scholarly journals A bélbakterióta élettani jellemzői és a dysbacteriosis szerepe az elhízásban, inzulinrezisztenciában, diabetesben és metabolikus szindrómában

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Halmos ◽  
Ilona Suba
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fecal Transplant ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

The intestinal microbiota is well-known for a long time, but due to newly recognized functions, clinician’s attention has turned to it again in the last decade. About 100 000 billion bacteria are present in the human intestines. The composition of bacteriota living in diverse parts of the intestinal tract is variable according to age, body weight, geological site, and diet as well. Normal bacteriota defend the organism against the penetration of harmful microorganisms, and has many other functions in the gut wall integrity, innate immunity, insulin sensitivity, metabolism, and it is in cross-talk with the brain functions as well. Brand new recognition, that intestinal microbiota has a direct effect on the brain, and the brain also influences the microbiota. This two-way gut–brain axis consists of microbiota, immune and neuroendocrine system, as well as autonomous and central nervous system. Emerging from fermentation of carbohydrates, short-chain fatty acids develop into the intestines, which produce butyrates, acetates and propionates, having favorable effects on different metabolic processes. Composition of the intestinal microbiota is affected by the circadian rhythm, such as in shift workers. Dysruption of circadian rhythm may influence intestinal microbiota. The imbalance between the microbiota and host organism leads to dysbacteriosis. From the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysacharides penetrate into the blood stream, via impaired permeability of the intestinal mucosa. These processes induce metabolic endotoxaemia, inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, obesity, and contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, inflammarory bowel diseases, autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. Encouraging therapeutic possibility is to restore the normal microbiota either using pro- or prebiotics, fecal transplantation or bariatric surgery. Human investigations seem to prove that fecal transplant from lean healthy individuals into obese diabetic patients improved all the pathological parameters. Wide spread use of bariatric surgery altered gut microbiota and improved metabolic parameters apart from surgery itself. Pathomechanism is not yet cleared up. Clinicians hope, that deeper understanding of complex functions of intestinal microbiota will contribute to develop more effective therapeutic proceedings against diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(1), 13–22.

scholarly journals Roux-en-Y-Bariatric Surgery Reduces Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rega-Kaun ◽  
C. Kaun ◽  
G. Jaegersberger ◽  
M. Prager ◽  
M. Hackl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Clearance

Abstract Background Obesity is closely linked to increased markers of metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes. Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin sensitivity and hence benefits morbidly obese patients. Aim To determine changes in markers of metabolic syndrome, pancreatic function, and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients before and 1 year after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Methods We enrolled 43 consecutive patients in a single center. Markers for metabolic syndrome included proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, and serum levels of selected microRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, hsa-miR-132, and hsa-miR-375. Results After surgery, all patients showed a significant 37% drop of body mass index (p < 0.001). Furthermore, proinsulin (59% reduction, p < 0.001), insulin (76% reduction, p < 0.001), and C-peptide (56% reduction, p < 0.001) were all reduced 1 year after surgery. Using the hepatic insulin clearance score, we determined a significant increase in hepatic insulin clearance after surgery (76% increase, p < 0.001). Especially diabetic patients showed a marked 2.1-fold increase after surgery. Hepatic enzymes ALT (35% reduction, p = 0.002) and γGT (48% reduction, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in all patients with similar improvement in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. miRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, and hsa-miR-132 were all significantly reduced whereas hsa-miR-375 was increased after gastric bypass surgery (p < 0.001 for all miRNAs). Conclusion Both liver and pancreatic stress parameters were reduced significantly 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery suggesting an overall amelioration of the metabolic syndrome in all patients regardless of previous health status.

scholarly journals Effects of Arabinoxylan and Resistant Starch on Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomised Crossover Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0159223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Hald ◽  
Anne Grethe Schioldan ◽  
Mary E. Moore ◽  
Anders Dige ◽  
Helle Nygaard Lærke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Functional activity of intestinal microbiota with metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al'bert A. Kurmangulov ◽  
Elena F. Dorodneva ◽  
Dilara N. Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Actuality: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease involved in the pathogenesis of many systems and organs, including the digestive system. Accumulating evidence signify the role of microorganisms in many metabolic processes and suggest human microbiota involvement in the development of different pathologic conditions, including the MS.The aim: To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the functional activity of intestinal microbiota in individuals with MS.Materials and methods: The study involved 85 subjects with MS divided into 4 groups according to BMI. Determination of the short chain fatty acids in the feces was carried out by gas-liquid chromatographic studies.Results: Chromatographic examination of feces revealed changes in both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the functional activity of the intestinal microbiota in people with MS. The severity of disturbances in microbiota correlated with BMI. In all groups with excess body weight the overall metabolic activity of microorganisms was decreased. In grade 2 obesity there was an increases in the activity of aerobic microorganisms populations, mostly of optional and residual strains. The grade 3 obesity is accompanied by the most significant changes in coprologic profile with the activation of proteolytic microorganisms.Conclusions: These data suggest the presence of pathogenic correlations between obesity, MS, and intestinal microbiota. In this regard, it is necessary to search for causal relationships oin onset and progression of metabolic disorders involving the bowel microbiota in MS..

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
V. B. Grinevich ◽  
V. G. Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Bacterial Films

Metabolic syndrome is associated with current diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, which are accompanied by changes in the intestinal microbiota and the functioning of the immune and neuro-humoral systems of the body. Without detracting from the role of heredity and environmental factors, the intestinal microbiota makes a significant contribution to the development of metabolic disorders and obesity by modulating cascading enzymatic reactions of the macroorganism, interacting with receptors directly and/or using its own metabolites and signaling molecules.The purpose of study was to analyze the literature data obtained in the study of the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS).Results: A review of current literature on the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic syndrome is presented. The features of the mucosal microflora of the colon, the role of bacterial films, epithelial lining of the intestinal mucosa in the formation of the intestinal microbial-tissue complex as the leading links of metabolic disorders are discussed. The article presents data on the variability of short-chain fatty acids, bacterial genome in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Severely Obese Patients Presenting for Bariatric Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt A. Aulinger ◽  
Thuan To Viet ◽  
Elisa Waldmann ◽  
Klaus G. Parhofer
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Severely Obese

Objective: Although obesity is associated with metabolic changes not all obese patients are characterized by the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of the MS, its characteristics and the associated demographic factors in a large cohort of severely obese patients presenting for potential bariatric surgery. Methods: 256 obese patients (68.7% female, 41.9±11.6 years, BMI 49±9.1 kg/m²) were evaluated using the harmonized criteria of the MS. Results: In this cohort the prevalence of MS was 78.1% with no gender difference. The prevalence did not correlate with BMI, body weight or waist circumference, however presence of MS and numbers of MS criteria met correlated with age. The prevalence of individual criteria varied considerably (central obesity (100%), hypertension (86.7%), elevated glucose (58.6%), low HDL-cholesterol (50%) and hypertriglyceridemia (43.7%)). On average 3.4±1.1 criteria were met. 3.5% fulfilled only one criterion (central obesity) and 16.4% met all 5 criteria. After adjusting for age and gender hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension were more common in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. Similarly, low HDL and elevated glucose was more common in hypertriglyceridemic individuals. Conclusion: In severely obese patients the prevalence of the MS and the number of criteria met was high. However, over 20% of severely obese individuals have no MS and thus may be at lower risk for cardiovascular complications of obesity. It is currently unclear whether treatment strategies with respect to obesity should differ between severely obese individuals with and without the MS.

TEORI KECERDASAN, PENDIDIKAN ANAK, DAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM KELUARGA

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muskinul Fuad
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Howard Gardner ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Spatial Logics

The education system in Indonesia emphasize on academic intelligence, whichincludes only two or three aspects, more than on the other aspects of intelligence. For thatreason, many children who are not good at academic intelligence, but have good potentials inother aspects of intelligence, do not develop optimally. They are often considered and labeledas "stupid children" by the existing system. This phenomenon is on the contrary to the theoryof multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner, who argues that intelligence is theability to solve various problems in life and produce products or services that are useful invarious aspects of life.Human intelligence is a combination of various general and specific abilities. Thistheory is different from the concept of IQ (intelligence quotient) that involves only languageskills, mathematical, and spatial logics. According to Gardner, there are nine aspects ofintelligence and its potential indicators to be developed by each child born without a braindefect. What Gardner suggested can be considered as a starting point to a perspective thatevery child has a unique individual intelligence. Parents have to treat and educate theirchildren proportionally and equitably. This treatment will lead to a pattern of education that isfriendly to the brain and to the plurality of children’s potential.More than the above points, the notion that multiple intelligences do not just comefrom the brain needs to be followed. Humans actually have different immaterial (spiritual)aspects that do not refer to brain functions. The belief in spiritual aspects and its potentialsmeans that human beings have various capacities and they differ from physical capacities.This is what needs to be addressed from the perspective of education today. The philosophyand perspective on education of the educators, education stakeholders, and especially parents,are the first major issue to be addressed. With this step, every educational activity andcommunication within the family is expected to develop every aspect of children'sintelligence, especially the spiritual intelligence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document