scholarly journals Impact of a freeway on the dispersal of ticks and Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: forested resting areas may become Lyme disease hotspots

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
Maria Mulvihill ◽  
Krisztina Szőke ◽  
Enikő Gönczi ◽  
Kinga M. Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Sides

Man-made barriers are well known for their effects on ecosystems. Habitat fragmentation, for instance, is a recognised consequence of modern-day infrastructure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of tick species, as well as the risks of acquiring tick-borne infections in habitats adjacent to a freeway. Therefore, ixodid ticks were collected from the vegetation at two-week intervals (in the main tick season, from March to June) in eight habitats of different types (forest, grove, grassland) along both sides of a freeway. Ixodes ricinus females were molecularly screened for three species of tick-borne bacteria. In the study period, 887 ixodid ticks were collected. These included 704 I. ricinus (79.4%), 51 Dermacentor reticulatus (5.7%), 78 D. marginatus (8.8%), 35 Haemaphysalis inermis (3.9%) and 19 H. concinna (2.1%). There was no significant difference in the abundance of tick species between similar habitats separated by the freeway, except for the absence of Dermacentor spp. on one side. In I. ricinus females, the overall prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was low, and (in part due to this low rate) did not show significant difference between the two sides of the freeway. Rickettsia helvetica had significantly different overall prevalence between two distant habitats along the same side of the freeway (12.3% vs. 31.4%), but not between habitats on the opposite sides. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. showed significantly different overall prevalence between habitats both on the same and on the opposite sides of the freeway (8.6–35.9%), and the difference was higher if relevant habitats were also separated by the freeway. Importantly, the prevalence rate of the Lyme disease agent was highest in a forested resting area of the freeway, and was significantly inversely proportional to the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum (taking into account all evaluated habitats), apparently related to deer population density. Prevalence rates of these bacteria also differed significantly on single sampling occasions between: (1) closely situated habitats of different types; (2) distant and either similar or different habitat types; and (3) habitats on the opposite sides of the freeway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study show that a fenced freeway may contribute to differences in tick species diversity and tick-borne pathogen prevalence along its two sides, and this effect is most likely a consequence of its barrier role preventing deer movements.

scholarly journals Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs, Latvia, 2011–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agne Namina ◽  
Valentina Capligina ◽  
Maija Seleznova ◽  
Rudolfs Krumins ◽  
Darja Aleinikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Different tick species are able to transmit different pathogens, and tick-borne diseases are of substantial concern worldwide for both humans and animals. Environmental changes and changes in the range of tick species, including Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe, can affect the spread of zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from dogs in Latvia, and to explore possible changes between years 2011 and 2016. Results In 2011, only Ixodes ticks (221 Ixodes ricinus and 22 Ixodes persulcatus) were collected from dogs, while in 2016 tick samples belonged to Ixodes ricinus (360), Ixodes persulcatus (2) and Dermacentor reticulatus (27) species. In total, 35.8 and 40.0% of adult ticks were pathogen-positive in 2011 and 2016, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The molecular analysis indicated the presence of 13 tick-borne microorganisms; the most prevalent pathogen was Rickettsia, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group spirochetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia species. Borrelia miyamotoi was also present. A co-infection with two and three tick-borne pathogens was detected in 7.9 and 7.4% of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, respectively. The results of this study confirmed that the spread of novel vectors could bring additional risk of exposure to novel emerging pathogens to pets and their owners, as both Babesia canis and Rickettsia raoultii were shown to be highly associated with Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Latvia. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential danger from the inadvertent introduction of novel disease pathogens and vectors. Awareness of co-infections and Dermacentor reticulatus-related pathogens needs to be increased.

scholarly journals Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Rubel ◽  
Katharina Brugger ◽  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Hans Dautel ◽  
Elisabeth Meyer-Kayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Ixodes Frontalis ◽  
Argas Reflexus ◽  
The One ◽  
Argasid Tick ◽  
First Time

AbstractAn updated and increased compilation of georeferenced tick locations in Germany is presented here. This data collection extends the dataset published some years ago by another 1448 new tick locations, 900 locations of which were digitized from literature and 548 locations are published here for the first time. This means that a total of 3492 georeferenced tick locations is now available for Germany. The tick fauna of Germany includes two species of Argasidae in the genera Argas and Carios and 19 species of Ixodidae in the genera Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes, altogether 21 tick species. In addition, three species of Ixodidae in the genera Hyalomma (each spring imported by migratory birds) and Rhipicephalus (occasionally imported by dogs returning from abroad with their owners) are included in the tick atlas. Of these, the georeferenced locations of 23 tick species are depicted in maps. The occurrence of the one remaining tick species, the recently described Ixodes inopinatus, is given at the level of the federal states. The most common and widespread tick species is Ixodes ricinus, with records in all 16 federal states. With the exception of Hamburg, Dermacentor reticulatus was also found in all federal states. The occurrence of the ixodid ticks Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes hexagonus and I. inopinatus were documented in at least 11 federal states each. The two mentioned argasid tick species were also documented in numerous federal states, the pigeon tick Argas reflexus in 11 and the bat tick Carios vespertilionis in seven federal states. The atlas of ticks in Germany and the underlying digital dataset in the supplement can be used to improve global tick maps or to study the effects of climate change and habitat alteration on the distribution of tick species.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION OF «NEW» PATHOGENS FOR FOCAL INFECTIONS IN IXODES TICKS ON THE TERRITORY OF TULA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
T. V. Kozlova ◽  
T. I. Khomyakova ◽  
V. G. Dedkov ◽  
M. V. Safonova ◽  
L. S. Karan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

The most of ixodes ticks in Tula region belongs to the group of pasture mites. It is generally accepted to estimate the tick’s contamination by the tick-borne encephalitis virus and raoueti inducing Lyme Borellia. The aim of the present work was to educe the aetiologic agents of the set of potentially-enable infections out of ticks Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes сrenulatus collected at the different terrains of Tula Region by PCR method. The results: a considerable number of pathogenic rickettsiae R. raoultii was educes from the ticks D. reticulatus, which including them as the component of mixed infection together with the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent. R. raoultii was determined in more than a half of the cases in ticks I. ricinus including the mixed infection together with ticks’ borreliosis virus and Kemerovo fever agent. Conclusion. The reasons, induced the quantity changes of the ticks’ distribution at Tula Region terrains, apparently promote the rise in frequency of the ticks contamination with the agents of herd tick-transmissive infection. It demand an infectiologist’s attention rise and dictate the necessity of the above mentioned diseases monitoring as well as Fr. tularensis, the tick-borne encephalitis virus and Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Composition of tick species (Acari: Ixodida) on dogs in the urban agglomeration – a multi-year study

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 698-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław M. Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

Ticks parasitizing on dogs belong to mites of the order Ixodida, class Arachnida. In Poland the occurrence of four species has been recorded most frequently: Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus, I. crenulatus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Their importance is due to the fact that they are vectors of many dangerous diseases of humans and animals. The subject of the present study were ticks collected from dogs, patients of several veterinary clinics from the urban agglomeration of the city of Olsztyn. Ticks were collected from May to June in eight consecutive years: 2009–2016. The dominant species was I. ricinus (60.14%) in relation to D. reticulatus (39.71%). In two consecutive years, 2011–2012, single females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were also identified, an exceptional finding of this species in our country. In D. reticulatus, nymphs predominated over females (23.74% vs 16.0%) while in I. ricinus the respective percentage was 29.6% and 30.55%. However, in subsequent years of the study the proportions between nymphs and females varied greatly in both species.

scholarly journals A unique phenomenon of oral-anal contact between ticks observed in two tick species Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Buczek ◽  
Katarzyna Bartosik ◽  
Weronika Buczek ◽  
Alicja Buczek ◽  
Dorota Kulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus

scholarly journals Pathogens carried by Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks including coinfections

2020 ◽  
pp. 466-474
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Unusual Symptoms

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are becoming an emerging threat to the health of both humans and animals. The number of cases of tick-borne diseases, especially Lyme disease, is constantly growing. Over the last several years, coinfections, which could be explained as presence of two of more pathogens in one organism are being observed with growing interest. Their occurrence may lead to severe or unusual symptoms, prolonged disease duration, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Research on this subject concerns mainly ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus, however, literature data suggest that also the species Dermacentor reticulatus plays an important role as a vector of tick-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Occurrence of juvenile Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in three regions in Poland: the final evidence of the conquest

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek ◽  
Ewa Julia Mierzejewska ◽  
Anna Bajer
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
June July

Abstract Background Two populations of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (Western and Eastern) in Poland are among the most dynamic tick populations in Central Europe. Expansion and settlement of ticks in new localizations depend on the presence of suitable hosts, for both adult and juvenile ticks. Methods The current study was planned to complement our previous studies on questing adult ticks and was focused on a collection of juvenile D. reticulatus ticks from rodents from three regions in Poland, defined by the presence/absence of adult ticks (regions of the Western and Eastern tick population and the gap area between them) to confirm the existence of stable populations. Rodent trapping was conducted in open habitats (fallow lands, wasteland and submerged meadows) in 2016–2018 in June, July and/or August to encompass seasonal peaks of larvae and nymph activity. Results Altogether, three tick species were collected, 2866 D. reticulatus, 2141 Ixodes ricinus and 427 Haemaphysalis concinna. Dermacentor reticulatus was the most common (72.3%) and abundant (mean 17.94 ± 2.62 ticks/rodent) tick species on rodents from the Eastern region; in the Western region infestation of rodents was only 6.8%. Ixodes ricinus was found in all three regions and was the only tick species collected from rodents from the gap area. Haemaphysalis concinna was noted only in the Western region. The highest infestation of juvenile D. reticulatus was recorded on voles (Myodes and Microtus spp.), infestation of I. ricinus was the highest on Apodemus mice, and the majority of H. concinna ticks were collected from root voles Alexandromys oeconomus. Conclusions Our study confirmed a stable population of D. reticulatus in Eastern and Central Poland and a lower prevalence and mean abundance of this tick species among rodents from the Western region. A lack of juvenile D. reticulatus on rodents in Niewiadów confirmed the existence of the gap area, free of D. reticulatus ticks. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Study on Prevalence and Major Species Identification of Ixodidae Ticks of Bovine in Soddo Zuria Districts of Wolayta Zone in Southern Nation Nationalities and People’s Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Dereje Darza Asrat Ayza ◽  
Birhanu Lencha Kiffo
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Exotic Breed ◽  
The Difference

A cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 to identify the major ixodidae tick species and their prevalence in Sodo Zuria districts of Wolaita Zone in SNNPR of Ethiopia. A total of 3287(1701 male and 1586 female) adult ixodid ticks were collected from 500 animals during the study period. In this study three genera/sub-genus; Amblyomma, Rh. (Boophilus) and Rhipicephalus and four species were identified. From the three genera Amblyomma takes highest prevalence (45.29%). From four species identified, two of them belong to genus Amblyomma; Amblyommavariegatum and Amblyommacohaerence, one Boophilus; Boophilusdecoloratus and one Rhipicephalus; Rhipicephalusevertsievertsi. The quantitative hierarchy of the tick species was Rh. evertsi (14.40%), A. cohaerence (17.60%), A. variegatum (27.66%) and B. decoloratus (40.34%) in ascending order. Therefore, the result indicated that B. decoloratus (40.34%) and A. variegatum (27.66%) are the most abundant tick species of cattle in Sodo Zuria districts. Except B. decoloratus of which more females than male were collected, the number of male ticks counted were exceed those of female. The result of this study also demonstrated a significance variation (p<0.05) on infestation between local, cross and exotic breed cattle’s with highest prevalence in exotic breeds (75%),than both cross (56.2%) and local (68%) breeds and poor body conditioned cattle’s. Although a comparatively higher infestation was found on animals > 4 years compared with ≤ 4 year ones and between females than males and the difference was not statistically significant (p >0.05). Acaricide application was the main tick control method in the study area. Thus strategic application of acaricides might minimize the burden of ticks on the cattle of the study area.

scholarly journals Measurement of loosening torque of prosthetic components in Morse taper connection implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Dimas João Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Giordano Maciel Silva ◽  
Daiane Cerutti-Kopplin ◽  
Jefferson Ricardo Pereira ◽  
Keila Cristina Raush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Student’S T Test

AIM: The aim of this study was to verify two different types of interfaces in Morse taper connection implants, relating the mechanical resistance to a loosening torque that is required to separate or move the prosthetic abutment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten Morse taper connection implants and their respective abutments were divided into two groups (n = 5), DH (double hexagon) interface and OI (octagonal implant) interface. A standard insertion of implants was performed in a stainless steel base, where each abutment received a sequence of two consecutive tightening torques at a 10-minute interval, followed by a loosening torque, which was measured using a digital torque gauge. The Student’s t-test with a 5% significance level was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant difference in the loosening torque values compared with DH torque values (p < 0.05). However, the difference between tightening and loosening torque values was not statistically significant in the OI group (p = 0.465). CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there was a difference in the torque required to loosen the abutment screws between the DH group and the OI group, with the latter showing better results.

scholarly journals Prevalence and monitoring of ixodid ticks in the western region of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Levytska ◽  
Andrii Mushynskyi ◽  
Andrii Berezovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Wooded Area ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Two Peaks

Ixodes ricinus is the most common tick in Europe, distributed almost throughout the continent, except the northern regions. Dermacentor reticulatus is a widespread species of tick in Europe and Western Asia. The study included monitoring the distribution density and seasonal activity of ticks D. reticulatus and I. ricinus in the natural environment during 2018-2019. A total of 1592 D. reticulatus ticks and 712 I. ricinus ticks were collected in Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv oblasts. There was a tendency to increasing of the number of ticks of both species in 2019 compared to 2018. The largest number of ticks was collected in autumn 2019, during the autumn peak of activity, which amounted to 710 adult ticks. Thus, the average density of ticks of both species collected in the Ternopil region was 40 ticks/1000 m2, in Ivano-Frankivsk – 32 and 45 in Lviv regions in 2018 and 62, 46 and 63 ticks/1000 m2 in 2019, respectively. In the spring of 2018, almost twice as many adult ticks of D. reticulatus were detected as in the fall in all areas. With regard to I. ricinus ticks, we did not observe a statistically significant difference in seasonal activity. In the spring and autumn, two peaks of ticks’ activity were registered in all regions and the average number of ticks in the spring in the meadows was 20 ticks/1000 m2, and on the wooded area – 39 ticks/1000 m2, and in autumn – 17 and 41 ticks/ 1000 m2 respectively. During both years and in all three oblasts, females prevailed over males during all the period. Although the density of ticks of both species in all areas was quite high, but the ticks were unevenly distributed. The largest number of D. reticulatus ticks was found in the Lviv region in 2019, which ranged from 46 to 119 ticks/1000 m2. Low and medium density of adult ticks D. reticulatus and I. ricinus, from 11 to 77 ticks/1000 m2 was observed in Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2018. Throughout the study period, the seasonal activity of D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks was significantly affected by air temperature, which fluctuated during collection of ticks.

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