scholarly journals Effect of methionine deficiency on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the small intestine of broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ruan ◽  
Lingjun Li ◽  
Yingnan Lyu ◽  
Qin Luo ◽  
Bangyuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Methionine Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methionine (Met) deficiency on antioxidant functions (in the duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosa) and apoptosis in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were divided into two groups and fed a Metdeficient diet and a control diet, respectively, for six weeks. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the ability to inhibit hydroxyl radicals, and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly decreased in the Met-deficient group compared to the control. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly higher in the Met-deficient group. As measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2’-deoxyuridine 5’- triphosphate dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry (FCM), the percentages of apoptotic cells were significantly increased. In conclusion, dietary Met deficiency can cause oxidative stress and then induce increased apoptosis in the intestine. Oxidative stress contributes to intestinal apoptosis. This results in the impairment of local intestinal mucosal immunity due to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the small intestine. The results of this study provide new experimental evidence for understanding the negative effects of Met deficiency on mucosal immunity or the functions of other immune tissues.

scholarly journals Methionine Deficiency Affects Liver and Kidney Health, Oxidative Stress, and Ileum Mucosal Immunity in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Song ◽  
Min Fu ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Methionine Deficiency ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Grower Diet ◽  
Kidney Health

Methionine (Met) is the first limiting amino acid in broiler diets, but its unclear physiological effects hamper its effective use in the poultry production industry. This study assessed the effect of a Met-deficient (MD) diet on chicken liver and kidney health, exploring the associated mechanisms of antioxidant capacity and ileum mucosal immunity. Seventy-two broilers were administered either the control diet (0.46% Met in starter diet, 0.36% Met in grower diet) or the MD diet (0.22% Met in starter diet, 0.24% Met in grower diet). Liver and kidney samples were collected every 14 days for anatomical, histological, and ultrastructural analyses, accompanied by oxidative stress assessment. Meanwhile, T- and B-lymphocyte abundance and essential cytokine gene expression were measured in the ileum, the center of the gut–liver–kidney axis. Signs of kidney and liver injury were observed morphologically in the MD group at 42 days of age. Furthermore, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and uric acid levels were decreased in the MD group compared with the control group, accompanied by decreased superoxide dismutase activity, increased malondialdehyde content, decreased numbers of T and B lymphocytes, and decreased cytokine expression in the ileum, such as IL-2, IL-6, LITAF, and IFN-γ. These results suggest that MD can induce kidney and liver injury, and the injury pathway might be related to oxidative stress and intestinal immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Diet Supplementation with a Bioactive Pomace Extract from Olea europaea Partially Mitigates Negative Effects on Gut Health Arising from a Short-Term Fasting Period in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Herrero-Encinas ◽  
Marta Blanch ◽  
José J. Pastor ◽  
David Menoyo
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The effects of supplementing chicken diets with an olive pomace extract (OE) from Olea europaea on performance and gut health after a challenge of intestinal permeability (IP) increase were studied. Treatments included a control diet with no additives (CF), and diets supplemented with 100 ppm of monensin (MF) or with 500 (OE500F) and 1500 ppm (OE1500F) of an OE. At 14 d, all birds, except those allocated in a control group (CNF), were submitted to a 15.5 h short-term fasting period to induce IP increase. Fasting increased (p < 0.05) lactulose/mannitol ratio and Alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein concentration, and reduced (p < 0.001) villus/crypt ratio. Moreover, a down-regulation of Claudin-1 (p < 0.05), an up-regulation of TLR4 and IL-8 (p < 0.05) ileal gene expression was observed in CF birds compared to CNF. OE500F treatment reduced duodenal crypt depth compared to CF (p < 0.05; OE linear effect). Mannitol concentration and ileal IL-8 expression were reduced in OE500F compared to CF and OE1500F (p = 0.05). Fasting challenge induced an increase in IP triggering an inflammatory response. Supplementation of OE up to 1500 ppm did not affect growth performance and alleviated some of the negative effects of the fasting challenge.

scholarly journals Modern Hybrid Rye, as an Alternative Energy Source for Broiler Chickens, Improves the Absorption Surface of the Small Intestine Depending on the Intestinal Part and Xylanase Supplementation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Janine Donaldson ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
Anna Arczewka-Włosek ◽  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Sylwia Szymańczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Hybrid Rye

The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn–wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. A total of 224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven replicate cages of eight birds/replicate. A 2 × 2 factorial study design was used, with rye inclusion (0% or 20%) and xylanase supplementation (0 or 200 mg/kg of feed) as factors. Inclusion of rye increased duodenal and ileal crypt depth, villi height, the villus-to-crypt ratio and absorption surface area (p < 0.05), and ileal mucosa thickness and crypt width (p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation attenuated the effects of rye in the duodenum and ileum and decreased the villi height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Rye and xylanase had no effect on the spatial distribution of claudin 3 and ZO-1 protein, but xylanase supplementation reduced the amount of claudin 3 in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 20% inclusion of modern hybrid rye to the diets of broilers improved the structure of the duodenum and ileum, but these effects were attenuated by xylanase supplementation.

Concurrent supplementation of arginine and antioxidant vitamins E and C reduces oxidative stress in broiler chickens after a challenge withEimeriaspp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dominguez ◽  
A. Pro-Martinez ◽  
C. Narciso-Gaytán ◽  
A. Hernández-Cázares ◽  
E. Sosa-Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Gpx Activity

Dominguez P.A., Pro-Martinez, A., Narciso-Gaytán, C., Hernández-Cázares, A., Sosa-Montes, E., Perez-Hernandez, P., Caldwell, D. and Ruiz-Feria, C. A. 2015. Concurrent supplementation of arginine and antioxidant vitamins E and C reduces oxidative stress in broiler chickens after a challenge with Eimeria spp. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 143–153. Oxidation is a major problem associated with pathogen damage in animals. One-day-old mixed-sex broiler chicks (Cobb 500; n=624) were randomly assigned to one of six treatments: a basal diet [CTL; 40 mg of vitamin E (VE) kg−1of feed and 1.5% Arginine (Arg)] or the basal diet plus Arg (ARG; 0.3%), Arg+VE (AVE; 0.3% and 40 mg kg−1respectively), Arg+vitamin C (VC) (AVC; 0.3% and 1 g kg−1respectively), VE+VC (VEC; 40 mg+1 g kg−1respectively), or Arg+VE+VC (AVEC; 0.3%+40 mg+1 g kg−1respectively). At day 14, all birds were orally challenged with 100× the normal dose of Advent®coccidiosis vaccine (450 000 oocysts). Intestinal lesion scores (LS) in duodenum, jejunum and ceca were recorded, along with relative immune system organ weights at day 23. Plasma samples were taken before (2 h) and after challenge (12, 24 and 48 h) to determine malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Birds fed the VEC diet were heavier at 7 d (P<0.05) than birds fed the AVE diet. CTL birds had heavier (P<0.05) bursas than AVC birds; no differences among treatments for spleen and thymus were found. The jejunum LS was lower in the AVC and VEC birds than in CTL birds, whereas ceca LS was highest in AVE birds, and the duodenum LS was not affected by treatment. Birds fed the AVEC diet had the lowest MDA levels before challenge, but higher levels of MDA than birds fed the CTL, ARG or AVE 12 h after challenge. Before challenge ARG birds had higher (P<0.05) NO levels than AVEC-fed birds, but 12 h after challenge birds fed the CTL, ARG or AVE diet had lower NO levels than birds fed the AVC, VEC or AVEC diet. Before challenge AVEC-fed birds had higher (P<0.001) GPx activity than CTL, ARG and AVE birds, but after 12, 24 and 48 h VEC birds showed higher GPx activity than CTL, ARG- and AVE-fed birds. Although Arg, VE and VC, modulated oxidative stress during coccidiosis challenge, the effects were not sufficient to affect performance relative to the control diet.

Micro-encapsulated sodium butyrate attenuates oxidative stress induced by corticosterone exposure and modulates apoptosis in intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jiang ◽  
W. H. Zhang ◽  
F. Gao ◽  
G. H. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Apoptosis Index

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of micro-encapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by dietary corticosterone (CORT) in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. In total, 120 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups and were fed on a control diet (without MSB) or 0.4 g MSB/kg diet. Each treatment had six replicates with five chickens each. From 7 days of age onward, 50% of the chickens in each dietary treatment were subjected to CORT treatment (30 mg/kg of diet). The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that CORT administration decreased (P < 0.001) feed intake and bodyweight gain and increased (P < 0.001) feed to gain ratio (F : G) of broiler chickens. The dietary MSB supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) F : G and there was an interaction between MSB and CORT on F : G (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in intestinal mucosa were decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), and the concentrations of malondialdehyde in the intestinal mucosa were elevated (P < 0.01) by CORT administration. In contrast, treatment of MSB increased (P < 0.01) the catalase activities in duodenal and jejunal mucosa and decreased (P < 0.01) the malondialdehyde concentrations in duodenal mucosa. Higher apoptosis index and lower mRNA expressions of bcl-2 in intestinal epithelial cells were induced (P < 0.05) by CORT treatment. However, MSB decreased (P < 0.05) the apoptosis index and increased the bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that dietary MSB can partially attenuate oxidative stress induced by CORT treatment and inhibit apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary fortification of cassava peel meal with Calapogonium mucunoides on performance of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
E. K Ndelekwute ◽  
C. O Okereke ◽  
E. D Assam ◽  
U. O. Effiong
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cassava Peel

The use of cassava peel meal (CPM) in broiler diets is not popular due to its negative effects. Hence an experiment was conducted to determine its dietary effect when fortified with Calapogonium mucunoides. One hundred and forty-four (144) one day-old Hubbard chicks were used. There were six dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) containing 24 birds each. Each treatment was replicated three times with 8 birds each on completely randomized design (CRD). T1 was the control diet containing no CPM. Treatments 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 contained CPM fortified with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% C. mucunoides respectively. The CPM was fortified by substituting it for equal amount of C. mucunoides, mixed, ground, dried and sieved. Starter phase lasted for 28 days and finisher phase 21 days. The birds were fed and water given ad libitum for 49 days. At the starter phase fortified and non-fortified CPM did not improve performance compared to the control treatment. Non-fortified, 10% and 40% fortified CPM reduced live weight and feed intake. However, 20 and 30% C. mucunoides fortified CPM improved these parameters compared to the non-fortified group. Feed: gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio of the control and 20% fortified treatment were similar (P>0.05). Except protein efficiency ratio which was improved by 20% over the control treatment, fortification did not improve performance at the finisher phase. Live weight was better in 20% than in non-fortified. Feed and protein intakes were similar in non-fortified and fortified CPM. It was concluded that fortification of CPM with 20% Calapogonium mucunoides improved protein efficiency in broiler chickens. 

scholarly journals Effect of zinc nanoparticles on embryo and chicken growth, and the content of zinc in tissues and faeces

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
M Łukasiewicz ◽  
A Łozicki ◽  
N.H. Casey ◽  
A Chwalibog ◽  
J Niemiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Zinc Nanoparticles ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
High Bioavailability

The hypothesis was that owing to their high bioavailability, zinc oxide nanoparticles (NanoZnO) can effectively replace (Zn) salts and reduce Zn excretion with faeces. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NanoZnO on the development of chicken embryos, the growth of broiler chickens, and Zn excretion with faeces. At day 1 of incubation, 120 eggs were randomly divided between a control group (not injected) and groups injected with a hydrocolloid of NanoZnO in increasing concentrations (50, 100, 500 mg/L). At day 19 of incubation, no differences were observed in the bodyweight, but 100 and 500 mg/L affected liver and heart weights, indicating that high levels of NanoZnO may induce differential organ development. In the subsequent experiment, 308 chickens were randomly divided into six groups. The control diet was supplemented with 55 mg Zn/kg (standard level), the 0 group received no Zn supplement, and groups fed NanoZnO received 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the standard level. The 100% replacement of ZnO with NanoZnO increased the chickens’ bodyweight compared with the standard level of ZnO, but to the same level as the diet without ZnO supplementation. Furthermore, NanoZnO did not reduce the content of Zn in faeces, which was only significantly lower in the group without ZnO supplementation in comparison with other groups. The results indicate that the replacement of ZnO with NanoZnO had no negative effects on chicken growth. Compared with ZnO, NanoZnO did not reduce Zn excretion with faeces. Keywords: broiler, development, excretion, mineral, nanonutrition

scholarly journals High levels of dietary methionine improves sitagliptin-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Rashmi Pathak ◽  
Henry A. Palfrey ◽  
Kirsten P. Stone ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Feeding Diets

Abstract Background Both cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met, a precursor for homocysteine) are risk factors for fatty liver disease. Since Western diets are rich in Cho and Met, we investigated the hepatic effects of feeding a diet enriched in Met and Cho. Further, based on the reported anti-oxidative and lipid lowering properties of sitagliptin (an antidiabetic drug), we tested whether it could counteract the negative effects of high Cho and Met. We therefore hypothesized that sitagliptin would ameliorate the development of liver pathology that is produced by feeding diets rich in either Cho, Met, or both. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad libitum a) control diet, or b) high Met or c) high Cho, or d) high Met + high Cho diets for 35 days. From day 10 to 35, 50% of rats in each dietary group were gavaged with either vehicle or an aqueous suspension of sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/day). Liver samples were harvested for histological, molecular, and biochemical analyses. Results The high Cho diet produced significant hepatic steatosis which was unaffected by sitagliptin. Contrary to expectation, sitagliptin exacerbated expression of hepatic markers of oxidative stress and fibrosis in rats fed high Cho. Corresponding increases in 4-hydroxynonenal adducts and collagen deposition were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and sirius red staining. These hepatic changes were absent in rats on the high Met diet and they were comparable to controls. The inclusion of Met in the high Cho diet resulted in significant reduction of the hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis produced by high Cho alone. Conclusion Sitagliptin exacerbated the effects of high Cho on both oxidative stress and fibrosis, resulting in NASH like symptoms that were significantly reversed by the inclusion of Met.

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