GENETIC BASIS OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN OFFSPRING NUMBER AND QUALITY IN THE BANK VOLE

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Esa Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number

Natural variations of BrHISN2 provide a genetic basis for growth‐flavour trade‐off in different Brassica rapa subspecies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongbing Su ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Peirong Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Xin ◽  
Yangjun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Natural Variations

scholarly journals Inbreeding parents should invest more resources in fewer offspring

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bradley Duthie ◽  
Aline M. Lee ◽  
Jane M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Inbreeding Avoidance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Focal Female ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Joint Consideration

AbstractInbreeding increases parent-offspring relatedness and commonly reduces offspring viability, shaping selection on reproductive interactions involving relatives and associated parental investment (PI). Nevertheless, theories predicting selection for inbreeding versus inbreeding avoidance and selection for optimal PI have only been considered separately, precluding prediction of optimal PI and associated reproductive strategy given inbreeding. We unify inbreeding and PI theory, demonstrating that optimal PI increases when a female's inbreeding decreases the viability of her offspring. Inbreeding females should therefore produce fewer offspring due to the fundamental trade-off between offspring number and PI. Accordingly, selection for inbreeding versus inbreeding avoidance changes when females can adjust PI with the degree that they inbreed. In contrast, optimal PI does not depend on whether a focal female is herself inbred. However, inbreeding causes optimal PI to increase given strict monogamy and associated biparental investment compared to female-only investment. Our model implies that understanding evolutionary dynamics of inbreeding strategy, inbreeding depression, and PI requires joint consideration of the expression of each in relation to the other. Overall, we demonstrate that existing PI and inbreeding theories represent special cases of a more general theory, implying that intrinsic links between inbreeding and PI affect evolution of behaviour and intra-familial conflict.

scholarly journals Warmer temperatures attenuate the classic offspring number and reproductive investment trade-off in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert ◽  
Murielle Richard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Life-history traits involved in trade-offs are known to vary with environmental conditions. Here, we evaluate the response of the trade-off between ‘offspring number’ versus ‘energy invested per offspring’ to ambient temperature in 11 natural populations of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara . We provide evidence at both the intra- and interpopulation levels that the trade-off is reduced with an increase in air temperature. If this effect enhances current individual fitness, it may lead to an accelerated pace of life in warmer environments and could ultimately increase adult mortality. In the context of global warming, our results advocate the need for more studies in natural populations to explore interactions between life-history traits' trade-offs and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Optimal allocation of reproductive effort: manipulation of offspring number and size in the bank vole

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (1467) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula A. Oksanen ◽  
Pernilla Jonsson ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tapio Mappes
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Offspring Number

Number and Size of Offspring

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Parental Fitness

Offspring number and size are two of the most variable life-history traits. Among species, much of this variability can be attributed to genetic, developmental, physiological, or structural constraints. Some trait combinations are not possible because of differences associated with a species’ evolutionary history. Substantial variation in propagule number and size can exist among populations of the same species, generating questions concerning the adaptive significance of this variability. The most influential models are those attributed to Lack on clutch size and to Smith and Fretwell on offspring size. Fundamental to both sets of models is a trade-off between offspring number and parental investment per offspring. When offspring survival or fitness continuously varies with offspring size, the fitness of the parent depends on both offspring size and the number of offspring of that size that the parent can produce. If offspring survival is independent of offspring size, parental fitness is maximized when individuals maximize the production of minimally sized propagules.

The Trade-Off Between Offspring Number and Quality in the Great Tit Parus major

10.2307/4837 ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Smith ◽  
H. Kallander ◽  
J.-A. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number

scholarly journals Genetic basis of offspring number and body weight variation in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamilla Akhund-Zade ◽  
Shraddha Lall ◽  
Erika Gajda ◽  
Denise Yoon ◽  
Benjamin de Bivort
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Weight Variation

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster egg production, a proxy for fecundity, is an extensively studied life-history trait with a strong genetic basis. As eggs develop into larvae and adults, space and resource constraints can put pressure on the developing offspring, leading to a decrease in viability, body size, and lifespan. Our goal was to map the genetic basis of offspring number and weight under the restriction of a standard laboratory vial. We screened 143 lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel for offspring numbers and weights to create an ‘offspring index’ that captured the number vs. weight trade-off. We found 30 associated variants in 18 genes. Validation of hid, Sox21b, CG8312, and mub candidate genes using gene disruption mutants demonstrated a role in adult stage viability, while mutations in Ih and Rbp increased offspring number and increased weight, respectively. The polygenic basis of offspring number and weight, with many variants of small effect, as well as the involvement of genes with varied functional roles, support the notion of Fisher’s “infinitesimal model” for this life-history trait.

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