scholarly journals The influence of probiotic fodder additives on the morphofunctional state of duodenum pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
G.I. Kotsyumbas ◽  
V.M. Lemishevskyi ◽  
A.K. Kostyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Immune Resistance ◽  
Animal Mass

The article is dedicated to the study of the effect of a class of microorganisms and substances of microbial and other origin that are used in feeding pigs to achieve maximum growth in animal mass, as well as therapeutic purposes. Study of the effect of biologically active additives on the state of the pig's digestive system. The article considers the rational nutrition that increase the productivity and reproductive capacity of animals, and also prevent the emergence of profound disturbances of all metabolic processes which leads to a decrease in resistance to productivity, a clinically pronounced disease of adult animals and young animals. The authors pay attention to the morphometric parameters, ultrastructure and content of nucleic acids in the wall of the duodenum of pigs by forage feeding with the addition of probiotic fodder additive «Probion-forte» in dose of 1 g/kg of fodder. Research were conducted on 28 day pigs, breed «Large White». It was formed two groups of piglets per 30 heads; piglets were fed with standard mixed fodders; piglets from the first group were received standard mixed fodder with the addition of  probiotic fodder additive «Probion-forte» in dose 1 g/kg of fodder for 42 days. After the slaughter of  piglets, pieces of duodenum for histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies were selected. Statistical significance of differences was determined by Student's t test , assuming 5% estimate error. It was shown that feeding with forage within 42 days from the addition of probiotic fodder additive «Probion-forte» at a dose of 1 g/kg, villus height is increase, crypt depth and a number of plasma cells in the lamina propria of mucosa of the duodenum, which helps the digestive process and increase the area of nutrient absorption in the intestines. The number of plasma cells are increased in the lamina propria of mucosa and testify immunomodulatory effect of fodder additives. Ultra structural alteration of microvilli and changes in the nuclei of duodenal enterocytes of piglets of the first group indicates a more pronounced acfunctional activity of enterocytes and thereby increases the activity of parietal digestion in the intestine. As a conclusion, the task by definition performed of the effective dose of probiotic in feed for pig it can be considered completed and we can state the probiotics can be incorporated, as a alternative to antibiotics and increase the weight gain of animals and also to increase the level of immune resistance of the organism.

Productivity and technological qualities of pork when using biological drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
O. Mikheeva ◽  
V. Fedyuk ◽  
M. Slozhenkina
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Large White ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Intestinal Microbiology ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Meat Productivity

In world practice biologically active drugs are widely used at different technological stages of rearing pigs, poultry and cattle. Special attention should be paid to bio-grugs obtained not as a result of chemical synthesis, but isolated from organs and tissues of healthy animals. Restoration of normal intestinal microflora of the animal is the basis of the concept of probiotics. Currently, probiotics are considered as endogenous intestinal microflora most often belonging to the group of lactobacilli, streptococci or bifidobacteria or as specific growth factors for them. Probiotics are selected according to certain criteria based on scientific knowledge of the physiology of intestinal microbiology, as well as animal nutrition. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of biological products on resistance, reproductive, fattening and meat productivity of pigs, on the quality of whole-muscle and fine-structured pork products; to develop a method of application of duodenum extract in combination with probiotics to increase the productivity of pigs. Studies on the effect of extracts derived from endocrine cells of the intestine, in combination with probiotics on the productivity of pigs of Large White breed and the quality of pork, as well as studied the effect of duodenins and probiotics in different concentrations on the protective properties of animal blood have been carried out. New methods of application of extracts of endocrine cells of intestines and probiotics for increase of meat productivity of animals and quality of pork have been offered. The use of bio-drugs increased the livability of young animals in all experimental groups from 1st to 4st by 3,51; 6,05; 4,95 and 5,90 %, respectively. There was an advantage in the amount of revenue from the sale of products of all experimental groups over the control one.

Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

2010 ◽  
pp. 2244-2256
Author(s):  
D.J. Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles

The gastrointestinal tract is protected by gut-associated lymphoid tissue that provides an environment where interaction occurs between luminal antigen and specially adapted immune tissue in Peyer’s patches (small intestine only) or lymphoid follicles. T and B lymphocytes primed in the gut migrate into the systemic circulation via the thoracic duct but home preferentially to the lamina propria of the intestine. Plasma cells of the lamina propria secrete immunoglobulin A as a dimer linked by a joining peptide....

scholarly journals Responsive population dynamics and wide seeding into the duodenal lamina propria of transglutaminase-2-specific plasma cells in celiac disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Di Niro ◽  
O Snir ◽  
K Kaukinen ◽  
G Yaari ◽  
K E A Lundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Transglutaminase 2

Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Is Associated With Increased Lamina Propria Immunoglobulin G4-Positive Plasma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nissreen Mohammad ◽  
Vishal Avinashi ◽  
Edmond Chan ◽  
Bruce A. Vallance ◽  
Elodie Portales-Casamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin G4

Healthy Donor Whole Bone Marrow Cells Preconditioned With Myeloma Patient Serum Support Long-Term Survival Of Primary Myeloma and Reveal Altered Microenvironmental Pathways

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3118-3118
Author(s):  
Rakesh Bam ◽  
Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Sharmin Khan ◽  
Wen Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Abstract Primary human myeloma (MM) cells do not survive in culture while current in vitro and in vivo systems for growing these cells are limited to coculture with specific bone marrow (BM) cell type or growth in immunodeficient animal model. The aim of the study was to determine long-term survival and interaction of primary MM plasma cells with a healthy adult human BM that include immune cells capable of functional activation. This system is different from the autologous BM culture that is already affected by the disease. Whole BM cells from healthy donors were cultured in αMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 10% serum pooled from MM patients. Following 7-9 days the cultures were composed of adherent and nonadherent cellular compartments. The nonadherent compartment contained typical BM hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, B and T lymphocytes and NK and normal plasma cells as assessed by flow cytometry, while the adherent compartment contained cells that morphologically resemble macrophages, osteoclasts, megakaryocytes and fibroblast-like cells. At this culture stage, CD138-selected MM cells from 20 patients were added to the BM cultures (4:1 BM:MM cell ratio) and survival and growth of MM cells were determined after 7 days by assessing proportion of CD45low/intermediate/CD38high MM plasma cells among total number of cells. MM and BM cell viability was constantly high (>90%) in cocultures. Subsets of primary MM plasma cells, regardless of molecular risk or subtype, were survived and detected in all cases while in 14 of 20 experiments, number of MM plasma cells was increased by 58±12% (p<0.0005, n=14). MM cell proliferation following long-term coculture was evident by the loss of cell membrane PKH26 dye or by BudR uptake in dividing cocultured MM cells. Growth of primary MM was superior in cocultures supplemented with patient serum compared to healthy donor serum. In additional study, we stably infected IL6- or stroma-dependent MM lines, or two primary MM cell cases capable of passaging in SCID-hu mice with EGFP/luciferase construct and demonstrated increased MM cell growth in all experiments in coculture using bioluminescence analysis (statistical significance range: p<0.04 to p<0.0003). Growth of OPM2 MM line was also enhanced in coculture compared to culture alone. The coculture conditions protected OPM2 cells from dexamethasone but not bortezomib while proportion of MM cell killing by lenalidomide was enhanced compared to culture of OPM2 cells alone. To assess the effect of MM cells on BM cells in coculture, global gene expression profile was performed on BM cells cultured alone or plasma cell-depleted BM after coculture with MM cells from 4 patients. Among the top underexpressed genes we identified immunoglobulin genes related to polyclonal plasma cells, extracellular factors associated with osteoblastogenesis (e.g. MGP, IGFBP2), WNT signaling (e.g. SOX4, LRP1, LRP6) and TGFb bioavailability (e.g. FBN1, LTBP1). Top upregulated genes include immuneregulatory factors such as PROK2, LRG1, OLFM4 and IL16, and cellular markers (e.g. ARG1 expressed by MDSCs). This culture system demonstrates the ability of primary MM cells to interact with and to survive in coculture with healthy adult BM that was first cultivated by patients' serum and is appropriate for studying MM-microenvironment interaction, characterization of MM cell subpopulations capable of long term survival and targeted therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study of the Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue of Pigs Naturally Infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sarradell ◽  
M. Andrada ◽  
A. S. Ramírez ◽  
A. Fernández ◽  
J. C. Gómez-Villamandos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Alveolar Septa

Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEN), caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), has been described in pigs in all geographic areas. The disease is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality rates in intensive swine production systems. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study was done to determine the cellular populations present in lung parenchyma of infected pigs, with special attention to the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used for the detection of antigens of Mh, T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), IgG+ or IgA+ lymphocytes, and cells containing lysozyme, S-100 protein, major histocompatibility complex class II antigen or myeloid-histiocyte antigen. Findings in lung tissues associated with Mh infection were catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia, with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles and alveolar septa. Hyperplasia of mononuclear cells in the BALT areas was the most significant histologic change. The BALT showed a high morphologic and cellular organization. Macrophages and B lymphocytes were the main cellular components of germinal centers. T lymphocytes were primarily located in perifollicular areas of the BALT, lamina propria and within the airway epithelium, and plasma cells containing IgG or IgA at the periphery of the BALT, in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles, in alveolar septa, and around bronchial submucosal glands. The hyperplastic BALT in PEN cases consisted of macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, and IgG+ and IgA+ plasma cells. CD4+ cells predominated over CD8+ cells. Local humoral immunity appears to play an important role in the infection.

scholarly journals Pathohistological changes in the intestine, lungs and liver of sheep with spontaneous strongyloidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
S. Sorokova ◽  
V. Yevstafieva ◽  
O. Shchebentovska ◽  
O. Barabolia ◽  
K. Suprunenko
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Non Invasive

Sheep diseases of invasive and non-invasive etiology are among the restrictive factors for Ukrainian sheep-breeding. The helminthiases are among the most widespread parasitical diseases, and particularly strongyloidiasis causes significant losses for sheep farms in cases of severe course. Young sheep are the most susceptible, showing growth and developmental lag, and death occurs in cases of high invasiveness due to severe pathologies induced by the parasites. Thus the aim of the present work was to study the morphological and histological changes in the intestine, lungs and liver of sheep with strongyloidiasis. Results of pathoanatomy showed that under spontaneous sheep strongyloidiasis with the intensity of the invasion from 50 to 136 specimens of nematodes, the main pathological changes occur at Strongyloides localization sites: intestine and parenchymatous organs (lungs and liver). Particularly, the small intestine showed catarrhal desquamative enteritis. Morphological changes of its mucosa demonstrated necrosis of the apical part of the villi, desquamation of epithelium, constriction and decrease of intestinal crypts. At the same time, massive diffusive cell infiltrates were detected in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria with the prevalence of eosinophilic leukocytes, inflammatory thickening of villi cylindrical epithelium and its mucous metamorphosis, pyknosis and lysis of enterocyte nuclei. In the large intestine, necrosis of the mucosa was detected, with edema, effusion of serum-cell exudate in its canal, diffusive infiltration of lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria. Lung tissue demonstrated parasite larvae localized in canals of the bronchi and in alveoli. These sites had diffusive hemorrhages in lung parenchyma, signs of inflammation and thickening of interstitial tissue caused by damage to vessel walls due to migration of parasite larvae. Histological changes in the liver of sheep with strongyloidiasis showed the development of granular dystrophy and necrotic changes in hepatocytes.

scholarly journals P073 An increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis is detected in intestinal fibroblasts from Crohn’s Disease patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S176-S177
Author(s):  
L Gisbert-Ferrandiz ◽  
M Queralt ◽  
J Cosín-Roger ◽  
S Coll ◽  
C Bauset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mtor Protein ◽  
Significant Increment

Abstract Background Fibrosis is a complication commonly present in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with a structuring (B2) or penetrating (B3) phenotype, with no effective treatment. This process is characterized by a disequilibrium between the production and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), mainly regulated by myofibroblasts. We aim to analyse here, the expression of markers of autophagy, apoptosis and proliferation in intestinal fibroblasts from CD patients. Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from the damaged intestinal mucosa of CD patients with a penetrating and stenotic behaviour. Control cells were obtained from the non-damaged intestine of patients with colorectal cancer. Protein levels of markers of autophagy and apoptosis were determined by Western Blot in isolated fibroblasts. The proliferation marker Ki67 was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 5 µm slides of intestinal tissue from control or CD patients. Statistical significance was measured by t-test. Results In fibroblasts from CD patients, we detected a significant decrease in the ratio phospho-mTOR / mTOR (Fig. A) in parallel with a non-significant increment in the LC3 II / LC3 I protein ratio (174% ± 46.5), and a decrease in p62 protein levels (84.8% ± 5.5). When compared between CD behaviours, a significant decreased in the phospho-mTOR / mTOR protein ratio was detected in fibroblasts from B2- compared to that obtained in cells from B3-CD patients (Fig. B). The analysis of the expression of an apoptosis marker, Caspase 3, revealed a decreased of cleaved caspase 3 protein levels in CD fibroblasts compared to levels detected in control cells (Fig C). Finally, we observed in the lamina propria of the intestine from CD patients an increased number of Ki67 positive cells, compared to that detected in control tissue. Conclusion Our data show an increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis in isolated intestinal fibroblasts from CD patients; the high number of cells proliferating in the lamina propria of the intestinal tissue of these patients, strongly suggests a higher viability of these cells in the fibrotic context.

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