scholarly journals Intrapreneurs and entrepreneurs — Do they differ in Romania?

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamária Dézsi-Benyovszki ◽  
Tünde Petra Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Individual

This study focuses on the theory of planned behaviour in order to understand and to predict the entrepreneurial behaviour of Romanian early-stage entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, identifying the main differences among them. We first present the individual level analysis of these new venture creators using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey database of Romania from 2011 to 2014, followed by the estimation of logistic regressions in order to test the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in predicting entrepreneurial behaviour. We aim to contribute to the understanding of differences in start-up activities by broadening the concept of start-up to include intrapreneurship as well. The findings of this study provide partial support of the theory of planned behaviour.

Missing entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Aleksandrova ◽  
Christopher J. Gerry ◽  
Olga Verkhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action

Purpose Compared with other emerging and former command economies, Russia has low levels of entrepreneurial activity and exceptionally low levels of reported entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this paper aims to examine the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions in Russia. Design/methodology/approach Using individual level data from two waves (2013 and 2018) of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey, the paper presents a range of semi-nonparametric logistic regressions estimating the determinants of reported entrepreneurial intention among the Russian adult population not already engaged in entrepreneurial activity. These data allow for the first empirical exploration of the TPB in the Russian context. Findings The results provide evidence in support of two (“attitudes” and “perceived behavioural control”), from three, origins of the theory of planned behaviour. Firstly, positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship, in the form of employment seeking and direct (own experience) or indirect (experience through social networks) entrepreneurial knowledge are both positively associated with intention. Secondly, individuals who consider their environment to be conducive to entrepreneurship and who believe they have the knowledge and skills required to be entrepreneurs are more likely to intend entrepreneurial action. Originality/value In view of the limited entrepreneurial activity and low levels of reported entrepreneurial intention in Russia, it is important to understand the drivers of these intentions if the appropriate policy responses are to be identified and adopted. This research represents the first substantive efforts to comprehensively examine the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions for Russia and allows us to propose several policy relevant conclusions.

scholarly journals Homophily and peer influence in early-stage new venture informal investment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Qin ◽  
Tomasz Mickiewicz ◽  
Saul Estrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Experience ◽  
Informal Investment ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Conceptualising early-stage new venture informal investors as co-entrepreneurs whose actions are socially embedded, we examine the role of social influence and how it interplays with entrepreneurial experience at the individual level leading to informal investment. We extend theories of social homophily and social influence to argue that informal investment decisions are influenced by shared experience and entrepreneurism in peer groups. We test our hypotheses with a multi-level model using first a large cross-country dataset and next in depth within a country. Our analysis reveals that both individual entrepreneurship experience and peer group-embedded experience significantly influence the likelihood that an individual becomes an early-stage investor. Furthermore, these social effects substitute for the lack of individual entrepreneurial experience.

Determinants of Export Oriented Entrepreneurs from Southeast Europe Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-452
Author(s):  
Bojan Leković ◽  
Miodrag Petrović ◽  
Nemanja Berber
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
South East Europe

Abstract The subject of this research represents analysis of internationalisation activity of early-stage entrepreneurs in South East Europe region (SEE). The goal of this study is to determine characteristics of export oriented entrepreneurs from SEE region through the study of factors influencing international orientation. Geographical area of this research consists of countries from the South East Europe region. The research sample was formed on the basis of GEM - Global Individual Level Data, covering six countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR of Macedonia), 12027 respondents of which 645 export-oriented entrepreneurs were identified. Collected data are processed using the software package for statistical analysis. With the help of Ordinal Logistic regression, significant influence of individual factors on the international orientation of entrepreneurs was identified. Research results showed that entrepreneurial motives, entrepreneurial KSA’s, innovation and new technology have a positive relationship with internationalization activity. One of the significant limitations of this paper is the lower Nagelkerk coefficient, which is characteristic for social phenomena. Bearing in mind the fact that this research trying to explain entrepreneurial behaviour, lower coefficients can be very meaningfull.

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

Linking Key Performance Indicators to New International Venture Survival

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Yasheng Chen ◽  
Johnny Jermias
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Financial Performance Measures

ABSTRACT Based on the four major challenges firms face in the early stage of their life cycle, we identify and use financial and non-financial performance measures to predict the survivability of new international ventures. We use a sample of 3,729 new manufacturing ventures from the Chinese Foreign Invested Enterprises Database. The study sample consists of wholly owned ventures of multi-national corporations (MNCs) and joint ventures between pairs comprising foreign and local investors in China. The results are consistent with the study's hypotheses. Using the Cox (1972) survival model, we find that employee training, employee productivity, accounts receivable collection period, export intensity, and sales growth are positively related to new venture survival. This study contributes to the existing business venturing and accounting literature in three ways. First, it fills the gap in the existing literature on bankruptcy prediction by focusing on firms in the early stage of their life cycle. Second, it uses survivability as a measure of business success. Survivability is a more comprehensive measure of firm performance than traditional financial measures during the start-up stage because during this stage firms tend to carry large losses that make financial measures inappropriate. Finally, this study has the potential to help new venture managers improve a firm's chances of success by using customized performance measures that fit its unique situation. JEL Classifications: D21; G32; M41.

scholarly journals Regional Cultural Context as a Determinant of Entrepreneurial Behaviour: The Case of Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-118
Author(s):  
Kadri Arrak ◽  
Anneli Kaasa ◽  
Urmas Varblane
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Original Approach

This exploratory article aims to take first steps towards understanding whether a regional cultural background has, among other determinants, an influence on a person’s entrepreneurial behaviour, relying on the example of Germany. A multilevel approach is applied combining the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor individual-level data about entrepreneurship with up-to-date cultural dimensions indicators based on Hofstede’s original approach at the regional (NUTS 1) level. The results indicate that regional cultural context is an important determinant of entrepreneurial behaviour. At that, different cultural dimensions have different impacts, and the impact also differs across different stages of entrepreneurship. A lower level of uncertainty avoidance in a region could have a positive impact on early-stage entrepreneurship, whereas the established business ownership seems to be encouraged by a lower level of power distance.

Entrepreneurial intentions and start-ups: Are women or men more likely to enact their intentions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Shinnar ◽  
Dan K Hsu ◽  
Benjamin C Powell ◽  
Haibo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Management Students ◽  
Start Ups

While empirical data clearly show that women are underrepresented among entrepreneurs, the causes of this gap are entirely not clear. This article explores one potential cause: that women might be less likely to act on their entrepreneurial intentions. Building on Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, we propose that intentions predict start-up behaviours, that is, that there is an intention–behaviour link. We then apply social role theory to propose that the intention–behaviour link is moderated by sex. Analysing data drawn from a sample of US-based management students during their first session in an introductory entrepreneurship course, at the end of the course, on their graduation and at a point up to three years after graduation, we find support for the intention–behaviour link and moderation of this link by sex. We identify additional contributions from our study and implications of our findings for addressing the sex gap in entrepreneurship.

EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR PROMOTING STUDENTS' ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILKE TEGTMEIER
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Empirical Implications

Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggests empirical implications to promote students' entrepreneurial intentions. In the course of an empirical study with 208 German students, regression analyses confirm that attitude, social norm, and perceived behavioural control contribute substantially to the prediction of start-up intentions. The use of index based measurements shows that entrepreneurial intention is significantly influenced by all three constructs (R2 = 0.446). As beliefs based on information and experiences are decisive in order to emerge an intention, a promoting approach should start here. Following the TPB, changes at singular points are not sufficient. A discussion of concrete beliefs provides implications for future research as well as for practical interventions.

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