scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION ON THE GROWTH OF PAULOWNIA TREES AT THE FIRST YEAR OF CULTIVATION IN A LIGHT SOIL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesław PTACH ◽  
Ariel ŁANGOWSKI ◽  
Roman ROLBIECKI ◽  
Stanisław ROLBIECKI ◽  
Barbara JAGOSZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Positive Effect

The field experiment was carried out in 2016 on sandy soil in the forest nursery Białe-Błota (Bydgoszcz Forest Division, Poland). The effect of sprinkler irrigation on the growth Paulownia Shan Tong trees was investigated. The experiment was established as one factorial. The variability factor was the irrigation: S-sprinkler irrigation and C- without irrigation (control). The process included the controls of growth parameters: tree height, trunk diameter, number and surface of leaves. It was found that the sprinkled seedlings of Paulownia Shan Tong were significantly higher than those growing in the non-irrigated plots. The sprinkler irrigation applied in the experiment resulted in an increase in the number of leaves of the Paulownia and their surface area, which resulted in an increase in biomass yield. By analysing the results of the study on trunk diameter, leaf number and surface, it may be stated that irrigation watering significantly influenced the tested parameters. Irrigation significantly increased the height of Paulownia trees. The positive effect of the usage of sprinkler irrigation may indicate the possibility of effective application of this method in the field cultivation of Paulownia Shan Tong.

scholarly journals Growth of Three Shade Tree Genera as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
R.D. Wright ◽  
E.B. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The influence of N rates and irrigation on shoot growth and trunk diameter were evaluated for red maple (Acer rubrum, L. ‘October Glory’), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh) and dogwood (Cornus florida L. ‘Barton’). Irrigation increased shoot growth and trunk diameter for all 3 species during the first 2 growing seasons. Tree height and trunk diameter at the end of the third growing season were also greater for irrigated trees. Increasing the N levels from 168 to 329 Kg N/ha (150 to 300 lb N/A) resulted in a decrease in trunk diameter the first year and a decrease in shoot growth the second year in ‘October Glory’ maple. No significant differences in oak growth due to N rate were observed. Shoot growth and trunk diameter for dogwood were greater at 329 kg N/ha (300 lb N/A) than at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/A) only the first year. Neither height or trunk diameter at end of the third year were significantly increased from applying the higher level of N for any of the genera.

Influence of agrochemical agents on biometric parameters of pear varieties in protected soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
A. I. Lokhova ◽  
O. E. Merezhko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Horticultural Research

The article presents data on the study of the effect of foliar treatment with the mineral fertilizer «Idrofloral brand 14-11-22+8CaO» and the growth regulator «Stimoros» on the biometric parameters of pear seedlings with a closed root system in protected soil conditions. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The objects of research were pear varieties of the summer ripening period Lada and Chizhovskaya. The seedlings were obtained by winter inoculation in the third decade of December. The drugs were used three times: 1st processing in the phase of the 5th present sheet, then 2 times with an interval of 10 days. The studied concentrations of non-root top dressing were determined according to the instructions for them. Biometric observations of seedlings were carried out according to the following parameters: seedling height (cm), number (pcs.) and leaf area (cm2 ). Mathematical processing of experimental data was carried out using the dispersion analysis according to B. A. Dospekhov. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of these drugs on the growth and development of pear plants, different depending on the variety, was revealed. The greatest effectiveness on the Chizhovskaya variety was shown by the use of the mineral fertilizer «Idrofloral brand 14-11-22+8CaO» with a rate of application of 3.75 g/l, which contributed to an increase in the length of vegetative growth by an average of 45.6 %, the number of leaves — by 33.7 %, the foliage of seedlings-by 40.0 % compared to the control, thereby having a positive effect on the processes of formation and development of the leaf apparatus. In the Lada variety, the best results were noted when using the drug «Stimoros» at a dosage of 0.94 ml/l: the growth parameters of seedlings increased by 18.4 %, the number of leaves — by 12.1 %.

scholarly journals Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) overseeding on mature switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) stand: biomass yield and nutritive value after the establishment year

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Alberto Mantino ◽  
Giorgio Ragaglini ◽  
Nicoletta Nassi o di Nasso ◽  
Cristiano Tozzini ◽  
Fabio Taccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Positive Effect

Perennial crops can positively act on the environment providing a better inter-annual protection of soil cover from water erosion, limiting soil fertility degradation, the risk of nutrient leaching and the exploitation of water for irrigation. Switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.), a warm-season grass native from North America, has been cultivated for decades as forage crop and only recently as bioenergy crop. Even if several studies reported a positive effect of nitrogen (N) supply on switchgrass yield and quality, potential indirect and direct environmental risks (<em>e.g</em>., eutrophication and greenhouse gas emission) are related to this practice. For this reason grass-legume intercropping can represent a sustainable practice able to increase biomass yield and quality, and at the same time to improve N use efficiency, soil structure and fertility. Based on this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of switchgrass to Mediterranean environment as forage crop and to improve biomass yield and its nutritional value by intercropping with alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L). During spring 2013, in two switchgrass pure stands (varieties Alamo and Blackwell, respectively), alfalfa was established through direct seeding implementing a split-plot experimental design. Our first year results report a positive effect of the intercropping in increasing the total annual yield of the stand, of about 20% with respect to the pure switchgrass stand. However, the presence of alfalfa negatively affected switchgrass yield in the mixture. In both varieties, the crude protein content was higher in the mixture than in the pure switchgrass stands. Conversely, the neutral detergent fibre content in the mixture was lower than in pure switchgrass. Then, our results show that switchgrass-alfalfa intercropping leads to increase the profitability of grassland-based livestock production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spectral Light Management on Growth of Container-Grown Willow Oak, Nuttall Oak and Summer Red Maple

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Blue Shade ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Gray Shade

Plant response to blue, red, gray or black shade cloth was evaluated with willow oak (Quercus phellos L.), Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer, Nuttall) and Summer Red maple (Acer rubrum L. ‘Summer Red’) liners. Light transmitted through the colored shade cloth had no influence on germination of willow oak acorns or height and caliper growth following germination. Tree height, trunk diameter, number of internodes, shoot and root dry weight were generally greater with the species tested when exposed to red or gray shade cloth, but were often similar to plants exposed to blue or black shade. Height increase of willow oak with red shade was similar to plants exposed to blue or gray; however, the average number of internodes was similar with oaks exposed to blue shade and 16% less with oaks exposed to gray shade. Summer Red maples exposed to black, blue or red shade cloth were similar in height, though plants with blue shade had 23% less dry weight. Nuttall oaks exposed to gray shade had the greatest height increase while the plants exposed to red shade had the largest trunk diameter. The growth parameters measured showed some increases with exposure to colored shade, but the morphology of the species tested was not significantly altered to recommend the use of colored shade during production.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost and Biochar on Growth and Yield of Carrot in Red Lateritic Soils of Purulia District of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
P. Biswas ◽  
B. Mahato ◽  
D. C. Mahato ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
Chinanshuk Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
Positive Effect

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kalyan, Purulia, West Bengal, India located at Jahajpur during Rabi season of 2019. The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of vermicompost and biochar on growth and yield of carrot. The experimental design applied was randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The eight treatments comprised of T1- (Control), T2- (100% NPK), T3- (100% Biochar), T4- (50% Biochar + 50% NPK), T5- (75% Biochar + 25% NPK), T6- (100% Vermicompost), T7- (50% Vermicompost + 50% NPK), T8- (75% Vermicompost + 25% NPK). The growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of leaves, root length, root diameter and yield parameter fresh weight of root were analyzed during growth period and final harvesting in carrots for each treatment using standard methods. The results showed that vermicompost and biochar had a positive effect on all the parameters. T7- 50% Vermicompost + 50% NPK recorded highest yield of 27.67 t/ ha, while the lowest yield (12.24 t/ ha) was recorded in T1- (Control) from the carrots which did not receive any nutrients. However, yield recorded in T4- 50% Biochar + 50% NPK was at par with T8- 75% Vermicompost + 25% NPK. On the basis of the results of this study, 50% Vermicompost + 50% NPK is therefore recommended because it improves the growth parameters resulting to higher yield in carrots.

scholarly journals Uniconazole Retards Growth and Increases Flowering of Young Macadamia Trees

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike A. Nagao ◽  
Elodie B. Ho-a ◽  
Judy M. Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Second Year

Uniconazole (0.2 g a.i. per cm trunk diameter) was applied as a soil drench to 2-year-old potted macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) trees, and reapplied yearly for 4 additional years. Uniconazole significantly reduced tree height and trunk diameter 1 year after initial treatment, and suppressed shoot extension for the duration of the study. It significantly increased flowering the second year after initial treatment, the first year that both the control and treated trees flowered. Subsequently, no differences in flowering were observed until the fifth year, when flowering was significantly less in treated trees, probably due to reduced shoot and trunk growth and tip dieback. Chemical name used: E-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,-4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1-penten-3-ol) (uniconazole).

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

scholarly journals A protocol for sampling vascular epiphyte richness and abundance

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. D. Wolf ◽  
S. Robbert Gradstein ◽  
Nalini M. Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Epiphyte Communities ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Abstract:The sampling of epiphytes is fraught with methodological difficulties. We present a protocol to sample and analyse vascular epiphyte richness and abundance in forests of different structure (SVERA). Epiphyte abundance is estimated as biomass by recording the number of plant components in a range of size cohorts. Epiphyte species biomass is estimated on 35 sample-trees, evenly distributed over six trunk diameter-size cohorts (10 trees with dbh > 30 cm). Tree height, dbh and number of forks (diameter > 5 cm) yield a dimensionless estimate of the size of the tree. Epiphyte dry weight and species richness between forests is compared with ANCOVA that controls for tree size. SChao1 is used as an estimate of the total number of species at the sites. The relative dependence of the distribution of the epiphyte communities on environmental and spatial variables may be assessed using multivariate analysis and Mantel test. In a case study, we compared epiphyte vegetation of six Mexican oak forests and one Colombian oak forest at similar elevation. We found a strongly significant positive correlation between tree size and epiphyte richness or biomass at all sites. In forests with a higher diversity of host trees, more trees must be sampled. Epiphyte biomass at the Colombian site was lower than in any of the Mexican sites; without correction for tree size no significant differences in terms of epiphyte biomass could be detected. The occurrence of spatial dependence, at both the landscape level and at the tree level, shows that the inclusion of spatial descriptors in SVERA is justified.

Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Interference in Newly Planted Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
Walter A. Skroch ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field experiments conducted over a 2-yr period demonstrated that common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. # CYNDA] inhibited growth of newly planted peach (Prunus persica L. ‘Norman’) trees. Common bermudagrass densities of 100, 75, 50, and 25% ground cover reduced tree fresh weight by 86, 64, 43, and 19%, respectively, the first year (1978) and 87, 62, 44, and 28%, respectively, the second year (1979) after planting. Tree trunk diameter relative growth rate (RGR) was reduced by 75 and 100% common bermudagrass ground cover densities at all measurement dates only in 1978. Tree leaf N and K were reduced in both years by common bermudagrass; however, only at the 100% common bermudagrass density in 1978 was N at a deficient level. Leaf chlorophyll was reduced in trees grown in all densities of common bermudagrass only in 1978. Reduced tree growth cannot be explained entirely by competition for essential nutrients; thus an allelopathic effect of the bermudagrass on young peach roots is suspected.

scholarly journals Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Luciano Fernandes Moura ◽  
Pedro Felipe Sousa Teixeira ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽  
Rifandreo Monteiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.

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