INNOVATIONS EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING CAPILLARITY OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR CLOTHES

2019 ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Sergei Pryvalа ◽  
Valeriy Pryvala ◽  
Anna Malovanа
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
World Market ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Modern textile materials entering the world market do not always correspond to those physical, mechanical and hygienic characteristics, which are indicated in the corresponding accompanying documentation. This creates considerable difficulties in the manufacture of sewing products of various purposes and, most importantly, affects their final quality and service life. In this regard, there is a need for a comprehensive check of modern textile materials to meet the necessary level of their operational properties. For example, one of the most important indicators of hygiene of textile materials is their ability to interact with liquids, such as water or its chemical compounds. Analysis of literary sources showed that the least technically secured is the technique of studying the capillarity of materials, that is, their ability to raise the liquid with fibers at a certain height. This is due to the fact that the specified physical and chemical process is difficult to study, because it is associated with many indicators of materials: the type of their interweaving, thickness, raw material content, the size of fibers, the type of decoration, etc. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of existing techniques and techniques for the study of capillarity over the past 30 years. In particular, existing and projected special devices are considered, the basis of which is the principle of interaction of the experimental material and the column of liquid. In addition, contemporary developments of the Ukrainian scientists in this area are proposed for consideration, the achievements of which have been confirmed by their patentability and official acts of tests.

scholarly journals Trends on the Artificial Fertilizer Market and in Fertilizers Use in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Gergő Ács
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
World Market ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Base

The fertilizer market in Hungary is rather concentrated, which has a strong influence on the price of the fertilizer. Our domestic fertilizer use is primarily determined by that of nitrogen. The use of phosphorus is also significant but the trends in the use of potassium do not match the total quantities applied in individual years. Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of farmers still focus on the application of nitrogen and also apply phosphorus but either neglect or do not pay enough attention to potassium fertilization. The changes in fertilizer prices between 2006 and 2017 can be broken down into two periods. Until 2012 a very important and dynamic increase was observed as a result of which the prices of N, P and K fertilizers increased by 80-120%, 160% and about 120%, respectively. This was followed by a downturn in the market and in relation to 2012 prices there were 20-30/ decreases experienced until 2017 but the rate of this lagged behind the prices in other European countries. Owing to this trend the prices of N, P and K have increased by 60%, 100% and 80%, respectively, over the past ten years. The correlation between fertilizer application and the prices of fertilizers in any given year is low but there is a positive one observed between fertilizer application and the fertilizer prices in the preceding year. This means supposedly that farmers mostly buy the fertilizers they wish to apply not in the current but in the preceding year and store them until these are applied. There is a strong correlation seen between fertilizer prices and the prices of corn and wheat, which means that fertilizer traders also keep tabs on economic results and also increase fertilizer prices under the influence of higher prices. Furthermore, it can be claimed that there is no correlation between crude oil prices on the world market and domestic N fertilizer prices. This is an important factor since the primary base material of N fertilizers is natural gas and their production involves considerable energy costs as well. It can be seen, however, that this is not what determines our domestic fertilizer prices, which can be explained by the fact that the price calculations by the determining actors on the Hungarian fertilizer market is not based on costs but on the demand. JEL Classification: Q13

scholarly journals World corn market: analysis, trends and prospects of its deep processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Natalia Tanklevska ◽  
Viktoriia Petrenko ◽  
Alla Karnaushenko ◽  
Kateryna Melnykova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corn Processing

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of deep processing of corn in Ukraine, taking into account the restraining factors of development, on the basis of the analysis of the state and tendencies of functioning of the world market of corn. Methodology / approach. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – in determining the purpose and formulating conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphical ones – in the assessment, analysis, comparison and establishment of patterns of the current state and trends in the production of corn and its deep processing; program-target one – to substantiate the factors of intensification of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Results. The analysis was carried out and tendencies of world corn production were determined. The shares of countries-producers and countries-consumers of corn were calculated; their dynamics of changes were analyzed. Analysis of the dynamics of prices for corn grain on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange indicates that the price of raw materials is gradually declining, so agricultural enterprises that sell corn as a raw material, lose income from its production. The structure of corn use in different directions in the world was analyzed, and the structure of its use in the USA was considered in more detail. Factors of activation of deep processing of corn were identified. In Ukraine, deep grain processing as an industry is just beginning to develop, so it is worth processing corn, based on the experience of leading countries, such as the USA and China. Estimated costs for the construction of a modern plant for deep processing of corn and income from the implementation of this investment project were calculated. Originality/scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the world corn market; economic substantiation of expediency of corn processing in Ukraine; improving the system of factors to intensify the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results of the study is that they will contribute to the formation of the concept of intensifying the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. The main results can be used by agro-industrial enterprises during the development of deep corn processing projects.

Science and Technology of Reclaimed Rubber

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. le Beau
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plastic State ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Handling

Abstract Developments in the rubber reclaiming industry are closely related to those in the rubber industry in general. The vulcanized rubber produced by the latter becomes in time the raw material used by the former. Although not superficially obvious, there has been considerable change in the reclaiming industry in the past two decades, required by the introduction of large proportions of synthetic rubber. Since this occurs both alone and in blends with natural rubber, reclaiming of SBR had to be studied in detail so that processes could be adjusted to give approximately the same viscosity from synthetic rubber and from natural, retaining existing procedures for fiber removal and mechanical handling as much as possible. It would have been economically impossible for reclaimers to use any process which required segregation and separate disposal of a substantial part of their raw material. The machinery used in the production of reclaim, and the reclaiming processes used today, are for the major part still the same as used before. The object of reclaiming vulcanized scrap is still the same, i.e., the breakdown (depolymerization) of the scrap to a plastic state which will permit reuse of it in the current rubber processing machinery for the manufacture of new goods. This breakdown is achieved by the application of energy. The type of energy is fundamentally irrelevant, but economics today dictate that it be heat, with partial exclusion of the oxidizing atmosphere, and therefore most of today's reclaim production is carried out in steam. One new continuous reclaiming process was developed during the last fifteen years which relies on electric energy to provide the necessary heat and working of the vulcanized scrap. A fundamental change in requirements of reclaim was also brought about once the synthetic rubber production had proceeded to the point where it was commercially possible to assign more detailed specifications which described the polymer processing behavior limits—a feat not previously achieved for commercial natural rubber. This type of specification was carred over to a considerable extent into the production and sale of today's reclaim. All in all, the extensive research and polymer knowledge which were acquired for the successful production of synthetic rubber have resulted in a much greater control in the production of reclaim and a much greater understanding of the reactions occurring in polymers during reclaiming. Because vulcanized scrap usually contains extraneous material (fiber) which must be removed during reclaiming the process conditions have in the past been selected primarily to accomplish this removal and were not those best suited for the actual reclaiming reaction. Progress has been made during these last years in removing the fibrous materials before reclamation, thereby permitting conditions in the devulcanization cycle to be determined by the actual needs of the vulcanized scrap.

scholarly journals Power Window

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (04) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Winters
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Identity ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Consumption Curve

This article analyzes the energy identity crisis in some oil-producing countries. It highlights that the retail price for gasoline in countries such as Libya, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Yemen was at or below the cost on the world market of the petroleum needed to produce it. However, Egypt went from an exporter of more than 300,000 barrels of oil a day in 1999 to a net importer beginning in 2009. And as a consequence, the prices for gasoline in Egypt went from below the raw material cost in 2006 to being comparable to those in the United States. Tunisia shifted from an exporter to an importer in 2000. Thanks to strong consumption growth, Bahrain has also seen its exports plummet from more than 30,000 barrels a day in the 1990s to around 3500 today. The Saudi consumption curve is climbing at about 4% per year, and unless the country can raise production above 11 million barrels a day, its exports will disappear by 2050.

scholarly journals Potential of the physical and chemical characteristics of prickly pear (Opuntia albicarpa Seheinvar var. Villanueva) seeds in agroindustrial processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica de Jesús Álvarez-Castillo ◽  
Erich Dietmar Rössel Kipping ◽  
Hipólito Ortiz Laurel ◽  
Laura Araceli López-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Amante-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
External Friction ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Prickly Pears ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Objective: To verify the physical attributes and assess the chemical quality from prickly pear’s seeds (Opuntia albicarpa Seheinvar cv. Villanueva), including seeds´ size, internal friction, external friction, performance for size reduction, sieving and electric conductivity, soluble protein, total protein, phosphorous, carbohydrates, amount of oil and minerals. Design/methodology/approach: To verify and compare the physical attributes and chemical parameters using proved and reliable techniques, to explore their impacts on its future potential, when seeds are intended to agro-industrial processes, considering; its size and quality of space storage and their effect when interacting with handling apparatus and the material they are manufactured with. Results: Selected groups of 100 seeds from four consecutive prickly pears harvests had no differences. While for their chemical analysis, seeds were milled and their revised chemical compounds showed differences between harvest, therefore, drought, management and crop protection significantly affect those attributes. The factors were not included in this study. Limitations on study/implications: Prickly pears are harvested for 4 months per year. This reduces the availability of raw material from other varieties and from other regions, to expand this study and to compare between diverse parameters. Findings/conclusions: There were not significant differences in seed size (wide, large, thickness), external friction and electric conductivity; therefore, handling equipment does not need specifications. While, for the internal friction and all chemical compounds analyzed from seeds´ flour, significate differences were quantified. The latter means that, it is adequate to homogenize these parameters by using other compounds in the agrifood processes.

Measurement Model of Organisational Culture as Perceived by Staff at the Islamic University in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Farooq Miiro ◽  
Mohd Ibrahim Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
World Market ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Players

Organizational culture plays a pivotal role in the development and change of organizations. To achieve institutional competitiveness and repositioning on the world market all key players in the institutional development need to be on the same page in terms of organizational culture. A mammoth of studies have been done in the past to explore organizational culture structure but there were no attempts done to validate and measure the construct on employee behaviour and thoughts at the Islamic University in Uganda. The purpose of this study therefore is to measure and validate organisational construct as perceived by staff at the Islamic University in Uganda. The study employed four dimensions to examine organizational culture, and 361 staff through randomization participated in the study. To arrive at the intention of the study SEM-Amos technique of data analysis was used to confirm the hypothesized measurement model. The results indicated that meaningful value, support and promotion of values, discipline values and free style value are true and valid predictors of organizational culture structure.

Maquiladora Operations for Shipbuilding

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Gary Laughlin ◽  
Guillermo Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
The U.S

The maquiladora program was established by the Mexican Government to encourage foreign investment and promote industrial growth. The success of the program encourages more and more participation each year. The low cost of labor in Mexico has attracted U.S. companies in all types of manufacturing with the exception of shipbuilding. With the focus on the domestic shipbuilding market over the past 25 years, U.S. shipyards have lacked the impetus to establish a maquiladora operation. The world market for shipbuilding has been steadily improving, while the U.S. domestic market has been steadily decreasing. The opportunities for U.S. shipyards to focus their strategies on the world market may not get any better. By understanding the complexities of establishing a maquiladora operation and then integrating the operation into its overall production plan, a shipbuilder can begin to realize that large labor cost savings are possible.

‘With a little bit of luck…’ Coping with adjustment in urban Ghana, 1975–90

Africa ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Brydon
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Volatile Element ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
Field Notes

AbstractUsing largely anecdotal evidence from field notes, the article traces Ghana's formal economic decline through the 1970s. Perceptions of striving for survival and success are sketched out during this overwhelmingly pessimistic period. There follows a description of people's views about survival and ‘the state of play’ in Ghana's economic progress in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These discursive comments are followed by some simple quantitative material about work, the availability of jobs and the structure of the labour market at the time. What becomes obvious, given that Ghanaians are actually continuing their lives much as they have in the past, is that the IMF's and World Bank's policy prescriptions and strategies for the development of manufacturing industry, for attracting the ‘world market factories’ of the multinationals, are not being achieved. Instead, Ghanaians have focused (as they always have) on strategies for networking and getting a break: striking it ‘lucky’, in fact. The relatively newly discovered volatile element in the World Bank's calculations has long been a (if not the) core factor in the plans of many small enterprises. Meanwhile Ghanaians are trying, hoping for some ‘luck’, to survive and even prosper into the next millennium.

scholarly journals ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ПШЕНИЦЫ В РОССИИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Zimnyakov ◽  
A.A. Kurochkin ◽  
S.V. Bogomazov ◽  
E.N. Varlamova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Baking Industry ◽  
Farm Types

Отмечено значение пшеницы как основного сырья для хлебопекарной промышленности в России. Проанализированы посевные площади и валовый сбор пшеницы в РФ в 2008-2018 годах. Исследована динамика урожайности пшеницы по регионам и в целом по стране. Рассмотрена структура производства зерна в России по видам культур. Представлен валовый сбор и урожайность пшеницы в основных регионах-производителях в 2018 году. Проанализирован валовый сбор пшеницы по категориям хозяйств. Рассмотрены проблемы при уборке пшеницы, а также при её хранении. Отмечены причины низкого качества производимой пшеницы в стране. Предложено совершенствовать систему ценообразования на пшеницу, так как формирование цены на зерно происходит без учета оптимального отношения к качеству зерна, что не отражает объективности и соразмерности затрат. Отмечено, что оптимизация природных, экономических, организационных и технико-технологических факторов, влияющих на производство высококачественной пшеницы, позволит повысить её конкурентоспособность на мировом рынке и увеличить экспортный потенциал. Дан прогноз о том, что за счет повышения конкурентоспособности российского зерна на мировом рынке, путем снижения совокупных издержек, включая логистические, и улучшения качества зерна к 2030 году прогнозируется повышение доли Российской Федерации на рынках десяти ведущих стран-потребителей российской пшеницы до 43, что составит 32,5 млн. тонн.Wheat is a main important raw material for the baking industry in Russia. An analysis of crop areas and gross wheat output in the Russian Federation in 2008-2018 has been made. The dynamics of wheat productivity in the regions and in the whole country has been studied. The pattern of grain production by types of crops in Russia has been considered. The gross yield and wheat productivity in the main producing regions in 2018 are presented.The gross output of wheat according to farm types has been analyzed. The problems of wheat harvesting, as well as its storage are considered. The reasons for the low quality of wheat produced in the country are noted. It is proposed to improve the wheat pricing system, as the formation of grain prices does not take into account the optimal ratio to the quality of grain, which does not reflect the objectivity and proportionality of costs. It is noted that the optimization of natural, economic, organizational and technological factors, that affect the production of high-quality wheat, will increase its competitiveness in the world market and increase export potential. A forecast has been given, that through increase of the competitiveness of Russian grain in the world market, through reducing total costs, logistics included, and improving grain quality, by 2030 an increase is expected in the share of the Russian Federation in the markets of the ten leading countries consuming Russian wheat up to 43, which will amount to 32.5 million tons.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Vasilina Iliukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
World Market ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
The World

The article investigates the process of formation of competitive advantages in the context of transformation of the structure of the national economy. One of the main priorities of economic policy of modern countries is to build a competitive, socially oriented economy that can successfully integrate into the world economic space. To ensure sustainable development and counter negative external influences, strategies are developed and implemented aimed at creating competitive advantages and, consequently, increasing the country's international competitiveness. The issue of transforming the structure of the national economy is urgent, as the level of lagging behind the development of the domestic economy from neighboring countries is similar and the country's raw material specialization is consolidating in the world market, which in turn preserves low living standards. Indicators of economic development show that without radical changes in economic policy, the lag in the development of the Ukrainian economy will only increase. The formation of competitive advantages in the context of the modern structure of the economy inherent for a large European country should be based on the economic specialization of the country in industries and activities that create greater added value, such as processing industry, chemical, engineering, IT, green energy, pharmaceuticals and other high-tech industries, industries of higher technological modes. The role of public-private partnership in the formation of effective economic policy aimed at forming the competitive advantages of the national economy is important.

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