim of the study was to establish methods for chicken embryonic cell vitrification, including development of a container which supported cryopreservation of large numbers of cells (to increase the probability of chimera production). Based on a preliminary study, vitrification seemed to be practical for avian blastodermal cell preservation. Pieces of mosquito net as carrier increased live cell rates compared to pellet form in media containing two macromolecules. Furthermore, we concluded that fetal calf serum in the vitrification medium could be replaced by polyvinylpyrrolidone, a chemically defined substance free of unwanted growth factors and potential pathogens.

Preliminary study of a new type of gas microstrip chamber on a sapphire substrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 354 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.L. Grishkin ◽  
A.N. Martemyanov ◽  
A. Akindinov ◽  
M.M. Chumakov ◽  
O.I. Pogorelko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
New Type ◽  
Preliminary Study

Preliminary Study on Radioimmunodiagnosis of Experimental Tumor Models Using Technetium-99m-Labeled Anti-C-erbB-2 Monoclonal Antibody

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananthanarayanan Meenakshi ◽  
Rayala Suresh Kumar ◽  
Venkatraman Ganesh ◽  
Nallathambi Siva Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Preliminary Study

Aims and background One of the great challenges of oncology is to improve methods for early tumor detection. Diagnosis of premalignant lesions and early stage primary tumors is crucial for the success of cancer therapy and increased survival rates. Growth factor receptors localized to the cell membrane play a vital role in cancer. Monoclonal antibodies labeled with radioisotopes have been used extensively for radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy of various malignancies. A preliminary study on immunoscintigraphy was carried out on animal tumor models using 99mTc-labeled monoclonal antibody CIBCgp185 generated against the C-erbB-2 oncoprotein with a view to develop technologies for in vivo radioimmunodetection and localization of human breast cancer. Methods Mammary tumor xenografts induced using BT474 cells, a breast carcinoma cell line showing overexpression of C-erbB-2, were used for immunoscintigraphic studies. Results Scintigrams showed high radiolabel uptake by the tumor tissue of the mice belonging to the experimental group, whereas in control animals no radiolabel uptake was visualized. Biodistribution studies correlated well with scintiscans. Conclusions The results indicate the potential application of this monoclonal antibody for in vivo diagnosis of occult malignancies of tumors with overexpression of C-erbB-2.

Outcomes of end-organ function and survival with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Perfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 026765912096928
Author(s):  
Toru Mihama ◽  
Nataliya Bahatyrevich ◽  
Nicholas Cavarocchi ◽  
Hitoshi Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Survival Group ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Database Research ◽  
Therapy Option ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Va Ecmo

Introduction: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a temporary therapy option for refractory cardiac or respiratory failure. Preliminary study suggests that ECMO aids in the recovery of end-organ function by maintaining systemic perfusion. Methods: A retrospective IRB approved database research and chart review was performed on patients initiated on veno-arterial (VA-) ECMO between September 2010 and April 2019. End-organ injury markers were compared between the pre-ECMO period, defined as markers recorded before ECMO initiation, and the pre-decannulation period, defined as markers prior to ECMO decannulation. Data was expressed with mean ± standard deviation, or median [quartile 1, quartile 3] and compared between Pre-ECMO and per-decannulation period. Results: Among the 159 VA-ECMO patients, 100 patients (63%) survived ECMO with mean ECMO duration 10 ± 7 days. Within the survival group, 78 patients (49%) weaned to recovery, and 22 patients (14%) weaned off to durable implantable devices. Compared to the pre-ECMO period, the pre-decannulation period significantly improved in pH (7.23 ± 0.19 vs. 7.40 ± 0.09; p < 0.001) and lactate (5.5 [2.3, 9.0] vs. 1.6 [0.9, 2.3]; p < 0.001), and serum creatinine (1.4 [1.1, 2.1] vs. 1.1 [0.8, 1.7]; p < 0.001). Significant changes were noted in ventilation parameters as well, such as FiO2 (100 [100, 100] vs. 50 [50, 50]; p < 0.001), PaO2 (88 [62, 135], 126 [87, 162]; p < 0.001) and PEEP (8.0 [5.0, 12.0] vs. 5.0 [5.0, 8.0]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Maintaining perfusion with VA-ECMO utilization on indicated patients demonstrated improvements in end-organ functions. Survival rates of VA-ECMO patients were also optimistic.

44 IN VITRO AND IN VIVO SURVIVABILITY ON VITRIFIED EMBRYOS OBTAINED BY BOVINE SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
K. Kaneyama ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
S. Matoba ◽  
Y. Hashiyada ◽  
K. Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation

Although many studies have been conducted on somatic cell nuclear transfer, there are only a few reports on cryopreservation of reconstructed embryos after nuclear transplantation. The objective of this study was to examine in vitro or in vivo development of vitrified blastocysts obtained by nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer was carried out according to the procedure of Goto et al. (1999 Anim. Sci. J. 70, 243–245), and conducted using abattoir-derived oocytes and cumulus cells derived by ovum pickup from Holstein and Japanese Black cows. Embryos were vitrified as described by Saito et al. (1998 Cryobiol. Cryotech. 43, 34–39). The vitrification solution (GESX solution) was based on Dulbecco's PBS containing 20% glycerol (GL), 20% ethylene glycol (EG), 0.3 M sucrose (Suc), 0.3 M xylose (Xyl), and 3% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The blastocysts were equilibrated in three steps, with 10% GL, 0.1 M Suc, 0.1 M Xyl, and 1% PEG for 5 min (1); with 10% GL, 10% EG, 0.2 M Suc, 0.2 M Xyl, and 2% PEG for 5 min (2) and GESX solution (3). After transfer to GESX, equilibrated embryos were loaded to 0.25-mL straws and plunged into liquid nitrogen for 1 min. The vitrified blastocysts were warmed in water (20°C) and diluted in 0.5 M and 0.25 M sucrose for 5 min each. Equilibration and dilution procedures were conducted at room temperature (25–26°C). After dilution, the vitrified blastocysts were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum and 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol at 38.5°C under gas phase of 5% CO2 in air. In Experiment 1, survival rates after vitrification were compared between the nuclear transfer and the IVF blastocysts. Survival rates of vitrified nuclear transfer blastocysts (n = 60, Day 8) at 24 and 48 h were 70.0% and 56.7%, respectively, and those of vitrified IVF blastocysts (n = 41) were 82.9% and 82.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in survival rates at 24 and 48 h between the two groups. In Experiment 2, one (VIT-single) or two (VIT-double) vitrified and one (nonVIT-single) or two (nonVIT-double) nonvitrified reconstructed blastocysts per animal were transferred into Holstein dry cows. The result of Experiment 2 is shown in Table 1. This experiment demonstrated that the vitrification method in this study can be used for cloned embryo cryopreservation but the production rate should be improved. Table 1. Comparison of survival rates of vitrified or nonvitrified cloned embryos after transfer

126 EFFECT OF ASSISTED HATCHING ON THE SURVIVAL AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO AFTER CRYOPRESERVATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
J. Fukuhara ◽  
T. Takuma ◽  
S. Kasa ◽  
K. Imai
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Assisted Hatching ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Frozen Embryos ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Functional Peptides

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of assisted hatching (AH) by partial zona pellucida (ZP) dissection on the survival and the development of bovine IVP embryos after ultra-rapid vitrification and slow freezing. COC obtained from abattoir bovine ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro, and then cultured in IVD101 (Research Institute for the Functional Peptides, Yamagata, Japan) at 38.5�C in 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2. The treatment of AH was done on compacted morulae by partially dissecting ZP with a micromanipulator. As a control, non-treated embryos with intact ZP were used. For vitrification, the blastocysts at days 7 and 8 were placed into a vitrification solution (Dulbecco's PBS (D-PBS) supplemented with 20% glycerol, 20% ethylene glycol (EG), 0.3 m sucrose (SUC), 0.3 m xylose, and 3% polyethylene glycol) for 30 s after two-step equilibration. Then, they were immediately placed on a custom-made vitrification tool made of nylon fishing line with a small piece of iron attached to one end (V-tool), and immersed into liquid nitrogen (LN2). After cooling, the embryos on the V-tool were placed into frozen 0.25 mL straws filled with a diluting solution (D-PBS supplemented with 0.5 m SUC and 20% new born calf serum) using a magnet, and then they were preserved in LN2. For warming, the straws were immersed into 25�C water. The V-tool was then introduced into the column of diluting solution using a magnet. For freezing, the blastocysts at days 7 and 8 were frozen by the conventional procedure with 10% EG. For thawing, the straws were immersed into 30�C water. In this study, 120 embryos were vitrified and 128 embryos were frozen. Warmed and thawed embryos were washed more than two times, and cultured in TCM199 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 0.1 mm β-mercaptoethanol for 72 h for assessment of survivability and developmental capacity of post-thaw embryos. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test. The survival rates of vitrified embryos were the same with or without AH (81.1 and 82.0%, P > 0.05). The survival rates of frozen embryos were also the same with or without AH (76.3 and 66.7%, P > 0.05). The survival rates of vitrified embryos without AH was significantly higher than that of frozen embryos without AH (82.0 v. 66.7%, P < 0.05). The hatched rates of frozen embryos without AH were significantly lower than that of frozen embryos with AH and those of vitrified embryos with and without AH (43.5 v. 64.4%, 67.9 and 68.9%, P < 0.05). These results indicated that AH enhanced the development of frozen bovine IVP embryos and that our vitrification method using a V-tool did not require AH for development of embryos.

scholarly journals Heuristic Bike Optimization Algorithm to Improve Usage Efficiency of the Station-Free Bike Sharing System in Shenzhen, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Gu ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Wanyu Zhou ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Trip Chain ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
New Type ◽  
Objective Basis

Station-free bike sharing systems (BSSs) are a new type of public bike system that has been widely deployed in China since 2017. However, rapid growth has vastly outpaced the immediate demand and overwhelmed many cities around the world. This paper proposes a heuristic bike optimization algorithm (HBOA) to determine the optimal supply and distribution of bikes considering the effect of bicycle cycling. In this approach, the different bike trips with separate bikes can be connected in space and time and converted into a continuous trip chain for a single bike. To improve this cycling efficiency, it is important to properly design the bicycle distribution. Taking Shenzhen as an example, we implement the algorithm with OD matrix data from Mobike and Ofo, the two large bike sharing companies which account for 80% of the shared bike market in Shenzhen, over two days. The HBOA results are as follows. 1) Only one-fifth of the bike supply is needed to meet the current usage demand if the bikes are used efficiently, which means a large number of shared bikes in Shenzhen remain in an idle state for long periods. 2) Although the cycling demand is high in many areas, it does not mean that large numbers of bikes are needed because the continuous inflow caused by the cycling effect of bikes will meet most of the demand by itself. 3) The areas with the highest demands for optimal bikes are residential, followed by industrial, public transportation, official and commercial areas, on both working and non-working days. This algorithm can be an objective basis for city related departments to manage station-free BSSs and be applied to design the layout of bikes in small-scale spatial units to help station-free BSSs operate efficiently and minimize the need to relocate the bikes without reducing the level of user satisfaction.

A Preliminary Study on Preparation of MgAlON Refractory

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 2191-2195
Author(s):  
Fu Gao ◽  
Ran Liu ◽  
Xing Juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Material ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Nitridation Reaction ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
New Type ◽  
Preliminary Study

MgAlON is a new type of refractory material. This article summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the preparative technique through different methods including aluminothermic reduction, carbothermal reduction-nitridation, reaction sintering, spark plasma sintering and so on. The future development was also discussed.

The Dominican Colmado from Santo Domingo to New York

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Krohn-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
General Store ◽  
New Type ◽  
Street Corner ◽  
Two Sides

The colmado, or the small village or street-corner store, is a Dominican institution. It is typically a general store for basic foodstuffs, cleaning products, toiletries, soft drinks, beer, and rum. When Dominicans from the early 1960s onward started migrating to New York City in large numbers, they took with them a version of the colmado. On the way, they altered the original colmado. The result became the “Dominican” bodega or corner grocer’s in New York City, a new type but nevertheless not so unlike the colmado on the island. This essay explores the making and remaking of Dominican colmados and bodegas. The goal is twofold: firstly, to provide some answers to the questions “How have these businesses been created and run?” and “What are their most important and most striking characteristics?” and, secondly, to demonstrate that the Dominican colmado can be good to think with—more specifically, the hope is to show that the problematic of “the Dominican colmado / the Dominican bodega” offers a window for tracing and understanding in which ways the Dominican social formation has changed since the mid-20th century, that is, since the last years of the Trujillo regime. The patterns of the colmados and bodegas have mirrored broader historical transformations. But these businesses have also helped give the latter processes their form. Businesses and social configurations have been two sides of the same historical process.

91 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SURGICAL EQUINE EMBRYO TRANSFER AFTER OPEN PULLED STRAW VITRIFICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Duchamp ◽  
F. Guignot ◽  
J. Grizelj ◽  
M. Vidament ◽  
P. Mermillod
Keyword(s):  
Calf Serum ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Conventional Freezing

In equine species, embryo cryopreservation is not as widely developed as in some other species. Slow freezing has been applied to equine embryos but with relatively low success rates. This higher sensitivity to conventional freezing procedures may be explained by the presence of a capsule surrounding the equine embryo that may impair cryoprotectant penetration. Recently, good in vitro embryo survival rate was obtained after open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification (Moussa et al. 2005 Theriogenology 64, 1619–1632). The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo survival of vitrified embryos five days after surgical transfer into Welsh pony mares. Morulae (M), early blastocysts (EB), and blastocysts (B) ranging from 140 to 320 μm in diameter were collected (n = 20) in a Ringer lactate solution on Day 6.75 after ovulation. Before vitrification, embryos were assessed morphologically and their size was measured (McKinnon and Squires 1988 J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 192, 401–406). Then, embryos were vitrified using the OPS method described by Berthelot et al. (2001 Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41, 267–272). Briefly, embryos were washed twice in HEMES-TCM-199 + 20% newborn calf serum (NBCS) for 1 min, equilibrated in HEPES-TCM-199 + 20% NBCS with 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) for 3 min, and then with 18% DMSO + 18% EG + 0.4 M sucrose for 45 s. One embryo was then loaded per straw. For transfer, four straws were quickly thawed (5 s in air) and the narrow end of the straw containing the embryo was immersed in HEPES-TCM-199 + 20% NBCS + PBS + 0.2 M sucrose. Five to 8 min after thawing, four embryos were surgically transferred into the cranial portion of the uterine horn in each of five pony mare recipients. Five days after transfer, embryos recovered by transcervical flushing of the uterus were classified as viable if morphology was normal, no dark inner cells were present, the capsule was intact, and the diameter was at least 1000 μm. The results are shown in the table. One recipient of vitrified embryos had an endometritis and no embryo was recovered. From the four other recipients, nine embryos were recovered out of 16 (56%) transferred, seven of which were viable (44%). The results of the present preliminary study demonstrating survival of equine embryos transferred after OPS vitrification is very encouraging. However, the results should be confirmed by birth of foals after transfer of OPS-vitrified embryos to recipients. Table

68 EFFECT OF CO-CULTURE DURING FERTILIZATION OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) IN VITRO-MATURED DENUDED OOCYTES VITRIFIED BY CRYOTOP

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
L. Attanasio ◽  
A. De Rosa ◽  
L. Boccia ◽  
R. Di Palo ◽  
G. Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group B

Although removal of cumulus cells improves the efficiency of vitrification of buffalo (Bubalus bubalus) in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes (Gasparrini et al. 2007 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 98, 335–342), the lack of cells impairs the fertilization process. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of a somatic support during in vitro fertilization (IVF) of buffalo vitrified denuded matured oocytes. Since IVF on a cumulus cells monolayer was inefficient, we verified the effects of co-culture with cumulus-enclosed oocytes (COCs). IVM buffalo oocytes (n = 316) were vitrified by the Cryotop� method (Kuwayama and Kato 2000, J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 17, 477 abst) that was recently proven suitable for buffalo oocyte cryopreservation (Attanasio et al. 2006 Reprod. Domest. Anim. 41, 302–310). Denuded buffalo oocytes were equilibrated in 10% ethylene glycol (EG) and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 min, transferred into 20% EG and 20% of DMSO in TCM199 with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 0.5 m sucrose, loaded on Cryotops, and plunged into liquid nitrogen within 25 s. For warming, oocytes were exposed for 1 min to 1.2 m sucrose and then to decreasing concentrations of the sugar (0.6, 0.4, 0.3 m for 30 s) in TCM199 + 20% FCS. Oocytes were rinsed and allocated to IVM drops for 1.5 h. Survival rate was evaluated at this point and the oocytes that had survived (292/316 = 92.4%) were split into 2 fertilization groups: (A) approximately 5 buffalo oocytes per 50-µL drop of IVF medium, and (B) approximately 3 buffalo oocytes + 3 bovine fresh COCs per 50-µL drop of IVF medium. Since buffalo COCs easily lose their cells following IVF, for better identification we used bovine COCs that have a brighter and more compact cumulus mass. In vitro fertilization and culture were carried out as previously described (Gasparrini et al. 2007). As control, buffalo oocytes (n = 104) were in vitro-matured, fertilized, and cultured up to the blastocyst stage. On Day 1, survival rate was evaluated in the two vitrification groups; cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded on Days 5 and 7, respectively, in all groups. The experiment was repeated 4 times. Differences in the percentages of survival, cleavage, and blastocyst formation among treatments were analyzed by chi-square test. Within vitrification groups, despite similar survival rates on Day 1 (90.6% v. 93.3%, respectively, in Groups A and B), cleavage rate was significantly improved in Group B compared to Group A (59.2% v. 45.4%, respectively; P < 0.01). Interestingly, the cleavage rate in Group B was not significantly different from that recorded in the control group (71.0%). Although blastocysts were produced in both vitrification groups (3.6% v. 4.1%, respectively, in Groups A and B), the yield was significantly lower than that of the control group (29.0%, P < 0.01). In conclusion, co-culture with bovine COC during fertilization improves the capability of buffalo denuded vitrified oocytes to cleave.

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