Evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in game animals from Slovenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Žele ◽  
Jana Avberšek ◽  
Igor Gruntar ◽  
Matjaž Ocepek ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Game Animals

Anaplasma phagocytophilumis a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis in mammalian hosts including humans. Wild animals may play an important role in the epidemiology of this disease. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infection withA. phagocytophilumamong wildlife in Slovenia. Serum samples (n = 376) from the most important game species [red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and brown bear (Ursus arctos)] were examined byA. phagocytophilum-specific indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA) and wild boar spleen samples (n = 160) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).A. phagocytophilum-specific antibodies were found in 72% of sera andA. phagocytophilumDNA was present in 6.2% of spleens. The data indicate thatA. phagocytophilumis present and widespread in Slovenian game animals and that game species are involved in the natural life cycle ofA. phagocytophilum.

scholarly journals Coexistence of tick-borne pathogens in game animals and ticks in western Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 668-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Skotarczak ◽  
M. Adamska ◽  
M. Sawczuk ◽  
A. Maciejewska ◽  
B. Wodecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
North Western ◽  
Game Animals

Molecular studies enabling the recognition of the role of game and ticks in the circulation of pathogens transmitted by ticks and detection of coinfections in order to estimate a risk which a contact with tissues of roe deer, red deer and wild boar from north-western Poland brings were the aim of this research. DNA isolated from the blood and spleen of game and from <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> were the study materials. The results shows that <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> and <i>Cervus elaphus</i> play an important role in the life cycle of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, two <i>Bartonella</i> species, <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Babesia</i> spp. Whereas in the isolates obtained from 50 representatives of <i>Sus scrofa</i>, the DNA of only one pathogen, <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> occurred. 63.5% of 74 PCR+ isolates from <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> showed a double coinfection and three isolates – triple. In the tissues of <i>Cervus elaphus</i>, the coinfections were triple in 38% of individuals, double in 40%, single in 84%.

scholarly journals Proposed migration corridors for large mammals in the south-east of Polish Carpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (30) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Kajetan Perzanowski ◽  
Katarzyna Pędziwiatr ◽  
Paulina Konieczna ◽  
Jan Śmiełowski
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Habitat Patches

The aim of the study was the delineation of migratory corridors migration for large mammals between the Ukrainian Carpathians and the western part of their range in Poland. Potential corridors for the wolf (Canis lupus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx), wisent (Bison bonasus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) were identified within 534,818 ha with the ArcGIS Corridor Designer software. Corridors of regional importance (42,283 ha in total) and local connections between habitat patches (13,154 ha) were delineated separately according to the least-cost path criterion. We identified 115 critical points where heavy traffic, or the proximity of settlements, could obstruct animal movements. A considerable number of such critical points indicate the urgency for ensuring the functionality of the remaining linkage. The permeability of barriers between habitat patches was determined by ground observations, confirming the presence of target species. The highest proportion of patches estimated by experts as optimal and suboptimal was for wild boar (91%), while the lowest for lynx (52%). The proportion of habitats avoided or useless due to anthropogenic barriers was 34% for lynx, 25% for wisents, and 19% for brown bears.

scholarly journals Iodine and Selenium Contents in Skeletal Muscles of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kursa ◽  
Ivan Herzig ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Josef Illek ◽  
Vlasta Kroupová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Game Animals

The objective of this study was to examine iodine and selenium contents in skeletal muscles of selected species of game animals living in regions with low iodine and selenium contents in the soil and water. Iodine content was determined in 66 samples of skeletal muscles of red deer cut out of the musculus gracilis, 32 samples and 27 samples from the same muscle of roe deer and wild boar, respectively. The shot game animals came from hunting grounds in western and southern regions of the Czech Republic and in Protected Landscape Area Šumava. In red deer muscles the average iodine content was 44.9 ± 15.2 μg I·kg-1 wet weight with the range of 6.9 to 82.0 μg I·kg-1. The lower concentration in roe deer meat with the average 39.3 ± 14.1 μg I·kg-1 and the range from 18.3 to 84.4 μg I·kg-1 may be due to differences between biotopes and food. The average iodine concentration in the musculus gracilis of wild boars was 55.9± 27.0 μg·kg-1 wet weight. Selenium content was determined in 22 samples of red deer, 51 samples of roe deer and 27 samples of wild boar skeletal muscles. The average values of selenium content in the meat of red deer, roe deer and wild boars were 16.2 ± 8.4, 36.9 ± 16.6 and 27.6 ± 19.8 μg Se·kg-1 wet weight, respectively. All three species of game animals are characterised by low content and high variability of selenium concentration in meat with the minimum value 3.9 µg and maximum value 83.3 μg·kg-1 wet weight. The study brings new data on iodine and selenium content in the muscle of game animals in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Studies on the epizootiology of rinderpest in blue wildebeest and other game species of Northern Tanzania and Southern Kenya, 1965–7

1967 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Taylor ◽  
R. M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test ◽  
Connochaetes Taurinus ◽  
Game Animals

A serum neutralization test was used to determine the incidence of rinderpest antibodies in populations of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus Thomas) occurring in the Serengeti-Mara districts of N. Tanzania and S. Kenya. By correlating the age of animals at the time of shooting with the presence or absence of antibodies it was possible to outline the course of rinderpest in these animals over the period 1961–7.Serengeti migrant wildebeest were extensively infected in 1961, but not in 1962 or any subsequent year. No samples have been collected from this group since mid-1966. Kirawira resident wildebeest were last infected in 1961 according to samples collected in February 1967. Two of 13 animals born into the Mara resident population in late 1961 or early 1962 were found to possess antibodies, together with a high proportion (74%) of animals born in early 1961. This finding was considered indicative of a rinderpest epizootic in this group in the terminal weeks of 1961. No subsequent infection occurred in Mara wildebeest between 1962 and March 1966. Ngorongoro resident wildebeest were infected in the second half of 1962 but have remained free of rinderpest from 1963 until at least April 1966.The findings of the present survey were compared and contrasted with results of a similar study carried out some 2 to 3 years previously.Field strains of bovine rinderpest virus were isolated from the Loliondo district of N. Tanzania in November 1965 and March 1966. Serum samples from buffalo, eland, impala, warthog, and resident wildebeest which inhabited areas adjoining the two outbreaks failed to provide evidence of any recent epizootic in game animals. Circumstantial evidence indicated that the virus could have persisted in the Loliondo area since 1961. Two resident wildebeest born in 1963 and 1964 respectively, were thought to have been infected during a period when the disease went unrecognised. Serengeti migrant wildebeest were not found to have been infected after a period of potential contact with sick cattle in March 1966.

scholarly journals Red and Fallow Deer Determine the Density of Ixodes Ricinus Nymphs Containing Anaplasma Phagocytophilum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Takumi ◽  
Tim Hofmeester ◽  
Hein Sprong
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Larval Burden

Abstract Background: The density of Ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum is one of the parameters that determines the risk for humans and domesticated animals to contract anaplasmosis. For this, I. ricinus larvae need to take a blood meal from free-ranging ungulates, which are competent hosts for A. phagocytophilum.Methods: Here, we compared the contribution of four free-ranging ungulate species, red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) to A. phagocytophilum infections in nymphs. We used a combination of camera and live trapping to quantify the relative availability of vertebrate hosts to questing ticks in nineteen Dutch forest sites. Additionally, we collected questing I. ricinus nymphs and tested these for the presence of A. phagocytophilum. Furthermore, we explored two potential mechanisms that could explain differences between species: 1) differences in larval burden, which we based on data from published studies, and 2) differences in associations with other, non-competent hosts.Results: Principal component analysis indicated that the density of A. phagocytophilum infected nymphs (DIN) was higher in forest sites with high availability of red and fallow deer, and to a lesser degree roe deer. Initial results suggest that these differences are not a result of differences in larval burden, but rather differences in associations with other species or other ecological factors.Conclusions: These results indicate that the risk for contracting anaplasmosis in the Netherlands is likely highest in the few areas where red and fallow deer are present. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms behind this association.

scholarly journals Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Game Animals from Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Niewiadowska ◽  
Tomasz Kiljanek ◽  
Stanisław Semeniuk ◽  
Jan Żmudzki
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Game Animals

Abstract The occurrence and concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 141 adipose tissue samples of wild boars, roe deer, and red deer from different regions of the country, collected in 2010/2011. The determinations of HCH isomers (α-, β-, and γ-HCH), HCB, DDTs (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, and p,p’-DDD), and PCBs (six indicator PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were carried out using the capillary gas chromatography. The mean concentrations of DDTs expressed on the fat basis ranged from 0.241 mg/kg (wild boar) to 0.032 mg/kg (red deer), and for PCBs from 0.015 mg/kg (wild boar) to 0.010 mg/kg (roe deer). The mean contribution of p,p’-DDE to DDTs and PCB 153, PCB 138, and PCB 180 to PCBs exceeded 80% and 90% respectively, in all game animal samples studied. Higher contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in game animals originating from industrial regions.

scholarly journals Temporal Patterns of Vehicle Collisions with Roe Deer and Wild Boar in the Dinaric Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joso Vrkljan ◽  
Dubravka Hozjan ◽  
Danijela Barić ◽  
Damir Ugarković ◽  
Krešimir Krapinec
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Vehicle Collisions

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) based on the animal species, and to deepen the knowledge of temporal patterns of vehicle collisions with roe deer and wild boar. The study analyses the data from police reports on vehicle collisions with animals on state roads, by date and time, section of road, and animal species over a 5-year period (2012–2016). These data were analysed to determine the temporal dynamics of vehicle collisions with roe deer and wild boar by month, time of day, and moon phase. On the state roads in the Dinaric area, roe deer are most commonly involved in vehicle collisions (70.1% of all collisions), followed by wild boar (11.0%). Other large species involved in collisions were fallow deer (4.8%), brown bear (1.8%), red deer (0.9%), grey wolf (0.7%), and European mouflon (0.5%), respectively. Most collisions with roe deer occurred in the period April–August, with reduced frequency during autumn and winter. For wild boar, there was no association between month and frequency of collisions. At the annual level, collisions with roe deer were significantly higher during night (37%) and twilight (41%) than during the day (22%). For wild boar, most collisions occurred during twilight (26%) and night (72%), although the difference between these two periods was not statistically significant. For roe deer, collisions had no association with lunar phase, though wild boar collisions during twilight (dawn or dusk) were more common during twilight periods on days with less moonlight. Since vehicle collisions with wildlife showed certain temporal patterns, these should be taken into consideration in developing statistical models of spatial WVC patterns, and also in planning strategies and countermeasures to mitigate WVC issues.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the CervidTB STAT-PAK for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Wild Deer in Great Britain

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1449-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gowtage-Sequeira ◽  
A. Paterson ◽  
K. P. Lyashchenko ◽  
S. Lesellier ◽  
M. A. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wild Deer ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT Deer are acknowledged as hosts of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of bTB in the United Kingdom. This study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of bTB in samples from wild deer species in the United Kingdom. Fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from areas in Wales, the Cotswolds, and southwestern England were necropsied for a bTB survey. Serum samples from individual deer were tested with the CervidTB STAT-PAK, and the results were evaluated against the culture of M. bovis from tissues (n = 432). Sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.1 to 99.6%) and 94.8% (95% CI, 92.3 to 96.7%), respectively, with an odds ratio of 109.9 (95% CI, 12.7 to 953.6%) for a positive STAT-PAK result among culture-positive deer. The low prevalence of infection (3.8%, n = 860) affected the confidence of the sensitivity estimate of the test, but all culture-positive fallow deer (n = 6) were detected by the test. In addition, antibodies to M. bovis could be detected in poor-quality serum samples. The results suggest that the CervidTB STAT-PAK could be deployed as a field test for further evaluation.

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