Towards Evolutionary Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bremer ◽  
Sebastian Lehnhoff
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Emergence

scholarly journals Evolution of the C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor Genes of the DECTIN-1 Cluster in the NK Gene Complex

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Sattler ◽  
Hormas Ghadially ◽  
Erhard Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Recognition Function ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Nk Gene Complex

Pattern recognition receptors are crucial in initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses and often belong to families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. The human C-type lectin-like receptors encoded in the DECTIN-1 cluster within the NK gene complex contain prominent receptors with pattern recognition function, such as DECTIN-1 and LOX-1. All members of this cluster share significant homology and are considered to have arisen from subsequent gene duplications. Recent developments in sequencing and the availability of comprehensive sequence data comprising many species showed that the receptors of the DECTIN-1 cluster are not only homologous to each other but also highly conserved between species. Even inCaenorhabditis elegans, genes displaying homology to the mammalian C-type lectin-like receptors have been detected. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic survey and give an up-to-date overview of the currently available data on the evolutionary emergence of the DECTIN-1 cluster genes.

Music, Science, and Culture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
CROSS IAN
Keyword(s):  
Operational Definition ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Culturally Embedded

Music is conceptualized as a product and a process of imagination. It is often assumed that engagement in music initiates the developmental and evolutionary emergence of imagination. This conception of music and its relationship to human powers of imagining is treated differently in science and musicology. For science, music is simply a complex pattern of sound or the experience of structured sound. For musicology and ethnomusicology, music cannot be separated from the cultural contexts in which they are embedded. This chapter proposes a broad operational definition of music which can be acceptable and applicable cross-naturally. This radical redefinition of music may provide ways of understanding music as both a culturally embedded practice and biologically grounded structure. Apart from providing a redefinition of music, the chapter also investigates some of the potential implications and consequences of this radical redefinition of music such as the possibility that the human capacity for culture may have been supported and consolidated by the emergence and presence of musicality.

scholarly journals Evolutionary emergence of angiogenesis in avascular tumors using a spatial public goods game

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0175063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Salimi Sartakhti ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Manshaei ◽  
David Basanta ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence

scholarly journals Pro-sociality without empathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vasconcelos ◽  
Karen Hollis ◽  
Elise Nowbahari ◽  
Alex Kacelnik
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Rescue Behaviour ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Goal Directedness ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Behavioural Sciences ◽  
Current Standards

Empathy, the capacity to recognize and share feelings experienced by another individual, is an important trait in humans, but is not the same as pro-sociality, the tendency to behave so as to benefit another individual. Given the importance of understanding empathy's evolutionary emergence, it is unsurprising that many studies attempt to find evidence for it in other species. To address the question of what should constitute evidence for empathy, we offer a critical comparison of two recent studies of rescuing behaviour that report similar phenomena but are interpreted very differently by their authors. In one of the studies, rescue behaviour in rats was interpreted as providing evidence for empathy, whereas in the other, rescue behaviour in ants was interpreted without reference to sharing of emotions. Evidence for empathy requires showing that actor individuals possess a representation of the receiver's emotional state and are driven by the psychological goal of improving its wellbeing. Proving psychological goal-directedness by current standards involves goal-devaluation and causal sensitivity protocols, which, in our view, have not been implemented in available publications. Empathy has profound significance not only for cognitive and behavioural sciences but also for philosophy and ethics and, in our view, remains unproven outside humans.

scholarly journals Evolutionary emergence of infectious diseases in heterogeneous host populations

PLoS Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e2006738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Chabas ◽  
Sébastien Lion ◽  
Antoine Nicot ◽  
Sean Meaden ◽  
Stineke van Houte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence
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