Measurement of immunoreactive progestins excreted in faeces as a potential indicator of pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Larter ◽  
P Arcese ◽  
R Rajamahendran ◽  
CC Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Free Ranging

We measured the concentration of immunoreactive progestins extracted from 41 faecal samples of female wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) as a potential indicator of pregnancy. The concentration of faecal progestins fell into two distinct groups, with an approximate 4-fold difference in mean progestin level (1391.9ng g-1 and 58269ng g-1). We suggest that measuring progestin concentration in the faeces of free-ranging animals is a non-invasive method that could be used to assess pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Sex determination in gibbons of genus Nomascus using non-invasive method

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Bolechová ◽  
Kateřina Ječmínková ◽  
Michal Hradec ◽  
Tomáš Kott ◽  
Jana Doležalová
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Template Dna

Gibbons of the genus Nomascus have a strong sexual dimorphism and dichromatism. As they mature, both sexes develop sex-specific pelage colour. In combination with physical similarities in the genitalia with both sexes, there are problems with determining the sex of young individuals compared to other genus of gibbons. This is a pilot study applying a multiplex polymerase chain reactions based on a non-invasive method for sex determination of gibbons. The study was conducted on 22 faecal samples from gibbons of the genus Nomascus. The animals were monitored by staff so that the samples were identified correctly and each sample was collected immediately after the defecation. Results confirmed the sex in all adult and juvenile animals with known sex; and 2 females and 5 males in juveniles were determined with unknown sex. The results of direct examination completely corresponded with the PCR results. The PCR reaction with template DNA isolated from faecal material required BSA usage, however, we observed the occurrence of nonspecific fragments. This did not affect the reliability of our results and we confirmed the usability of this method for this genus.

scholarly journals X- and Y-chromosome-specific variants of the amelogenin gene allow non-invasive sex diagnosis for the detection of pseudohermaphrodite goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Fábián ◽  
András Kovács ◽  
Viktor Stéger ◽  
Krisztián Frank ◽  
István Egerszegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amelogenin Gene ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Male Sex

The Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS) is responsible for the absence of horns in homozygous and heterozygous goats causing a female-to-male sex reversal in the homozygous polled genotypic female (XX) goats. A simple and efficient non-invasive method was elaborated to detect the genotypic sex from hair and faecal samples using a pair of primers to amplify the X- and Y-linked alleles of the amelogenin gene. The PCR products were easily distinguishable using agarose gel electrophoresis: we detected an X-specific single band in samples originating from healthy phenotypic females and double (X- and Y-) bands in samples from males. The new PCR method is applicable for diagnosing the sex of PIS-affected animals already as newborn kids, in contrast with the phenotypic findings appearing only after puberty, and thus it may replace the cumbersome chromosome investigations.

scholarly journals Diet of the Viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from its southern range

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliya Vacheva ◽  
Borislav Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Prey Category ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Glacial Relict

The Viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823) is widespread across Eurasia, but in Bulgaria it is considered a glacial relict, restricted to the high mountains. In spite of its wide distribution, there is still lack of knowledge on its dietary habits, especially from the southern part of the range. In order to shed light on its diet, we conducted а study in three mountain sites in Bulgaria (Vitosha, Rila and Stara Planina Mtns.). They were visited in 2016 and 2017 during the lizard's active season (May–September); 343 Viviparous lizards were captured by hand and measured and weighed. To investigate the food preferences, we adopted a non-invasive method, obtaining faecal samples, which were then analysed under a stereoscopic microscope. A total of 290 faecal samples that could be assigned to individual specimens with determined age and sex were collected. We calculated the relative abundance and occurrence of each prey category. Data were compared by sex and age classes (immatures vs. adults) as a whole and for each of the three sites. A total of 19 prey categories were detected and the number of categories per study site varied between 16 and 18. The most common invertebrates were Araneae and Auchenorrhyncha. Statistically significant differences between immatures and adults were found as adults showed more diverse diet. No such differences between sexes were detected.

scholarly journals Effects of active and passive enrichment regimes on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirali Panchal ◽  
Chena Desai ◽  
Ratna Ghosal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

Environmental enrichment improves health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards, one of the popular zoo animals, as a model system to understand effects of active (interacting) and passive (noninteracting) enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive individuals. We included three enrichment categories, category ‘A’ (having both active: large size cage, and passive: controlled temperature, playback of forest sounds and sound proof glasses to filter visitors’ noise, enrichment elements), category ‘B’ (active enrichment type I, small size cage with air coolers), and category C (active enrichment type II, medium size cage without air coolers) for the leopards (n=14) housed in two Indian zoos. We standardized a non-invasive method to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels in captive leopards. The standardized fGCM assay was further validated by analysing samples from free-ranging leopards, as well. The fGCM levels (Mean±SE) were 10.45±2.01 and 0.95±0.003μg/g dry wt of feces in captive and free-ranging leopards, respectively. Our results demonstrated that fGCM levels of leopards in categories B and C were significantly (P<0.05) different from each other, thus, indicating cage size (an active enrichment element) as an important factor in influencing the physiology of the sampled animals. Overall, the findings of the study will contribute towards informing policies for management of the Indian leopards.

scholarly journals Highly Versatile, Non-Invasive Method for Collecting Buccal DNA from Free-Ranging Non-Human Primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aru Toyoda ◽  
Kazunari Matsudaira ◽  
Tamaki Maruhashi ◽  
Suchinda Malaivijitnond ◽  
Yoshi Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Allelic Dropout ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Free Ranging

ABSTRACTNon-invasive techniques for collection of DNA samples of suitable quality and quantity are important for improving the efficiency of genetic wildlife research. The development of a non-invasive method for collection of DNA samples from wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) is described herein. Polyester rope was cut into 10 cm pieces, which were then soaked in a 20% sugar solution to bait individuals. Rope swabs were immediately collected and transferred to a lysis buffer solution after subjects had picked up, chewed, and discarded them. DNA was later extracted from the buffer. Quantitative real-time PCR and both allelic dropout and genotype failure rates were used to compare the quantity and quality of the buccal DNA samples to those of intestinal slough cell DNA samples collected from freshly dropped feces. The buccal samples yielded significantly more DNA (27.1 ± 33.8 ng/μL) than did the fecal samples (11.4 ± 15.4 ng/μL) and exhibited lower allelic dropout and genotyping failure rates for the 10 autosomal microsatellites investigated. Buccal cell collection was also simple, inexpensive, reliable, and less time-consuming compared to fecal sampling. Thus, this method should facilitate genome-wide studies of non-human primates and other wildlife species.

scholarly journals Stool serology: development of a non-invasive immunological method for the detection of Enterovirus-specific antibodies in Congo gorilla faeces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssouf Sereme ◽  
Sandra Madariaga Zarza ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Florence Fenollar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Humoral Responses

AbstractThe incidence of poliovirus has significantly reduced by as much as 99.9% globally. Alongside this, however, vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis has emerged. Recently, a new recombinant virus (Enterovirus C/Poliovirus) was identified in humans working as eco-guards and in gorillas in Democratic Republic of Congo, including one gorilla with polio-like sequelae. A strain of this recombinant virus (Ibou002) was also isolated from gorilla faeces. In order to assess the potential role of poliovirus infection, we have developed and optimised a protocol, based on the lyophilisation and solubilisation of small volumes of stool extracts, to detect specific antibodies. First, total immunoglobulins was detected in the concentrated stool extracts. Specific antibodies were then detected in 4/16 gorilla samples and 2/3 human samples by western blot using both the polio vaccine antigen and the Ibou002 antigen and by ELISA using the polio vaccine antigen. Humoral responses were greater with the Ibou002 antigen. We therefore suggest that this recombinant virus could lead to a polio-like disease in the endangered western lowland gorilla. The development of a non-invasive method to detect microorganism-specific immunoglobulins from faecal samples opens up new perspectives for the exploration of humoral responses of pathogens in animals and a greater understanding of zoonotic infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The fecal microbiota of semi-free-ranging wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Weese ◽  
Todd Shury ◽  
Murray D Jelinski
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Free Ranging

Faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in the free-ranging bandicoots (Perameles nasuta and Isoodon obesulus) of northern Sydney

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dowle ◽  
Koa N. Webster ◽  
Elizabeth Deane
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Ectoparasite Load

Knowledge of how animals cope with their environment is fundamental to the management of free-ranging populations. Urban animals face increased competition for resources, habitat fragmentation and predation. These pressures may impact an individual’s welfare by releasing glucocorticoid hormones in the blood through a response from the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, resulting in altered energy storage and utilisation. This study aimed to determine the applicability of measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in free-ranging bandicoots by using a simple enzyme immunoassay. We used long-nosed and southern brown bandicoots in northern Sydney to investigate whether environmental and demographic variables can influence faecal glucocorticoid metabolites. Long-nosed bandicoots showed similar faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations between suburban backyards and National Park populations. Higher faecal glucocorticoid metabolites were recorded in female southern brown bandicoots than in males, whilst female and male long-nosed bandicoots had similar glucocorticoid metabolite levels. Ectoparasite load, body condition and season did not influence faecal glucocorticoid metabolites. This non-invasive method has a broad application and can be used to provide biological information to guide management of populations within a conservation context.

Developing a non‐invasive method of detecting elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infections using faecal samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie M. Common ◽  
Yaoprapa Yun ◽  
Ayona Silva‐Fletcher ◽  
Chatchote Thitaram ◽  
Thittaya Janyamethakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Invasive Method

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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