scholarly journals Do we need protective plantations along railways (Lithuanian case study)?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigijus ZALKAUSKAS ◽  
Edmundas BARTKEVICIUS ◽  
Edgaras LINKEVICIUS ◽  
Julius BACKAITIS ◽  
Ksistof GODVOD
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status

Differently to other European countries Lithuania has inherited from Soviet time period quite width protection zones of state importance with wooden plantations along railways. Those protection zones vary from 20 m (in cities) up to 45 -70 m (in rural areas) in one side. The planted or spontaneous wooden plantations within those zones occupy over 2 thous. ha. The status of protective plantations serve for multifunctional purposes by ensuring railway traffic safety, mitigating negative impact of railway traffic, exhibiting Lithuanian landscape for travellers, improving landscape connectivity, living and working environment quality. At the same time there is a challenge for proper management of those plantations and profitability. In the middle of XX century planted pioneer species reach or is going to reach mature age. There is the threat of increasing number of dangerous trees, challenge for ensuring continuous cover of protective plantations, their services and structure match for predominating function. This study presents the challenges for future development and society preferences to services of protective lineside plantations along railways. The results of analysis of present condition of railway lineside vegetation, as well the results of social survey showed, what it is not enough just to manage the dangerous trees for railway safeness but it is essential complex means for protective plantations development, services succession.

scholarly journals STATE REGULATION OF THE SIZES OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES WHEN PLACING MODERN CAR FILLING STATIONS IN RESIDENTIAL TERRITORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (70) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
A.M. Serdiuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Makhniuk ◽  
I.O. Chernychenko ◽  
O.M. Lytvychenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Definition Of

The work is devoted to the study of hygienic aspects of automobile filling station location in rural areas in modern conditions in order to minimize the negative impact of AFS on health and living conditions of the population. A theoretical generalization of the world experience of gas station design and operation was made. New data on the current ecological and hygienic state of design (location) of modern gas stations in Ukraine and their impact on the environment, health and living conditions of the population. Based on the materials of the work, the hygienic criteria for placing gas stations and their classification have been improved. Classification conditions for the definition of sanitary protection zones for gas stations of different capacity have been developed, which allowed to improve the legal and information-methodological base on hygiene planning and development of settlements in the design of gas stations of different types and capacities and develop a new SPZ standard for gas stations and filling stations. On the basis of the conducted researches the differentiated approach is offered and the procedure of the decision of questions concerning placement of gas stations in the territory of settlements is developed.

scholarly journals Impacts of perceived environmental pollution on urban and rural residents’ health - China national study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
National Study ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Boom

Abstract Background: The emergence of a quantity of mega cities accompanying China’s economic boom has led to enormous increases in resource consumption and a variety of pollution especially emissions of air pollutants. Pressure-based government assessment mechanism is the driving force for the transfer of environmental pollution from urban to rural areas. Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analyses based on a national survey The 3rd Survey on the Status of Chinese Women in 2010 jointly conducted by the All China Women's Federation and the China Statistical Bureau in 2010 and 24741 samples were selected. Results: Among urban residents, 67.21% of them reported their total health was good, 1.35% lower than the rate of rural counterparts; 25.88% reported their total health was general, nearly 3% higher than the rate of rural counterparts; 6.91% reported their total health was poor, 1.63% lower than the rate of rural counterparts. The study also found the rate of urban residents perceiving air pollution (35.67%), water pollution (17.96%), garbage pollution (25.05%), noise pollution (32.05%) was higher than that of rural counterparts, respectively. Perceived air, garbage and noise pollution all had a significantly negative impact on urban residents’ health while none of perceived pollution had a significant impact on rural residents’ health. Conclusions: Rural residents perceived little about impacts of environmental pollution on health, which may create risks and vulnerability of the rural environment and the livelihood of these residents. Great attention should be paid to the impacts of environmental pollution on health for not only urban residents but also rural residents, which will highly improve the support of “green development” among the public in China.

The formation of the hygienic factors in professional training of working professions

2020 ◽  
pp. 657-657
Author(s):  
M. N. Konkova ◽  
V. N. Dolich ◽  
V. V. Gudz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
Harmful Substances

The article presents a hygienic assessment of the working environment in the process of educational and industrial training of adolescents in construction professions. The increased concentrations of harmful substances (manganese in welding aerosol, ozone) and paper dust in the air of educational and industrial premises were revealed, measures for prevention of their negative impact were proposed.

scholarly journals Is the perceived impact of disciplinary procedures on medical doctors’ professional practice associated with working in an open culture and feeling supported? A questionnaire among medical doctors in the Netherlands who have been disciplined

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e036922
Author(s):  
Berber S Laarman ◽  
Renée J R Bouwman ◽  
Anke J E de Veer ◽  
Roland D Friele
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Disciplinary Procedures ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDisciplinary procedures can have a negative impact on the professional functioning of medical doctors. In this questionnaire study, doctors’ experience with open culture and support during a disciplinary procedure is studied to determine whether open culture and support are associated with perceived changes in the professional practice of doctors.MethodsAll doctors who received a warning or a reprimand from the Dutch Medical Disciplinary Board between July 2012 and August 2016 were invited to fill in a 60-item questionnaire concerning open culture, perceived support during the disciplinary procedure and the impact of the procedure on professional functioning as reported by doctors themselves. The response rate was 43% (n=294).ResultsA majority of doctors perceive their work environment as a safe environment in which to talk about and report incidents (71.2% agreed). Respondents felt supported by a lawyer or legal representative and colleagues (92.8% and 89.2%, respectively). The disciplinary procedure had effects on professional practice. Legal support and support from a professional confidant and a professional association were associated with fewer perceived changes to professional practice.ConclusionOur study shows that doctors who had been disciplined perceive their working environment as open. Doctors felt supported by lawyers and/or legal representatives and colleagues. Legal support was associated with less of a perceived impact on doctors’ professional practice.

Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Ruchika Agarwala ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

scholarly journals The Extent of Heat on Health and Sustainable Farming in Ghana –Bawku East

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frimpong Kwasi ◽  
Jacque Oosthuizen ◽  
Eddie Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Outdoor Work ◽  
Globe Temperature

<p>Little is known about the health effects of heat in outdoor work and appropriate work and rest schedules for farmers working in developing countries. As temperatures continue to increase in tropical regions, such as Northern Ghana, it is necessary to evaluate how farmers experience and respond to high heat exposures. In this study, WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) estimates and the ISO work / rest standards were applied to a cohort of farmers in the rural areas of Bawku East, Northern Ghana, to assess how farmers respond to high heat and how much they rest to protect their health, as well as the level of heat on their productivity. WBGT data was recorded over a period of 6 months among vegetable, cereals, and legume farmers. The ISO proposed and actual rest regimes observed by farmers in the same time period were evaluated. In the dry season the dry bulb temperature rose as high as 45 ºC, while during the humid months of March and April WBGT rose to levels as high as 34 ºC. Farmers worked for nine hours a day during these hot periods with insufficient rest, which has adverse consequences on their health and productivity.</p>

Mate Change Enhances Duetting Activity in the Siamang Gibbon (Hylobates Syndactulus)

Behaviour ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Geissmann
Keyword(s):  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bonding Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mate Change ◽  
The Status ◽  
Partner Exchange ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Singing Activity

AbstractSiamang gibbons produce long and complex duet songs. The hypothesis that duetting may act as advertisement of the presence and the status of a mated pair has repeatedly been suggested for duetting birds. If a pair bonding effect of the duet is actually attained through a partner-directed learning effort resulting in a pair-specific duet, the learning investment should be concentrated into a time period as short as possible in order to avoid competitors. Therefore, after the formation of a new pair, an increase of singing activity should be expected. In order to test this prediction, the singing activity of a pair of captive siamang before and after a partner exchange was compared. In the newly formed pair, an increase in singing activity was observed. Additional observations on a second new pair show a similar trend. In this case, both new mates remained in their familiar place so that their singing activity was unlikely to be affected by the process of establishing a new territory.

“I don’t feel any danger because I am in my own community”: a photovoice study on adolescents’ perceived community safety

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingwei Yang ◽  
Karen Liller ◽  
Dinorah Martinez Tyson ◽  
Martha Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Promotion ◽  
Photovoice Methodology

Purpose A safe environment is critical for adolescents’ well-being. The purpose of this photovoice study is to explore reasons that make adolescents feel safe in their community. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in Florida through both online and in-person recruitment. After a training session on the ethical and technical use of cameras and a brief introduction of the photovoice methodology, six adolescents took photos (n = 66) in their community and discussed their photos guided by the revised SHOWeD framework. Abridged transcripts were used to match photos with corresponding discussions. Thematic analysis was conducted by the research team. Findings This study identified four main themes related to adolescents’ safe perceptions, including community protective factors (n = 22 photos) such as safe physical environments and community cohesion; family protective factors (n = 14 photos) including safe home and caring parents; traffic safety (n = 14 photos), such as proper road signs, seat belts for car safety and helmets and locks for bicycle safety; and public safety (n = 8 photos), such as emergency numbers, fire departments and police cars and officers. Research limitations/implications Due to the limited number of participants, this study did not compare the similarities and differences of safety perceptions between adolescents living in high crime areas (urban communities) and those in low crime areas (suburban and rural communities). Future photovoice studies are recommended to further explore the influential factors associated with adolescents’ perceived community safety in urban and rural areas with different levels of crime rates to provide more evidence on targeted strategies for community safety promotion in each area. Practical implications By exploring the reasons for adolescents’ safe feelings in their community using photovoice, this study provides insights for future intervention programs to promote community safety for children and adolescents from the community, family, traffic and societal perspectives. Social implications This photovoice study not only empowers adolescents to identify community assets related to their safe perceptions but also illustrates valuable insights for researchers and public health professionals for safety promotion. Originality/value This study has used a broad research question to explore the reasons that make adolescents feel safe, providing them the opportunities to express their opinions by photo taking and photo discussions. Moreover, rich information at the community, family and societal levels has been collected as related to factors contributing to adolescents’ safe perceptions, adding to the literature on community safety. In addition, this photovoice study has offered both in-person and online participation. Such combination not only provides adolescents with an opportunity to choose a participation method that works best for them but also adds to the photovoice methodology by extending the data collection from in-person to online.

Safety Impact of Weaving Distance on Freeway Facilities with Managed Lanes using Both Microscopic Traffic and Driving Simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (39) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Cai ◽  
Moatz Saad ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Aty ◽  
Jinghui Yuan ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Managed Lanes

With the challenges of increasing traffic congestion, the concept of managed lanes (MLs) has been gaining popularity recently as a means to effectively improve traffic mobility. MLs are usually designed to be left-lane concurrent with an at-grade access/exit. Such a design forms weaving segments since it requires vehicles to change multiple general purpose lanes (GPLs) to enter or exit the ML. The weaving segments could have a negative impact on traffic safety in the GPLs. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the safety impact of different lengths for each lane change maneuver on GPL weaving segments close to the ingress and egress of MLs through two simulation approaches: VISSIM microsimulation and driving simulator. The two simulation studies are developed based on traffic data collected from freeway I-95 in Miami, Florida. The results from the two simulation studies support each other. Based on the two simulation studies, it is recommended that 1,000 feet be used as the optimal length for per lane change at the GPLs weaving segments with MLs. The safety impact of traffic volume, variable speed limit control strategies, and drivers’ gender and age characteristics are also explored. This study can provide valuable insight for evaluating the traffic performance of freeway weaving segments with the presence of concurrent GPLs and MLs in a highway safety context. It also provides guidelines for future conversion of freeways to include MLs.

Past participles of strong verbs in Jutland Danish: A real-time study of regionalization and standardization

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Juel Jensen ◽  
Marie Maegaard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Time Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Strong Verbs

The article presents a real-time study of standardization and regionalization processes with respect to the use of past participles of strong verbs in the western part of Denmark. Analyses of a large corpus of recordings of informants from two localities show that the use of the dialectalenform of the past participle suffix has been in decline during the last 30 years. Theenforms are replaced by three other forms, one of which is (partly) dialectal, one regional and one standard Danish. The study indicates that a regionalization process has taken place prior to the time period studied, but that it has now been overtaken by a Copenhagen-based standardization process. The study also shows interesting differences between the two localities, arguably due to the geographical location and size, and to the status of the different participle forms in the traditional local dialects.

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