scholarly journals Adaptive ability of the poultry and its importance in the selection of animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Paskevych ◽  
A. V. Hunchak ◽  
L. M. Fialovych
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

An important property of living organisms is the ability to adapt to the influence ofthe externalfactors that is constant adaptation to environmental changes, while preserving the constancy of the internal environment. At the present levelof thedevelopment of poultry farming in agro farms of different types, the choice of the most adaptive and competitive breeds and crossbreds of the poultry in the production of eggs and meat is of great importance. Farm animals are affected by various external factors such as technology of keeping, production, veterinary and prophylactic and zootechnical measures. According to various scientific sources, a significant number of poultry crosses are used in Ukraine, mainly for the selection of leading firms in the USA, Canada, and Western Europe (foreign breeds in Ukraine account about 80% of the total poultry population). They provide a high degree of implementation of the genetic productivity potential, butunder rather controlled, almost climatic conditions of keeping and feeding. At the same time, they are very responsive to changing of environment when used in the conditions of the breeding and commodity enterprises of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the main economic-useful signs of the bird (bearing, weight of eggs, reproductive qualities) have polygenic inheritance and, accordingly, have a small fate of additivity of the operating genes. Therefore, in the new conditions of exploitation of cross-breeds of foreign selection on the indicated signs there is a significant influence of interaction «genotype × environment», which reduces the combinational ability of the family farms and, accordingly, manifestation of the heterosys effect. To preserve the structure of the cross, adaptation of the original family forms to the specific conditions of the poultry holdings is necessary, and then the implementation of supporting selection during mass selection of repair young animals. It should be taken into account that the suitability of imported lines, family forms or final bird hybrids is limited to the limits of their physiological response, since their heredity is formed in the conditions of the country where they are bred. The problem of adaptation of poultry in the conditions of industrial poultry farming is constantly relevant. The intensification of the industry leads to the new adaptation factors, in particular, different technological conditions for repair young animals and adult herds, changes in the recipes of feed and the quality of their components in other regions, the movement of poultry, stresses and so on. At the present, it is important to take into account both adaptive responses, acclimatization capacity of poultry and other animals imported from abroad, and selection according to the indicators of the reaction of the body for different methods of their study. In this regard, it is advisable to use crosses that have high adaptive capabilities.

Efficiency of correction of autonomic disorders in the conditions of meteo-climatic maladaptation by the methods of reflex and crystal therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Михайлова ◽  
A. Mikhaylova ◽  
Круглянин ◽  
K. Kruglyanin ◽  
Файзуллоев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autonomic Disorders

The change of climatic conditions often leads to stress and sometimes failure of adaptive resources. Vegetative nervous system is one of the main participants of adaptation to environmental changes. Its functions inevitably decline in cases of short-term change of meteorological and climatic conditions, especially, in people with history of vascular dystonia. The article presents the results of correction of the autonomic function by the methods of reflex- and crystal therapy in the conditions of maladaptation due to meteo-climatic changes. Due to its popularization in world medical practice and absence of research within evidence-based medicine, non-drug therapy, used in complementary medicine, in particular crystal therapy, require evaluation of its effectiveness for correction of autonomic disorders in cases of maladaptation and comparing with the generally accepted method of reflexology. Crystal therapy is a method of health improvement, which involves applying precious and semiprecious minerals to various parts of the body. Assessment of vegetative nervous system in healthy men and women with the diagnosis of vascular dystonia was carried out on the first day and 7-8 days after the arrival to Anapa. Randomized, blind, placebo controlled study has shown significant difference of the effect of reflex- and crystal therapy from the control group and the placebo group, in the correction of vegetative disturbances according to the heart rate variability and a number of mental health indicators. It has proven the effectiveness of reflexotherapy in the case of a high degree of maladaptation and crystal therapy in case of mild to moderate severity of maladaptation, identified according to the coefficient of weather variability in traffic along various routes.

scholarly journals Extraterritorial-constitutional features of Вlack-and-Spotted Dairy cows of different affinity and production types

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
O. M. Golub ◽  
S. G. Shalovylo ◽  
A. O. Bojko ◽  
R. S. Oseredchuk
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Meat Type

The evaluation of animals by exteriors and constitutions is an important component in an integrated selection system. Exterior of farm animals is an external manifestation of the constitution and fully characterizes their tribal, productive and adaptive capabilities. The exteriors also assess the degree of animal typical for the line, family, because the type of body structure, along with the indicators of milk productivity is the main selection criterion for the improvement of any breed. The research was carried out on a herd of cows of Ukrainian Black-and- Spotted Dairy breed in the amount of 320 heads in the LTD “Pershe Travnya” Drohobych district Lviv region. The definition of productive types was carried out in accordance with the recommendations from the evaluation of the type of body tissue of dairy cattle of Derzhagroprom of Ukraine (1991). In the result of the evaluation, two groups of animals were identified: milk and milk and meat types. At the same time, in each production type, two groups of cows were established by the method of genealogical analysis: I – up to 75% and II – over 75% of the inheritance of Holstein breed. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-Spotted Dairy breed are characterized by strong body structure and good muscle development. The assessment of exterior – constitutional parameters of experimental animals revealed, that from 320 cows to dairy type belong 170 heads, or 55.6%, and to a milk-meat type – 142 heads, or 44.4%. It was installed that the cows of Ukrainian Black-and-Spotted Dairy breed of various types of production, despite the same conditions of keeping, are distinguished by the following measurements: height at the withers – 132.9 – 136.2 cm, height in the back - 135.8 – 138.9 cm, height in the sacrum – 137.7 – 140.7 cm, depth of chest – 72.9 – 75.9 cm, breast width 43.4 – 45.9 cm, breast circumference – 193.3 – 196.4 cm, curvature of the body – 160.7 – 165.3 cm, spit curve length of the back – 53.6 – 55.1 cm, girth heel – 19.7 – 20.5 cm. The indicated measurements in the section of lactation in high-clover cows compared to animals with a proportion of heredity of holstein to 75% are generally higher in both types of production. This indicates that with the increase in genotypes the share of heredity and among the animals of the milk-meat type are formed externality signs with a bias in the milk type.

scholarly journals Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata K. Farina ◽  
Camila Paraboni ◽  
Daniela Figueiró ◽  
Mateus Raguse-Quadros ◽  
Charles F. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Wetland Vegetation ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Microhabitat Structure ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Climatic conditions and microhabitat characteristics, such as the substrate and type of vegetation, influence the choice of male anurans for calling sites that optimize their reproductive success. We evaluated the structure and selection of vocalization microhabitat of 17 individuals of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 and 25 of Boana leptolineata (Braun & Braun, 1977), in a subtropical forest in southern Brazil. We measure the height of the perch, the distance between the perch and the edge of the body of water and the structure of the microhabitat of quadrants used by individuals. The same attributes were measured in the quadrants available (but not used) by the individuals. We classified the microhabitats by visual estimate, assigning percentages of coverage for each quadrant by herbaceous, shrub, tree and wetland vegetation. We observed that both species selected their microhabitat, since the characteristics of the quadrants occupied by the individuals were different from those available. Phyllomedusa distincta was more associated with heterogeneous microhabitats, while B. leptolineata occurred in environments with greater coverage of tree strata. Additionally, we observed that both species used shrubs more frequently as a perch site. The selection of these microhabitat characteristics must be associated with strategies to optimize the use of the reproductive habitat, based on the morphological and behavioral characteristics of the species. Finally, it is possible to infer that the differences observed in the microhabitat structure selected by the species can facilitate the coexistence of both in the context of the heterogeneity of the environment.

scholarly journals Hygiene-biotic factors on the application of modern pre-and probiotics in poultry

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
V. P. Lyasota ◽  
A. V. Kolodka
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

The rapid development of poultry farming requires increasing requirements for the safety and quality of products. This is especially true for broiler chickens, turkeys and meat production. Over the past decade, research by many scientists has shown that fundamental knowledge of the conditions of interaction of the microorganism with the microflora that inhabits biotopes and the creation and widespread introduction into practice of biological products from living or lyophilized microbial cultures – probiotics – is very important. Bacterial preparations based on living microbial cultures – probiotics – have become widespread in the technological process of growing poultry in most countries of the world, including in Ukraine. The microorganisms that make up the probiotic are representative of the normal gut flora; have high antagonistic properties against opportunistic and pathogenic microflora, even those that are insensitive to many antibiotics; have the ability to activate macrophages, ie to influence the intensity of phagocytosis; have the ability to enhance the induction of interferon, ie to influence the increase of factors of natural resistance of animals; to influence the regulation of metabolism in the body of animals, vitamin balance, intestinal digestion; have the ability to produce biologically active substances. To date, studies in the field of bacteriotherapy and prevention of various pathological conditions in animals and poultry associated with disorders of the composition of the normal gut flora are quite relevant. However, in spite of the positive characteristics that pay tribute to probiotic drugs, there are still three areas of concern for improving such drugs in order to achieve their effectiveness in use. First, the microorganisms that make up the probiotic, to a greater or lesser extent, have poor patency through the upper divisions of the digestive canal due to the action of gastric juice and enzymes on them, and therefore do not reach the thick compartment in the amount required to provide required effect. Secondly, if a small number of microorganisms in the composition of the probiotic and has reached the large intestine – it can get bad in the already competitive environment of pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms already formed during this period. Third, in addition, the use of probiotics inhabits the thick intestine only by the microflora that is part of it and does not reproduce the diversity of its own microflora. The main advantages of probiotics over chemotherapeutic drugs and anti-tibiotics are that they are harmless to the body of the animal and are environmentally friendly. Due to the great attention to probiotics as environmentally friendly preparations, there is now an increase in the study of biological properties and selection of bacterial strains, the most promising in the probiotic respect. This is the direction of selection of strains specific for the intestinal biocenosis of a particular animal and poultry species, which have high colonization and antagonistic properties. Thus, nowadays, in poultry farming, it is impossible to completely abandon preventive vaccinations, disinfection, use of antibiotics, anthelmintics, coccidiostats and other chemotherapeutic drugs. After their use, the need for enriched diet of pro-and prebiotics increases many times over. This is justified by the need to improve the normal gut microbiota, which, in the first place, leads to increased nutrient uptake of feed and, as a consequence, to improve the nutritional and biological value of poultry products. However, in the current scientific literature, researchers have not sufficiently described the characteristics of the impact on the body of animals, including birds, the above nutraceuticals, also did not determine the quality and safety of slaughter products, did not substantiate their sanitary evaluation. Therefore, the development of new biotic drugs, especially domestic in time.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

scholarly journals Wearable Vibration Sensor for Measuring the Wing Flapping of Insects

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Ryota Yanagisawa ◽  
Shunsuke Shigaki ◽  
Kotaro Yasui ◽  
Dai Owaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vibration Sensor ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Film Sensor ◽  
Insect Wing

In this study, we fabricated a novel wearable vibration sensor for insects and measured their wing flapping. An analysis of insect wing deformation in relation to changes in the environment plays an important role in understanding the underlying mechanism enabling insects to dynamically interact with their surrounding environment. It is common to use a high-speed camera to measure the wing flapping; however, it is difficult to analyze the feedback mechanism caused by the environmental changes caused by the flapping because this method applies an indirect measurement. Therefore, we propose the fabrication of a novel film sensor that is capable of measuring the changes in the wingbeat frequency of an insect. This novel sensor is composed of flat silver particles admixed with a silicone polymer, which changes the value of the resistor when a bending deformation occurs. As a result of attaching this sensor to the wings of a moth and a dragonfly and measuring the flapping of the wings, we were able to measure the frequency of the flapping with high accuracy. In addition, as a result of simultaneously measuring the relationship between the behavior of a moth during its search for an odor source and its wing flapping, it became clear that the frequency of the flapping changed depending on the frequency of the odor reception. From this result, a wearable film sensor for an insect that can measure the displacement of the body during a particular behavior was fabricated.

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