scholarly journals TESTING THE QUALITY OF SPRAYING FLUID BY USING VARIOUS NOZZLES IN SPECIAL DEVICES LECHLER DROPLEGUL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigijus ZINKEVIČIUS ◽  
Sigitas ČEKANAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Height ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Flat Flow

A variety of devices that help to prevent drops of spayed pesticides from getting into places that are difficult to reach (e. g. under the leaves of cultural plants of on the stem), is offered. Special devices Lechler DroplegUL are designed in a way that nozzles that are embedded in the end of the spraying pipe which is bended backwards, spray diagonally upwards. Data of the quality of spraying fluid by using various sprinklers in special devices Lechler DroplegUL is provided in the article. Two hydraulic flood nozzles Lechler 684.356.30X, mounted in a special holder TwinSprayCap were examined: pneumohydraulic twin flat spray air-injector nozzle Lechler DF 120-03 and hydraulic twin flat spray nozzle Lechler DF 120-02. A transverse repartition and a process of the formation of fluid drops, sprayed using different nozzles were examined. The results revealed that while spraying with a lower working pressure (e.g. 1.5 bar) with two hydraulic flood nozzles Lechler 684.356.30X that are placed in a special holder TwinSprayCap and embedded on a device Lechler DroplegUL, a majority of drops (evenly around 40 ml) get into stand trays that are in a setting place situated 70–110 cm behind the device Lechler DroplegUL, whereas at the approximate 40 cm area away from the setting place there are no drops of sprayed fluid at all. Having the working pressure increased to 3–4 bar, majority of drops (around 60 ml) get into the stend trays that are in a setting place situated 70–110 cm behind the device Lechler DroplegUL. Having the working pressure increased, an unsprayed area, which is situated around the setting place of the device Lechler DroplegUL, gets narrowed: a width of unsprayed area when spraying at the pressure of 2 bar was around 60 cm, whereas when the pressure was 3 bar and 4 bar, the area appeared to be only 20 cm. Circularly sprayed drops, depending on the working pressure, spread around in two strips of width from 1.4 to 1.8 m. An oblong flat flow of the sprayed fluid forms nearby the deflector and the maximum height of the rise of sprayed drops reaches 1.3–1.4 m.

scholarly journals Influence of working pressure and spray nozzle on the distribution of spray liquid in manual backpack sprayers

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides Marangoni Junior ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

ABSTRACT Manual backpack sprayers are widely used in rural properties in Brazil. However, studies that assess their working characteristics, especially spray tip models and working pressure conditions, are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how much the working pressure and spray tips influence the distribution quality of phytosanitary spray solutions in manual backpack sprayers. Four spray nozzles (standard flat-fan Magnojet TP11002, turbo flat-fan TeeJet TT11002, hollow-cone TeeJet TXA8002, and disc-core) were assessed in a patternator table at 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. Analyses of spray distribution profile were performed by symmetry and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysed by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Spray tip models and working pressure influenced in more than 100% the distribution uniformity values of spray solution and in about 50% the useful range of the phytosanitary treatment. Among the models assessed in this study, the turbo flat-fan spray nozzle presents the best set of characteristics to be indicated for manual backpack sprayers aiming at field phytosanitary treatments.

Effect of working pressure, travel speed and nozzle wear rate on spray quality of different flat fan nozzles

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Kecskés-Nagy ◽  
Milan Koszel ◽  
István Sztachó-Pekáry
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Wear ◽  
Mean Diameter

The objective of the work was to determine the influence of working pressure and working speed on drop tracks size and changes in flow rate of flat fan nozzles. New nozzles and nozzles after laboratory wear were tested. The influence of nozzles wear on drop tracks size was tested. It was found that the increase in liquid flow rate resulted in higher values of mean diameter of the droplet track. The increase in working pressure or working speed causes decrease in drop tracks size and reduction in merging of droplets on sprayed surface. The increase of the wear was followed by increased coverage rate. This phenomenon is especially dangerous when using nozzles with a considerable wear for agricultural spraying since this causes ecological threat to environment.

scholarly journals Study on the Shifting Quality of the CVT Tractor under Hydraulic System Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Wang ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Jiabo Wang ◽  
Wanqiang Chen ◽  
Yunlian Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Seal Ring ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Rotary Joint ◽  
Fault Mode

The failure of a hydraulic system will affect the shifting quality and driving safety of a CVT tractor. In order to reveal the response of the tractor under different hydraulic system failures without destroying the transmission, the following methods are proposed in this paper: firstly, building the simulation model of CVT; secondly, building a test bench to test and verify the transmission model to ensure that the simulation model can accurately predict the response of CVT under different clutch oil pressures; thirdly, obtaining the fault oil pressure data without starting the engine and taking the data of fault oil pressure as the input variable of the simulation model; finally, obtaining the response of the CVT tractor under different hydraulic system failures by simulation. It is found that the damage of the seal ring inside the rotary joint has little effect on shifting quality; oil way block can lead to greater shift impact; when seal ring damage and oil way block occur together, the clutch cannot reach the minimum working pressure; clutch piston jamming and oil leak can cause power interruption of the tractor. The results show that it is feasible to study the response of CVT in fault mode by simulation.

scholarly journals Harvester efficiency in trunk utilisation and log quality of early thinning pine trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Piotr S. Mederski ◽  
Konrad Werk ◽  
Mariusz Bembenek ◽  
Zbigniew Karaszewski ◽  
Mariusz Brunka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Expected Length ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Very High

Abstract Obtaining high harvester efficiency in young pine stands during early thinning is achallenging management practice. One of the difficulties lies in achieving the optimal use of the tree trunk for assortments and obtaining satisfactory timber quality. The objective of this research was to find out 1) how much of the tree trunk can be processed by a harvester to produce logs, and 2) the quality of the assortments in terms of log length accuracy and delimbing quality. The work was carried out in a 31-year-old pine stand in northern Poland with the Vimek 404 5T harvester with the Keto Forst Silver head for early thinning. Eighty sample plots were set up within the stand for detailed tree analysis after harvesting. The total length of the assortments from each tree was measured as well as the minimal top diameter (under bark). Additionally, the lengths of the bottom, middle and top logs were measured as well as the height of the knots after delimbing. On average, 70% of the total tree height was used for assortments and logs were processed up to a mean top diameter of 5.3 cm under bark. The length accuracy was very high: 90% of the logs had the expected length, more than 9% had a commercially acceptable length, while only 0.7% of the logs were too long. After delimbing, the knots were of a maximum height of 2 cm. Using the Vimek 404 5T harvester in the 31-year-old pine stand was an effective solution for trunk processing and obtaining quality assortments.

scholarly journals Effect of olive core and olive core ash on the growth of Helianthus annuus and soil quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Dry Biomass

<p>Field experiments were carried out using <em>Helianthus annuus</em> in an attempt to improve the quality of soil conditions by application of industrial waste. A range of quantities of olive core, olive core ash and a mixture of the two kinds of waste were applied. In all experimental fields the plants reached their maximum height on the 80<sup>th</sup> day of their growth. The application of olive core increased the plant height and decreased the soil pH, suggesting an increase in the nutrient element bioavailability. There was also evidence that olive core increased the soil microbe biomass. Furthermore, olive core woodash gave the dry biomass of <em>Helianthus annuus </em>a boost.</p>

scholarly journals Surface Quality of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Parts Machined by Laser Cutting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6062-6067
Author(s):  
A. Boudjemline ◽  
M. Boujelbene ◽  
E. Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Proposed Model

This paper investigates high power CO2 laser cutting of 5mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets, aiming to evaluate the effects of various laser cutting parameters on surface roughness. Using multiple linear regression, a mathematical model based on experimental data was proposed to predict the maximum height of the surface Sz as a function of two laser cutting parameters, namely cutting speed and assist-gas pressure. The adequacy of the proposed model was validated by Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). Experimental data were compared with the model’s data to verify the capacity of the proposed model. The results indicated that for fixed laser power, cutting speed is the predominant cutting parameter that affects the maximum height of surface roughness.

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure on the Uniformity of Nozzles Transverse Distribution and Mathematical Model Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Višacki ◽  
Aleksandar Sedlar ◽  
Rajko Bugarin ◽  
Jan Turan ◽  
Patrik Burg
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Transverse Distribution ◽  
Working Liquid

Timely and high-quality application of pesticides contributes to environmental protection, economical production and production of healthy food. The efficacy of pesticide application depends not only on the quality of pesticides but also the quality of the application. One of the factor that most influences the quality of applications, from the standpoint of mechanization, are nozzles. They working liquid applied on the surface the plant resulting in the same volume of pesticide is applied to the entire surface of the plants. To achieve this goal, nozzles must be performed uniform application of working liquid per unit area, or tractor sprayer working width. The variable factor in the application of pesticides may be nozzle and operating pressure. With increasing working pressure obtained smaller droplets. The paper presents test of three different nozzles. Each nozzle is characterized by a flat jet with an angle of 110° and a flow rate of 1.6 l∙min−1 at a pressure of 3 bar. Differ from each other are by the way of disintegration of the jet. Exactly this characteristic causes that with pressure change coming to changes in the uniformity of nozzles transverse distribution. So the best distribution has nozzle with a flat jet. The coefficient of variation is between roughly from 4 to 6 % at the pressure application of 2 to 4 bar. Obtained mathematical model that describes changes in the coefficient of variation depending on pressure applications can be a good basis for easy harmonization parameters in the pesticide application.

scholarly journals An Experimental Analysis of Cutting Quality in Plasma Arc Machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marin Gostimirović ◽  
Dragan Rodić ◽  
Milenko Sekulić ◽  
Andjelko Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Kerf Width ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Plasma Arc Cutting ◽  
Machining Quality

Plasma arc cutting (PAC) is an unconventional process widely used in manufacturing of heavy plate products. This work reports on the research results of machining quality of the workpiece in the plasma arc cutting on the low carbon low alloy steel. An experimental investigation of the characteristics of machining accuracy and surface integrity was carried out for basic machining parameters (cutting speed, arc current, arc voltage, plasma gas pressure, stand-off distance and nozzle diameter). The kerf geometry was determined with three accuracy parameters (top kerf width, bottom kerf width and kerf taper angle). The parameters of deviation present due to plasma curvature were defined by drag and pitch of drag line. The surface roughness was determined with two main roughness parameters through scanning the surface topography (roughness average and maximum height of the profile). The surface properties were determined over microstructure in heat affected zone (HAZ). The results show an acceptable machining quality of the PAC, so that this process is an excellent choice for fast and efficient material removal. However, the plasma arc cutting is not suitable for the final machining because of the metallurgical variations in the HAZ.

scholarly journals Investigation and Analysis of the Logistics Personnel’s Working Condition in the Post-COVID-19 Era — An Example of a Top Three Hospital in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qian Mingping ◽  
Liu Rong ◽  
Hu Longjun ◽  
Gao Wenxue ◽  
Cai Guojun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Hospital Culture ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this work is to explore the working conditions of logistics personnel in hospital and provide a new approach for improving the service quality of them in the post-COVID-19 era. Eighty-four logistics personnel in an upper first-class hospital were included in the study, and their working conditions were investigated and analyzed via self-designed questionnaire. 73.8% of all respondents think their work is significantly important to the brand building of the hospital, and 67.9% of them think they are closely related to a harmonious doctor–patient relationship. The compliant rate is higher in security personnel when compared with other personnel and the difference was statistically significant ([Formula: see text]). 94% of the logistics personnel indicate a higher intensity in their work, 39.3% of them constantly face the working pressure and 57.1% come from the risk of infection which accounts for the largest. The largest demand comes for the protective equipment, which is from 69 workers. It would be better for us to pay attention to the hospital culture training and strengthen the sense of identity among logistics personnel of the hospital continuously. Meanwhile we need to enrich the connotation of professional style construction in hospital and promote the efficiency of logistics service. Targeted training is necessary to improve the service capabilities of the security personnel since they receive more complaints. Diversified and personalized support to the logistics personnel based on the grasp of their special demand is also important.

Effect of working pressure and spacing of nozzles on the quality of spraying distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 105818
Author(s):  
Fabiano Griesang ◽  
Ana Dilena Spadoni ◽  
Pedro Henrique Urah Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Working Pressure
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