scholarly journals Spectral analysis as an extra method to soil type discrimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
M. Todorova ◽  
S. Atanassova ◽  
M. Georgiev ◽  
L. Pleshkuza
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Future Studies

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to test near infrared soil spectra as an extra method for three soil types (Fluvisols, Vertisols and Solonchaks) discrimination from different regions of South Bulgaria. The diffuse reflectance spectra of 177 soil samples (from the 0-20cm layers): 50 samples of Fluvisols soil type, 78 samples of Vertisols soil type and 48 samples of Solonchaks soil type were obtained using a Spectrum NIRQuest (OceanOptics, Inc.) working within the range from 900 to 1700 nm. Soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) was performed to classify samples according to their taxonomic classes. The results obtained showed that the soil samples are separated accurately according to their soil type based on their spectral information. All this could be used in the future studies related to the application of the NIRS method as a qualitative or quantitative method for soil analysis and also for the purposes of precision farming.

scholarly journals Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance of Plants in Lewoh-Lebang in the Lebialem Highlands of Southwestern Cameroon

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Fonge ◽  
D. J. Tchetcha ◽  
L. Nkembi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Allanblackia Gabonensis ◽  
Relate Species

A survey was conducted between October 2010 and June 2011 to determine the diversity, distribution, and abundance of plants in 4 sites of the Lebialem highlands and to relate species diversity and abundance to altitude and soil types. Twelve (12) plots, each of 1 ha (250 × 40 m), were surveyed at the submontane and montane altitudes of the sites. One hundred (100) species belonging to 82 genera were identified with the genera Cola and Psychotria being the most represented. Vulnerable species included Guarea thompsonii, Schefflera hierniana, Allanblackia gabonensis, Cyclomorpha solmsii, Vepris trifoliolata, and Xylopia africana. Species such as Xymalos monospora, Tricalysia atherura, and Piptostigma oyemense present in the study area were endemic to Cameroon. Diversity and distribution of plants were affected by parameters such as the altitude and the soil type. Soil analysis revealed that diversity in the study area was affected by the organic carbon, nitrogen, calcium, and the cation exchange capacity of the soil.

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of manganese solubility as affected by soil sample preparation in the laboratory

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilene Andrade ◽  
Mário Miyazawa ◽  
Marcos Antonio Pavan ◽  
Edson Lima de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Mn Content

Laboratory experiments were conducted to re-evaluate the effects of drying and the time between drying and Mn analysis on soil Mn solubility using maize seedlings as test plant. Samples of five soil types were collected in the field, transferred to laboratory and submitted for the following treatments: dried in the shade at 25ºC and dried at 65ºC followed by Mn determination immediately and after 30 and 60 days. Ninety days later soil samples were rewetted at field capacity and maize seedlings were grown for 7 days. Evaluations included plant Mn content and soil Mn extracted with NH4OAc 1 mol L-1 pH 7. The lowest soil and plant Mn contents were found in soil samples dried in the shade at 25ºC. Drying soil sample at 65ºC and increasing the time between drying and Mn analysis increased Mn solubility and Mn uptake by maize. Oxisols showed higher soil and plant Mn contents than other soil types. The results indicated the extreme difficulty in interpreting soil Mn results due to the great effect of soil processes in the laboratory on Mn solubility. Routine soil analysis is not recommended to evaluate plant available Mn.

scholarly journals Prediction of soil organic matter and clay contents by near-infrared spectroscopy - NIRS

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Pedro Lazzaretti ◽  
Leandro Souza da Silva ◽  
Gerson Laerson Drescher ◽  
André Carnieletto Dotto ◽  
Darines Britzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Support Vector

ABSTRACT: Among the soil constituents, special attention is given to soil organic matter (SOM) and clay contents, since, among other aspects, they are key factors to nutrient retention and soil aggregates formation, which directly affect the crop production potential. The methods commonly used for the quantification of these constituents have some disadvantages, such as the use of chemical reactants and waste generation. An alternative to these methods is the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. The aim of this research is to evaluate models for SOM and clay quantification in soil samples using spectral data by NIRS. A set (n = 400) of soil samples previously analyzed by traditional methods were used to generate a NIRS calibration curve. The clay content was determined by the hydrometer method while SOM content was determined by sulfochromic solution. For calibration, we used the original spectra (absorbance) and spectral pretreatment (Savitzky-Golay smoothing derivative) in the following models: multiple linear regression (MLR), partial last squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR). The curve validation was performed with the SVM model (best performance in the calibration based on R² and RMSE) in two ways: with 40 random samples from the calibration set and another set with 200 new unknown samples. The soil clay content affects the predictive ability of the calibration curve to estimate SOM content by NIRS. Validation curves showed poorer performance (lower R² and higher RMSE) when generated from unknown samples, where the model tends to overestimate the lower levels and to underestimate the higher levels of clay and SOM. Despite the potential of NIRS technique to predict these attributes, further calibration studies are still needed to use this technique in soil analysis laboratories.

scholarly journals Use of near-infrared spectroscopy to assess phosphorus fractions of different plant availability in forest soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3415-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Niederberger ◽  
B. Todt ◽  
A. Boča ◽  
R. Nitschke ◽  
M. Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

Abstract. The analysis of soil phosphorus (P) in fractions of different plant availability is a common approach to characterize the P status of forest soils. However, quantification of organic and inorganic P fractions in different extracts is labor intensive and therefore rarely applied for large sample numbers. Therefore, we examined whether different P fractions can be predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We used the Hedley sequential extraction method (modified by Tiessen and Moir, 2008) with increasingly strong extractants to determine P in fractions of different plant availability and measured near-infrared (NIR) spectra for soil samples from sites of the German forest soil inventory and from a nature reserve in southeastern China. The R2 of NIRS calibrations to predict P in individual Hedley fractions ranged between 0.08 and 0.85. When these fractions were combined into labile, moderately labile and stable P pools, R2 of calibration models was between 0.38 and 0.88 (all significant). Model prediction quality was higher for organic than for inorganic P fractions and increased with the homogeneity of soil properties in soil sample sets. Useable models were obtained for samples originating from one soil type in subtropical China, whereas prediction models for sample sets from a range of soil types in Germany were only moderately useable or not useable. Our results indicate that prediction of Hedley P fractions with NIRS can be a promising approach to replace conventional analysis, if models are developed for sets of soil samples with similar physical and chemical properties, e.g., from the same soil type or study site.

How qualitative spectral information can improve soil profile classification?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina PP Marques ◽  
Rodnei Rizzo ◽  
André Carnieletto Dotto ◽  
Arnaldo Barros e Souza ◽  
Fellipe AO Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Taxonomic Class ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Soil classification is important to organize the knowledge of soil characteristics. Spectroscopy has increased in the last years as a technique for descriptive and quantitative evaluation of soils. Thus, our objective was to assess qualitative and quantitative methods on soil classification, based on model profiles. Soils in different environments in the Roraima state, Brazil, were evaluated and represented by 16 profiles, providing 109 soil samples, which were analyzed for particle size distribution, chemical attributes and spectral measurement. Visible-near infrared spectra (350–2500 nm) of soil samples were interpreted in terms of intensity, shape and features. The soil color obtained using a spectroradiometer and a colorimeter, and by a soil expert was compared. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed for all spectra of the soil profile samples. The descriptive evaluations of the spectral curves from all horizons of the same profile were used to identify the diagnostic attributes and assign a profile to a taxonomic class. This was possible because spectra of samples had specific shapes, features and intensities that combined to present a specific signature. The Outil Statistique d’Aide à la Cartogénèse Automatique and cluster quantitative analyses could not correctly group similar soil classes and they still need to be improved in order to extract all the variability of the spectral data to discriminate soil classes. Soil color quantification by the Munsell system using both equipments showed greater R2 and lower error than that achieved by a soil expert, due to influences of subjectivity inherent in human assessments. Based on this specific case, it was clear that the automatic system may be more consistent than the pedologist’s visual method. Future studies should focus on the development of an online tool that integrates a descriptive approach and spectral information of a given soil profile to determine its probable taxonomic class.

Endoscopic Visual and near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Analysis for the Recognition of Healthy Porcine Gastric and Small Intestinal Wall—A Feasibility Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Maarit K. Luukkainen-Soilu ◽  
Vladimir Bochko ◽  
Petri Välisuo ◽  
Olli A.T. Peltoniemi ◽  
Per H. Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Small Intestinal

How does grinding affect the mid-infrared spectra of soil and their multivariate calibrations to texture and organic carbon?

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Le Guillou ◽  
W. Wetterlind ◽  
R. A. Viscarra Rossel ◽  
W. Hicks ◽  
M. Grundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Specular Reflections

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to effectively analyse soil, but the preparation of soil samples by grinding is time consuming. Soil samples are usually finely ground to a particle size of less than 0.250 mm because the spectrometer’s beam aperture is approximately 1–2 mm in diameter. Larger particles can generate specular reflections and spectra that do not adequately represent the soil sample. Grinding soil to small particle sizes enables the diffuse reflectance of light and more representative sample measurements. Here, we report on research that investigates the effect that grinding to different particle sizes have on soil mid-IR spectra. Our aims were to compare the effect of grinding soil to different particle sizes (2.000 mm, 1.000 mm, 0.500 mm, 0.250 mm and 0.106 mm) on the frequencies of mid-IR spectra, and compare the effect of these particle sizes on the accuracy of spectroscopic calibrations to predict organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents. Using the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s (CSIRO) National visible–near infrared database, we selected 227 soil samples from the National Soil Archive for our experiments, and designed an experiment whereby each soil sample was ground in triplicate to the different particle sizes. These ground samples were measured using an FT-IR spectrometer with a spectral range of 4000–600 cm–1. Grinding to particle sizes that are ≤2.000 mm reduces subsample variability. Smaller particle sizes produce finer and sharper absorption features, which are related to organic carbon, and clay and sand mineralogies. Generally, better predictions for clay, sand and soil organic carbon contents were achieved using soil that is more finely ground, but there were no statistically significant differences between predictions that use soil ground to 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm. Grinding did not affect predictions of silt content. Recommendations on how much grinding is required for mid-IR analysis should also consider the time, cost and effort needed to prepare the soil samples as well as the purpose of the analysis.

scholarly journals Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Gömöryová ◽  
Gabriela Barančíková ◽  
Erika Tobiašová ◽  
Ján Halás ◽  
Rastislav Skalský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to find out how land use affects the soil microbial attributes in different soil types and to which depth. The study was performed in Slovakia (Europe) in three areas differing in soil type (Chernozem, Stagnosol, Cambisol). Within each area, three localities with different land use (forest, grassland, cropland), representing a gradient with different intensity of management, were chosen. The soil samples were taken along a single soil profile up to a depth of 1 m with 10 cm increments at each locality. In the soil samples, the basic soil chemical properties and microbial attributes were determined. The effect of the land use on the microbial biomass and basal respiration was mainly observed in the Chernozem in the top 30 cm, while in the Stagnosol, no difference in the trend in the microbial biomass between the different ecosystems along the soil profile was found. The N-mineralisation reflected the different management practices especially in the Cambisol in the top 20 cm. The most distinct differences in the catalase activity between the soils differing in land use were found in the Cambisol along the whole profile. The richness and diversity of the functional groups did not differ significantly between the soils with the different land use and also no uniform responses of the functional groups composition to the land use were observed. The microbial biomass and activity were mainly affected by the amount of the soil organic matter; the intensity of the impact differed according to the soil type.

scholarly journals Soil analysis as the foundation of precision nutritive supply in the Hajdúszoboszló region

2007 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Róbert Víg ◽  
Attila Dobos ◽  
Zoltán Pongrácz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Larger cultivated plots are heterogeneous from a pedological aspect. Heterogeneity causes problems during fertilization and harvest. The heterogeneity of cultivated areas can be compensated by fertilization which is based on soil analysis. We carried out research into the changes of the soil on three soil types, from 1966 to 2006, on the cultivated areas of Hajdúszoboszló.There were no significant changes in pH on chernozem meadow soil and meadow chernozem soil, but the pH increased in 0-30 cm layer on type meadow solonetz soil. The saline content decreased in every examined soil type. Decrease was the largest on meadow solonetz soil. Decline of humus content was the largest (0.95%) on chernozem meadow soil, and the smallest (0.39%) on meadow chernozem soil. The nitrogen content decreased with 528 ppm in the 0-30 cm layer on chernozem meadow soil, and decreased by 186 ppm on meadow solonetz soil. Phosphorus andpotassium content increased in every examined soil types. Rise of phosphorus content was 188.9 ppm in the 0-30 cm layer on meadow chernozem soil. The potassium content rose by 153.7 ppm on this soil type. Phosphorus content increased with 70.8 ppm, and potassium content increased by 57.6 ppm from 1966 to 2006.

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