scholarly journals Optimal allocation of reproductive effort: manipulation of offspring number and size in the bank vole

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (1467) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula A. Oksanen ◽  
Pernilla Jonsson ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tapio Mappes
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Offspring Number

GENETIC BASIS OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN OFFSPRING NUMBER AND QUALITY IN THE BANK VOLE

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Esa Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number

scholarly journals How effective are maternal effects at having effects?

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1585) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Beckerman ◽  
Tim G Benton ◽  
Craig T Lapsley ◽  
Nils Koesters
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Offspring Investment

The well studied trade-off between offspring size and offspring number assumes that offspring fitness increases with increasing per-offspring investment. Where mothers differ genetically or exhibit plastic variation in reproductive effort, there can be variation in per capita investment in offspring, and via this trade-off, variation in fecundity. Variation in per capita investment will affect juvenile performance directly—a classical maternal effect—while variation in fecundity will also affect offspring performance by altering the offsprings' competitive environment. The importance of this trade-off, while a focus of evolutionary research, is not often considered in discussions about population dynamics. Here, we use a factorial experiment to determine what proportion of variation in offspring performance can be ascribed to maternal effects and what proportion to the competitive environment linked to the size–number trade-off. Our results suggest that classical maternal effects are significant, but that in our system, the competitive environment, which is linked to maternal environments by fecundity, can be a far more substantial influence.

COST OF REPRODUCTION IN THE WILD: MANIPULATION OF REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT IN THE BANK VOLE

Ecology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Koivula ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Tuula A. Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
In The Wild

Energy Policy: An Optimal Allocation Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 551-563
Author(s):  
Tariq Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Energy Problem ◽  
Study Section ◽  
Central Energy ◽  
Allocation Approach

Any system of ideas which underlies economic policy recommendations needs to be made explicit so that its doctrinal premise may be examined and debated. Section I of this paper, therefore, explicitly states the philosophical under -pinning of this study. Section 2 presents the central energy problem in a general mathematical form whereas the solution of the specific energy problem for the Pakistani economy is presented in Section 3, in which policy guidelines for obtaining the desired solution have also been discussed. Finally, Section 4 briefly presents our concluding remarks.

High Reproductive Effort and Low Recruitment Rates of European Beech: Is There a Limit for the Superior Competitor?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Szwagrzyk ◽  
Georg Gratzer ◽  
Hanna Stępniewska ◽  
Janusz Szewczyk ◽  
Bojana Veselinovic
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
European Beech ◽  
High Reproductive Effort
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