scholarly journals Показники кореляції між площею кровоносних судин і тканинних компонентів тимуса телят

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Zh.H. Stegney
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Status ◽  
Thoracic Part ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

Tissue components, intraorganic blood vessels and indicators of correlation between the area of these structures in the thymus of 1, 5, 10 and 20 day-old calves were investigated. Newborns calves at birth had different morphofunctional status. Thymic blood vessels are represented as interlobular and intralobular blood vessels as confirmed by other authors. In the cortical portion blood vessels were branching radially, in the medullary portion they formed a polygonal plexus. In 1-day-old calves of average morphofunctional status the area of organ’s parenchyma was less and the area of connective tissue stroma was bigger than in the calves of high status. This indicates the delay of thymus formation as an organ and suppression of its functional activity in calves of average morphofunctional status. In this case, the area of thymic blood vessels of 1-day-old calves of high morphofunctional status was bigger than of average morphofunctional status calves. The area of thymic parenchyma in calves up to 5-days old was increasing, and the area of connective tissue stroma was reducing. Characteristically, the area of parenchyma and stroma in the calves of this age reached the values that calves of high morphofunctional status had. In older calves the area of parenchyma was slightly decreasing and the area of stroma was increasing. Our studies showed that the correlative relationships between the area of blood vessels and tissue components of thoracic part of thymus of calves with different morphofunctional status were variable in the firmness and character. In thoracic part of thymus of 1-day-old calves with high morphofunctional status of the body the correlative relationships between the area of blood vessels and tissue components were tight and reversible. Their firmness was slightly less in calves of medium status. With increasing of calves’ age the correlative relationships changed asynchronously in firmness and character: in 5- and 10-days-old calves they were tight, weak and reversible, and in 20-days-old calves they were tight, positive and reversible.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
L. V. Khalikova ◽  
A. A. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Omentum ◽  
Low Grade

The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression). Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.

scholarly journals A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SKIN LESIONS OF PELLAGRA

1911 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Fraser B. Gurd
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Pigment Formation

The cutaneous lesions in pellagra consist of an early erythema, or, in occasional cases, of vesicles or bullous formations which are followed by hyperkeratosis and pigmentation, resulting in a dry, dark brown scaliness. These various lesions are similar to those normally produced by the action of sunlight, but are much more marked. The histological phenomena of the erythematous and bullous stage are those of a mild acute inflammatory reaction, together with a degeneration in the superficial layers of the corium. Following this degeneration, which involves not only the general connective tissue but the connective tissue of the blood vessels, there is a reparative change evidenced histologically by an increased cellularity of the corium and the presence of fibroblasts. The capillaries also are increased in number and much dilated. Apparently as a result of this increased vascularity of the corium, there is an increased proliferation of the epithelium resulting in a thickening of the epidermis. This increase in thickness of the epithelial layer is especially marked in the prickle cells and the stratum granulosum. In the later stages, in an effort to secure a firm basement membrane, the epithelium is seen to dip down deeply into the rarefied connective tissue. About the blood vessels during the reactionary process are found collections of lymphoid cells, a few plasma cells, but no mast cells or eosinophiles. That the irritant producing the degeneration in the corium is sunlight in the presence of some predisposing factor, is suggested by the enormous increase in pigment formation in the epithelial cells and by the large number of chromatophores in the superficial layers of the corium. This pigmentation is autochthonous in both types of cell. There is no reason for believing that the pigment is formed in the cells of the corium and thence discharged into the epithelium, or that the reverse process takes place. The predisposing factor inducing the changes in the corium is, apparently, a lessened resistance of the epithelium to the violet and ultra-violet rays, due to some metabolic insufficiency on the part of the epithelial cells. Further observation may justify the conclusion that throughout the body, pellagra is a disease essentially of the epithelium, including the nervous system, this pathological condition manifesting itself by an insufficient or altered function.

scholarly journals The development and function of the heart and pericardium in echinodermata

1932 ◽  
Vol 109 (764) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
And Function

The investigations which form the subject of the paper were begun with the object of verifying the statements made by several authors with regard to the origin and development of the so-called "heart" or pericardial vesicle of Echinoderms. A study of the literature soon led to the conclusion that our knowledge of the development of the organ was somewhat defective and that a thorough revision of its development and ultimate fate would be desirable. This work has occupied my attention for the last two years and the results obtained have been fairly satisfactory. Historical Resumé . The Echinodermata offer a number of most interesting problems to the comparative physiologist. They are in many senses the lowest animals, from the point of view of organisation, which possess a true cœlom or secondary body-cavity. It was always assumed by earlier naturalists that these animals must have a circulatory system and strenuous efforts were made to find a heart and blood-vessels. None of these efforts has been very successful because the so-called vessels were found to be mere rents in the loose connective tissue without proper walls of their own, and further, no connection could be traced between vessels in one part and those in another part. The fact that these vessels owe the honour of being denominated blood-vessels at all is because they contain a ground-substance, which unlike the ground-substance of the rest of the connective tissue, stains with aniline dyes such as eosin and methyl green. If there is to be true circulation some part of the system must be rhythmically contractile and so a heart had to be found. A pillar-like organ, lying alongiside the stone-canal in Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea and Asteroidea, was selected for the rôle. Unfortunately, in Holothuroidea, where the so called vessels are best developed, it is absent and this fact may be correlated with the elongated shape of the animal and the contractility of the body wall. Later, as repeated observation had failed to detect any sign of its beating, the non-committal term of "pseudo-heart" was adopted for it. It is now proposed to call it the “pericardial vesicle.”

Pituitary Chromophobe Adenoma in a Cat

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Zaki ◽  
S.-K. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

Chromophobe adenoma was diagnosed in the pituitary gland of an 11-year-old domestic shorthaired cat. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a mass of cells with scant sinusoidal arrangement and connective tissue stroma and few blood vessels. In areas the neoplastic cells contained large vacuoles that occupied the entire cytoplasm and pushed the nuclei aside.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE THYMUS IN NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Ирина Андриевская ◽  
Irina Andrievskaya ◽  
Игорь Гориков ◽  
Igor Gorikov ◽  
Лариса Сомова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Main Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
General Plan

The aim of the work was to study the morphological structure of the thymus gland in 36 full-term newborns who died at the 2-5 day of life. The main group included 16 newborns who were diagnosed with intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection by the serological method and polymerase chain reaction. Cerebral ischemia of moderate and severe degree, subarachnoid and periventricular hemorrhages, as well as markers of local and generalized forms of congenital infection were revealed in children of this group. The comparison group was represented by 20 newborns with antenatal ontogenesis, uncomplicated by acute respiratory and herpes-virus infections, moderate and severe somatic and obstetric pathology in their mothers during pregnancy. The cause of their death was birth trauma, intranatal and postnatal hypoxia. In the description of the neonatal thymus, attention was paid to the following features: the general plan of the structure; structural changes in the capsule of the gland; the structure of the cortical and brain matter; violation of loose fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels of the organ. It was found out that the structure of the thymus gland in the main group was different from that in the comparison group, especially a predominance of neonates with increase and decrease in the organ mass. With the growth of the mass of the thymus there was frequently revealed subcapsular hemorrhage; the sharpness of borders decreased or completely disappeared between cortical and medullary substance; the areas of crust delymphatisation, Hassall’s corpuscles filled with detritus were often identified. The edema of the interlobular loose fibrous connective tissue increased, the endothelial edema and its desquamation in the lumen of blood vessels were noted. Lymphocyte clusters in the interlobular connective tissue were clearly visualized. In the case of a decrease in the body mass, small lobules, excessive formation of collagen fibers in the interlobular connective tissue, the loss of lymphocytes in the cortical substance and small Hassal’s bodies were more often recorded. Stimulation of thymus growth may be associated with the direct cytodestructive effect of the virus and intrauterine stress, leading to a drop in cortisol content. In the inhibition of immunopoesis growth, prolonged antenatal antigenic stimulation, higher level of cortisol against progressing alterative processes in glandulocyte of the cortex of suprarenal glands of the fetus play an important role.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ABDOMINAL PLEXUS OF RATS DURING HERBICIDE INTOXICATION AND TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
S.M. Shakirova ◽  
◽  
D.M. Shakirova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Celiac Plexus ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

As a result of the study, it was found that poisoning of rats with the herbicide 2,4 - DA for 4 weeks causes a decrease in the number of neurocytes in the celiac plexus, changes the protein synthesizing and energy systems of the cell, and accumulates residual structures in the form of lipofuscin. In the neuroplasm, the number of neurofilaments and neurotubules decreases, the organization of the myelin layer of fibers is disrupted. Changes affect the structure of the intima and media of blood vessels, leading to a violation of their transport function. When rats are treated with Taktivin, they show positive dynamics in the structure of the celiac plexus; the protein-synthesizing system is restored in the nuclei and neuroplasm of a number of cells. In the connective tissue stroma, the ultrastructure of collagen fibers improves, and the number of blood vessels increases.

scholarly journals II. Note on the intracellular development of blood-corpuscles in mammalia

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
New Born ◽  
Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
In Cells

If the subcutaneous connective tissue of the new-born rat is examined under the microscope in an indifferent fluid, it is found to consist chiefly of an almost homogeneous hyaline ground-substance, which is traversed by a few wavy fibres, and has a considerable number of exceedingly delicate, more or less flattened cells scattered throughout the tissue. The cells here spoken of are of course the connective-tissue corpuscles. They are not much branched as a rule (at any rate their branches do not extend far from the body of the corpuscle), and they are mainly distinguished by the extraordinary amount of vacuolation which they exhibit—by which is meant the formation within the protoplasm of minute clear spherules, less refractive than that substance, and probably, therefore, spaces in it containing a watery fluid. The nuclei, of which there is generally not more than one in each cell, are frequently obscured by the vacuoles, but, when visible, are seen to be round or oval in shape and beautifully clear and homogeneous; they commonly contain either one or two nucleoli. It is from these cells that the blood-vessels of the tissue are formed, and within them, red, and perhaps also, white blood-corpuscles become developed. Of the vacuolated cells above described some possess a distinct reddish tinge, either pretty evenly diffused over the whole corpuscle, or in one or more patches, not distinctly circumscribed, but fading off into the surrounding protoplasm. Others contain either one, two, or a greater number of reddish globules, consisting apparently of hæmoglobin. These vary in size, from minute specks to spherules as large as, or even larger than, the red corpuscles of the adult: in cells which are apparently least developed it is common to find them of various sizes in the same cell; whereas cells which are further advanced in development are not uncommonly crowded with hæmoglobin-globules, tolerably equal in point of size, and differing from the adult corpuscle only in shape. It is important to remark that there is, at no time, an indication of any structure within the globules resembling a nucleus: the nucleus of the cell also appears, up to this point at least, to undergo no change. In fact the formation of the hæmoglobin-globules reminds one rather of a deposit within the cell-substance such as occurs in developing fat-cells, the difference being that in the latter case the deposited globules eventually run together into one drop, whereas in the former they remain distinct as they increase in size and eventually take on the flattened form.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

COMPARISON OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF MOXONIDINE VERSUS CLONIDINE IN RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
DR.MATHEW GEORGE ◽  
DR.LINCY JOSEPH ◽  
MRS.DEEPTHI MATHEW ◽  
ALISHA MARIA SHAJI ◽  
BIJI JOSEPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Blood Flows

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls as the heart pumps out blood, and high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body. Factors that can increase this force include higher blood volume due to extra fluid in the blood and blood vessels that are narrow, stiff, or clogged(1). High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to work properly. When the force of blood flow is high, blood vessels stretch so blood flows more easily. Eventually, this stretching scars and weakens blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidneys.

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