scholarly journals X- and Y-chromosome-specific variants of the amelogenin gene allow non-invasive sex diagnosis for the detection of pseudohermaphrodite goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Fábián ◽  
András Kovács ◽  
Viktor Stéger ◽  
Krisztián Frank ◽  
István Egerszegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amelogenin Gene ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Male Sex

The Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS) is responsible for the absence of horns in homozygous and heterozygous goats causing a female-to-male sex reversal in the homozygous polled genotypic female (XX) goats. A simple and efficient non-invasive method was elaborated to detect the genotypic sex from hair and faecal samples using a pair of primers to amplify the X- and Y-linked alleles of the amelogenin gene. The PCR products were easily distinguishable using agarose gel electrophoresis: we detected an X-specific single band in samples originating from healthy phenotypic females and double (X- and Y-) bands in samples from males. The new PCR method is applicable for diagnosing the sex of PIS-affected animals already as newborn kids, in contrast with the phenotypic findings appearing only after puberty, and thus it may replace the cumbersome chromosome investigations.

scholarly journals Sex determination in gibbons of genus Nomascus using non-invasive method

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Bolechová ◽  
Kateřina Ječmínková ◽  
Michal Hradec ◽  
Tomáš Kott ◽  
Jana Doležalová
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Template Dna

Gibbons of the genus Nomascus have a strong sexual dimorphism and dichromatism. As they mature, both sexes develop sex-specific pelage colour. In combination with physical similarities in the genitalia with both sexes, there are problems with determining the sex of young individuals compared to other genus of gibbons. This is a pilot study applying a multiplex polymerase chain reactions based on a non-invasive method for sex determination of gibbons. The study was conducted on 22 faecal samples from gibbons of the genus Nomascus. The animals were monitored by staff so that the samples were identified correctly and each sample was collected immediately after the defecation. Results confirmed the sex in all adult and juvenile animals with known sex; and 2 females and 5 males in juveniles were determined with unknown sex. The results of direct examination completely corresponded with the PCR results. The PCR reaction with template DNA isolated from faecal material required BSA usage, however, we observed the occurrence of nonspecific fragments. This did not affect the reliability of our results and we confirmed the usability of this method for this genus.

An evaluation of the usefulness of invasive and non-invasive methods used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. infections in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jankowski ◽  
J. Spużak ◽  
K. Kubiak ◽  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
M. Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Pcr Method

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the suitability of invasive and non-invasive methods used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. in the stomachs of dogs. The study was carried out on 30 dogs of both sexes and different breeds, between one and 15 years old. A histopathologic examination, a microbiological culture, a rapid urease test, a direct bacteriological preparation and a nested PCR assay were carried out. Gastric Helicobacter spp. was identified in gastric biopsy specimens from 16 (53.3%) dogs using direct bacteriological preparation, in four (13.3%) dogs based on a culture, in 23 (76.6%) dogs using the rapid urease test and in 21 (70,0%) dogs based on a histopathological assessment of the biopsy specimens. The nested PCR of the gastric biopsy specimens revealed gastric Helicobacter spp. in all the dogs (100%). A saliva PCR assay revealed gastric Helicobacter spp. in 23 (76.6%) dogs, while stool PCR revealed the bacterium in seven (23.3%) dogs. We found that invasive methods were more accurate than non-invasive methods in detecting a Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs. In addition, the nested PCR method used to evaluate the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens was the most accurate test for detecting Helicobacter spp. It was further found that the PCR-based saliva assay was the best non-invasive method for detecting Helicobacter spp. However, taking into consideration that most of the diagnostic methods used to detect this bacterium have drawbacks, at least two diagnostic methods should be used to detect Helicobacter spp. as is done in human medicine.

scholarly journals SEX DETERMINATION OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) USING MOLECULAR SEXING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Putu Indra Pramana Wirastika ◽  
Ignatius Pramana Yuda ◽  
Felicia Zahida
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Sexing ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Conventional Methods

<p>Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) are monomorphic at the age of nestling. For the conservation of bird it important is to determine its sex at the earlier stage. Conventional methods have limitations. This study applied PCR-based molecular sexing to answer this issue. This study aimed to obtain the most effective molecular primers to identify the sex of Bali starling. The most common used combination of P2/P8, 2550F/ 2718R and 1237L/1272H primers, which amplify CHD1 gene (Chromo-helicase-DNA-binding) were evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from secondary wing feathers of young Bali Starling. Separation in agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed that the three primers were successfully amplified the samples with different degrees of success, that was 90% (P2/P8), 86.7% (2550F/2718R), and 73.3% (1237L/1272H), respectively. However, only the combination of P2/P4 and 2550F/2718R primers was able to sex Bali Starling based on observation of PCR products on agarose gel. The sizes of the genes were slightly different with those reported on previous studies. Most of the results of molecular sexing were in accordance with the sex based on morphological characters.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong> : Bali starling, Leucopsar rothschildi, molecular sexing, CHD gene</p>

scholarly journals Genetic variability of broodstocks of restocking programs in Brazil

2015 ◽  
pp. 4677-4687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Lopera-Barrero ◽  
Ed Lima ◽  
Luiz Filho ◽  
Elenice Goes ◽  
Pedro Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
General Management ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Salminus Brasiliensis

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of this study was evaluate the genetic diversity of the following broodstocks: piapara (Leporinus elongatus), dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) and cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) already useful for restocking programs in the Paranapanema, Iguaçu and Paraná Brazilian Rivers. Materials and methods. Samples from the caudal fin of 122 fish were analyzed. DNA was extracted by NaCl protocol. PCR products were separated by a horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis. The fragments were visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. Results. The amplification of 25 primers generated different fragments in studied species that allowed characterizing 440 fragments of 100-2900 bp. High percentage of polymorphic fragments (66.67 to 86.29), Shannon index (0.365 to 0.486) and genetic diversity of Nei (0.248 to 0.331) were detected. Conclusions. The level of genetic variability in the broodstocks was adequate for allowing their use in restocking programs in the studied Rivers. However, periodical monitoring studies of genetic variability in these stocks, the mating system, reproductive system and general management must be made to guarantee the preservation of wild populations.RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética de los siguientes lotes de reproductores: piapara (Leporinus elongatus), dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) y cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) utilizados para programas de repoblación en los ríos brasileños Paranapanema, Iguaçu y Paraná. Materiales y métodos. Muestras de aleta caudal de 122 peces fueron analizadas. El ADN fue extraído por el protocolo de NaCl. Los productos de PCR fueron separados por electroforesis horizontal en gel de agarosa. Los fragmentos fueron visualizados por marcación con bromuro de etidio. Resultados. La amplificación de los 25 iniciadores produjo diferentes fragmentos en las especies estudiadas que permitieron caracterizar 440 fragmentos de 100 a 2900 pb. Fueron detectados un alto porcentaje de fragmentos polimórficos (66.67 a 86.29), de índice de Shannon (0.365 a 0.486) y de diversidad genética de Nei (0.248 a 0.331). Conclusiones. El nivel de variabilidad genética en los lotes de reproductores fue adecuado para su utilización en programas de repoblación en los ríos estudiados. Sin embargo, estudios de monitoreo periódico de la variabilidad genética en esos lotes, del sistema de cruzamiento, del sistema reproductivo y del manejo general deben ser realizados para garantizar la preservación de las populaciones naturales. 

Measurement of immunoreactive progestins excreted in faeces as a potential indicator of pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Larter ◽  
P Arcese ◽  
R Rajamahendran ◽  
CC Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Free Ranging

We measured the concentration of immunoreactive progestins extracted from 41 faecal samples of female wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) as a potential indicator of pregnancy. The concentration of faecal progestins fell into two distinct groups, with an approximate 4-fold difference in mean progestin level (1391.9ng g-1 and 58269ng g-1). We suggest that measuring progestin concentration in the faeces of free-ranging animals is a non-invasive method that could be used to assess pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Diet of the Viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from its southern range

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliya Vacheva ◽  
Borislav Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Prey Category ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Glacial Relict

The Viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823) is widespread across Eurasia, but in Bulgaria it is considered a glacial relict, restricted to the high mountains. In spite of its wide distribution, there is still lack of knowledge on its dietary habits, especially from the southern part of the range. In order to shed light on its diet, we conducted а study in three mountain sites in Bulgaria (Vitosha, Rila and Stara Planina Mtns.). They were visited in 2016 and 2017 during the lizard's active season (May–September); 343 Viviparous lizards were captured by hand and measured and weighed. To investigate the food preferences, we adopted a non-invasive method, obtaining faecal samples, which were then analysed under a stereoscopic microscope. A total of 290 faecal samples that could be assigned to individual specimens with determined age and sex were collected. We calculated the relative abundance and occurrence of each prey category. Data were compared by sex and age classes (immatures vs. adults) as a whole and for each of the three sites. A total of 19 prey categories were detected and the number of categories per study site varied between 16 and 18. The most common invertebrates were Araneae and Auchenorrhyncha. Statistically significant differences between immatures and adults were found as adults showed more diverse diet. No such differences between sexes were detected.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation Of Two Techniques Of Sex Determination In Lovebirds (Agapornis Spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen TURCU ◽  
Lucia Victoria BEL ◽  
Tommaso COLLARILE ◽  
Dana Liana PUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Materials Used

Most lovebirds (Agapornis spp.) have no distinct sexual dimorphic traits. The objective of the paper was to compare the results of two sexing methods, surgical sexing by celioscopy and DNA sexing by PCR from blood samples, in order to evaluate their effectiveness. Materials used to carry out the studies were a 2.7 mm telescope and endoscopy unit, surgical instruments and DNA sampling kits provided by Exomed.cz laboratory. Forty-two lovebirds were included in this study. The endoscopic sexing procedure was performed by the method described by Divers. Blood sampling for DNA testing by PCR method was performed from the metatarsal vein. The results were different in the case of one lovebird, endoscopic sexing revealed it as male, compared to DNA testing, where it was identified as female. DNA sexing is a non-invasive method that might be more accurate than celioscopy in this species, and bird owners have easier access to it.

High-density fluorescence in situ hybridization signal detection on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosomes with improved probe screening and reprobing procedures

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Kato
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Break Points

The barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) genome was screened to identify sequences that could be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). From 2000 transformed bacterium colonies carrying barley clones, 56 colonies were selected on the basis of the patterns that their PCR products produced when subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Among them, 42 (75%) exhibited fluorescent signals on barley chromosomes after in situ hybridization using the directly labeled PCR products. Sequencing revealed seven clones, pHv-365, pHv-177, pHv-1112, pHv-689, pHv-1476, pHv-1889, and pHv-1972, to be newly identified FISH-positive sequences. The remainder possess previously described sequences such as 5S, GAA microsatellite, centromere repeats, HVT01, and pHvMWG2315 (324 bp repeat). It is shown here that a combination of five probes, which produce strong signals on barley chromosomes, pHv-38 (5S), pHv-365, pHv-961 (HVT01), GAA, and TAG microsatellites, offer unequivocal recognition of each chromosome. The combination of three probes, i.e., pHv-1123 (barley 324 bp repeat), GAA, and TAG, decorated entire chromosomes with fine dotted signals and was useful for detecting the break points of aberrant chromosomes. The signals’ distributions of pHv-177, pHv-1112, and TAG were highly polymorphic. An improved reprobing procedure and its usefulness are also discussed.

A reliable non-invasive PCR method for takin (Budorcas taxicolor) sex identification based on amelogenin gene

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Jiaojiao Yu ◽  
Rui Xue ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Jiandong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Identification ◽  
Amelogenin Gene ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Budorcas Taxicolor ◽  
Pcr Method

scholarly journals Comparison of agarose gel electrophoresis and RNA-PAGE for rapid detection of rotavirus from faecal samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.B. Dubal ◽  
M. Mawlong ◽  
B. Susngi ◽  
R. Sanjukta ◽  
K. Puro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Faecal Samples
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