scholarly journals A nemi dysphoria jogi vonatkozásai és a kezelés folyamata Magyarországon

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (30) ◽  
pp. 1214-1220
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kórász
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Standards ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Gender Transition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The legal process of gender transition in Hungary had previously been more developed as in most European countries, as the law enabled transsexual people to change their name and gender before or without a medical treatment, which was unique at the time. Over the years, however, lots of European countries developed legal frameworks and accepted international standards of care for the treatment of gender dysphoria that Hungary did not follow. Currently in Hungary there is no consistent legal framework of gender transition, there is no official regulation or guidelines regarding gender transition process, no institution with the obligation to accommodate the process, and there is no nominated specialist in the state health care system whose remit included dealing with transsexual patients. The information on gender transition options both to the professionals and to the patients is limited and incoherent. This paper reviews the legal aspects and clinical management process of gender dysphoria in Hungary. Some issues regarding the Hungarian practice and possible solutions based on examples from the United Kingdom are addressed within the paper. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(30), 1214–1220.

scholarly journals Legal Aspects of Participation Practices in the Albanian Education Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Heliona Miço ◽  
Manjola Zaçellari Lumani
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
National Council ◽  
Government School ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Children And Parents

AbstractThe article aims to provide an analysis of Albanian legislation regarding children’s and parents’ participation in education, by taking into account their respective roles and duties as known in the legal framework, as well as their on-going functional role as participants in practice. This research will analyse Albanian legislation and policies as regards the educational system, shedding light on the steps needed to be taken towards achieving international standards regarding the promotion of the participation of children and parents in education. Albania was under a communist regime, in which parental participation in the educational system was extremely limited and information given to parents was only regarding the progress of their child. After the fall of this monist regime changes did not happen immediately in the Albanian education system. The Convention on the Rights of the Child was one of the first international instruments ratified by the Albanian government focusing on the sanctioning and protection of the rights of the child, in a time when these rights were considered non-existent. Sanctioning the right of the child to express freely his or her own views in various issues where the child’s opinion is necessary requires that Albanian legislation includes the participation of children in every field especially in education. A general principle of the Convention is that the child’s right to be heard be considered as one of the four principles needed for the interpretation of all other articles. Research also demonstrates that effective schools have high levels of children’s and parental involvement. Despite the fact that legal steps have been taken towards recognition of the involvement of children and parents in education creating bodies such as the pupils’ government, school boards, parental councils, and lately the national council of parents, there are still unclear legal ways to implement their participation in the Albanian education system. In order to make participation possible, first and foremost, it is important to provide information regarding school activities, processes and decisions which must be transmitted to the children and parents, by creating routes of communication. This can be achieved by setting up some useful mechanisms that promote children’s and parents’ participation in education.

Strategic guidelines of ethno-national policy of Ukraine: Political and legal aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Valentyna V. Dudchenko ◽  
Yuliia V. Tsurkan-Saifulina ◽  
Kostiantyn M. Vitman ◽  
Iryna O. Kresina ◽  
Oleksiy V. Kresin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Minority ◽  
State Budget ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Right

Problems and unresolved issues in the field of the Ukrainian political nation consolidation and national minorities rights protection are analysed. The normative legal acts regulating ethno-national relations in Ukraine are analysed. The necessity of reforming the ethno-national legislation, elimination of declarative, contradictory and conflicting norms is proved. Threats caused by separatist manifestations are shown. The main values, guidelines and directions of the Ukrainian state ethno-national policy development are determined. The creation of a legal framework for ethnocultural autonomy in Ukraine will contribute to the formation of an effective system of protection of the rights of citizens belonging to national minorities in Ukraine, which will meet international standards in the field of protection of national minorities. , and will allow to approximate the legislation of Ukraine in the field of protection of the rights of national minorities to the EU law. Each national minority will have the right to create its own ethnocultural (extraterritorial) autonomy in order to address the issues of preservation and development of ethnocultural identity without requirements and claims to the state and the state budget. This will eliminate the declarativeness of the relevant legislation, increase the level of self-organization of national minorities, redirect ethno-territorial requirements to ethnocultural, promote harmonization of ethno-national relations and interethnic harmony in Ukraine, consolidation of Ukrainian society into a political nation based on common citizenship

scholarly journals Gender identity and the management of the transgender patient: a guide for non-specialists

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Joseph ◽  
Charlotte Cliffe ◽  
Miriam Hillyard ◽  
Azeem Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
General Medical Council ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Exact Size ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

In this review, we introduce the topic of transgender medicine, aimed at the non-specialist clinician working in the UK. Appropriate terminology is provided alongside practical advice on how to appropriately care for transgender people. We offer a brief theoretical discussion on transgenderism and consider how it relates to broader understandings of both gender and disease. In respect to epidemiology, while it is difficult to assess the exact size of the transgender population in the UK, population surveys suggest a prevalence of between 0.2 and 0.6% in adults, with rates of referrals to gender identity clinics in the UK increasing yearly. We outline the legal framework that protects the rights of transgender people, showing that is not legal for physicians to deny transgender people access to services based on their personal beliefs. Being transgender is often, although not always, associated with gender dysphoria, a potentially disabling condition in which the discordance between a person’s natal sex (that assigned to them at birth) and gender identity results in distress, with high associated rates of self-harm, suicidality and functional impairment. We show that gender reassignment can be a safe and effective treatment for gender dysphoria with counselling, exogenous hormones and surgery being the mainstay of treatment. The role of the general practitioner in the management of transgender patients is discussed and we consider whether hormone therapy should be initiated in primary care in the absence of specialist advice, as is suggested by recent General Medical Council guidance.

scholarly journals Review of policy and legislative framework for disability services in Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonderai W. Shumba ◽  
Indres Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Central Coordination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Background: The Namibian policies and legislative framework were reviewed to determine the extent to which the needs of persons with disabilities were met and aligned with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Further, the disability legislative framework of Namibia is compared with that of other southern African countries.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of policy and legal framework which addresses the needs and rights of persons with disabilities in Namibia from 1990 to 2016. A qualitative approach employing a case study design was used. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the policies and legislation for alignment with the UNCRPD and how Namibia compares with other southern African countries is discussed.Results: Four policies, one piece of legislation and one international instrument were identified as directly related to disability. Community-based rehabilitation was adopted as the main strategy for rehabilitation. Alignment of the policy and legal framework with the UNCRPD was found to be minimal. Furthermore, most of the legislation in southern Africa was formulated before the existence of the UNCRPD in 2006.Conclusion: Although much progress has been made in meeting the needs of persons with disabilities, key implementation issues to be addressed include central coordination, overlapping strategies, disability models and gender differences. There is a need for the policy and legal framework of Namibia and other southern African countries to be more responsive to the human rights needs of persons with disabilities.Clinical implications: The study offers insights in reviewing disability policy and legal frameworks in southern Africa for influencing disability service delivery. Future studies can investigate the progress of implementation of disability policy and legal framework from the perspectives of implementers and recipients of services.

Non-binary gender markers: Mobility, migration, and media reception in Europe and beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 135050682110248
Author(s):  
C L Quinan ◽  
Mina Hunt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Reception ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Border Surveillance ◽  
Binary Gender

Although European Union legal frameworks tend to conceive of sex and gender in binary terms, a growing number of countries in Europe and around the world have been increasingly allowing for third gender markers and non-binary possibilities in identity documents, passports, and public registries, of which the X marker in the sex or gender field has become the most common. However, initiatives like the X, which may initially signal trans-friendliness, must be considered alongside heightened border surveillance. As more and more European countries begin to follow this trend of expanding possibilities for registering (non-binary) gender (e.g. Malta, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands), we look here to some illustrative examples (e.g. Nepal, Canada, Pakistan) that have been at the forefront of non-binary legal recognition to interrogate the complications and conundrums that these developments may provoke in European contexts.

scholarly journals Case Report: Adolescent With Autism and Gender Dysphoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Zupanič ◽  
Ivona Kruljac ◽  
Mojca Šoštarič Zvonar ◽  
Maja Drobnič Radobuljac
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Bilateral Mastectomy ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
And Gender

There is increasing clinical evidence of an association between gender variability, gender dysphoria (GD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This seems to be a two-way relationship, a person with GD is more likely to be diagnosed with ASD and vice versa. In youth, it is important to distinguish whether the presented symptoms are a manifestation of ASD focus on special interests or symptoms of co-occurring GD. This distinction is crucial in the process of planning reversible and especially irreversible medical procedures in the context of treatment. We present the case of a birth-assigned female adolescent with GD, who enrolled in our clinic at the age of 16.5 years with “being transgender” as her main complaint accompanied by a wish for surgical breast removal. His (as the patient prefers to use male pronouns) medical and developmental history involved obesity, hyperlipidemia, delays in social and language development and specific interests and rituals. He presented with half a year of untreated depression, suicidal thoughts and non-suicidal self-injuring, social phobia and relative social isolation. Comprehensive clinical assessments revealed a female karyotype (46, XX), normal female genitalia and unremarkable hormonal status. Clinical psychological assessments reported GD, ASD with average intellectual abilities and co-occurring symptoms of depression and anxiety. Other disorders, such as psychosis, personality disorder and dysmorphophobia, were excluded during longer-term diagnostic and psychotherapeutic processes. Our first aim was to build a good therapeutic alliance with the patient and treat depression and suicidality. He refused to take sertraline, but took a St. John's Wort over-the-counter peroral preparation in the form of infusions. His mood improved, he was no longer suicidal and started social transitioning, yet he remained socially phobic. At the time of writing, he is 20 years old, waiting for bilateral mastectomy and receiving regular triptorelin depot and testosterone depot intramuscular injections. Even though the diagnostic procedures and transition process in autistic gender diverse adolescents may take longer than in non-autistic individuals, ASD is not a contraindication to the gender transition process. We present a well-documented case of a slow social and medical transition resulting in gradual improvement of co-occurring symptoms of GD.

Transphobic attitude: In physicians who play an active role in the gender transition process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Durcan ◽  
Serdar Sahin ◽  
Gizem Durcan ◽  
Yasin Kavla ◽  
Ozkaya Hande Mefkure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Gender Transition
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