scholarly journals Cobalt and nickel concentration in the water, bottom deposits and ichthyofauna of Yavoriv water storage basin

Author(s):  
G. M. Dobryanska ◽  
D. O. Yanovych ◽  
T. M. Shvets ◽  
A. A. Butsyak

Arrangement of fishponds and recreation water basins are among most actual directions of technogenic environment recultivation. However, mentioned approach demands constant monitoring of different pollutants content in abiotic and biotic components of created hydroecosystem. This paper presents results of investigations of cobalt and nickel concentration in the water, bottom deposits and ichthyofauna of Yavoriv water storage basin – water reservoir, which was formed in the place of sulfur career. Mentioned elements are characterized by wide spectrum of action in fish body, which, depending on their concentration, can be either physiologic or toxic. During the experiment was revealed, that cobalt concentration in the water of Yavoriv water storage basin was within the normal range, while nickel concentration exceed MPL from 1.26 to 7.65 times depending on sampling place. Concentration of abovementioned elements in the bottom deposits of water basin in different fields of it varied greatly, wherein well–defined correlation between cobalt and nickel level in the water and bottom deposits wasn’t observed. The researches testified also the existence of tissue, organic and species peculiarities of cobalt and nickel accumulation in the body of rudd and perch. In particular, the biggest content of researched elements was observed in the gills of the fishes. Herewith, cobalt concentration in rudd gills exceeds MPL in 3.25 times, in perch gills – in 4.75 times. Nickel concentration in the muscles, gills and skin of rudd exceeds existing normative values in 1.16, 2.25 and 2.32 times respectively; in the muscles, gills and skin of perch – in 1.08, 6.84 and 3.1 times respectively. 

Author(s):  
G. M. Dobryanska ◽  
D. O. Yanovych ◽  
T. M. Shvets ◽  
A. A. Butsyak

The paper presents results of investigations of zinc and manganese concentration in the water, bottom deposits and ichthyofauna of Yavoriv water reservoir, which was formed in 2002 in frames of project of Yavoriv sulfur quarry revitalization. Mentioned elements are characterized by wide spectrum of action in fish body, which, depending on their concentration, can be either physiologic or toxic. It was revealed, that concentration of Zn and Mn in the water of Yavoriv water reservoir varied considerably depending on place of samples taking. The lowest Zn concentration in the water was below 1 MPL (maximum permitted level), namely 0.6 µg/l, and the highest – more than 7 MPL (70.5 µg/l). Similar differences were observed concerning Mn concentration in the water – the range of determined values varied from 3.3 (0.3 MPL) to 48.6 µg/l. The same peculiarities of Zn and Mn distribution were estimated in regard to their content in bottom deposits. In particular, difference of Zn concentration in samples of bottom deposits was near 23 times – from 5.4 to 230.0 mg/kg depending on the point of samples taking. Mn content in bottom deposits varies from 61.5 to 1500 mg/kg. Zn and Mn concentration in skeletal muscles, gills and skin of perch and rudd didn’t exceed MPL regardless their content in the water and bottom deposits. In most of cases, gills accumulated these elements more than other investigated tissues.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Sondang Siahaan ◽  
Rina Fauziah

Mosquitoes have a very important meaning in the health sector because of their role as vectors of various diseases. Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include dengue fever, malaria and filariasis. These three diseases are transmitted from one person to another through vector intermediaries. Vector is a creature that acts as an intermediary for transmitting   diseases. Tebing Tinggi Village is a densely populated area. The density of the population as well as the constraints of clean water make a lot of water reservoirs to store daily water needs. This can potentially be a breeding ground for mosquito larvae. This study was conducted to determine the density of mosquito larvae, to find out the percentage of house index and container index. This study used a visual method, with a cross sectional approach. Based on the results of research from 18 houses (19.78%) that were larvae positive from 91 houses examined and found 22 containers (5.78%) positive larvae from 380 containers examined. 331 containers of larvae were found in the reservoir of deep water as much as 18 containers (5.43%) and as many as 49 containers of  larvae were found in the external water reservoir (12.24%). The density of mosquito larvae in Tebing Tinggi area is categorized as being with density figures 3 and 4. The amount on the surface of the presence of mosquito larvae in water reservoirs in the house should  the community pay more attention to the cleanliness of water reservoirs and to close water storage so that they are not breeding grounds.


2021 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Oleg G. Maksimov ◽  
Olga Yu. Zaripova

This paper touches upon the problems of development and illumination of small Russian towns located on the banks of rivers and water storage basins (as exemplified by master’s theses). These problems lie on the plane of preservation and effective use of architectural, historical, and cultural heritage of towns, their unusual aura and colour. In the experimental project of town development based on the town of Yurievets situated on the bank of Volga water storage basin, the authors propose an architectural-spatial functional concept of filling up the town territory with the ideas on original colour and light design in the evening and at night.


1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Nakos

It has been demonstrated that one way of producing thin thermoclines (temperature gradients) in a chilled water storage tank is by introducing the water horizontally in the form of a gravity current. A gravity current is a fluid intrusion into a body of stagnant fluid at a different density. The incoming fluid is introduced at the bottom of the body of fluid if it is more dense; it is introduced at the top if it is less dense. In the application considered here, chilled water is to be stored in an efficient manner under the original body of warmer water. Vertical profiles of velocity and temperature in transient, two-dimensional, laminar, thermally driven, constant inflow gravity currents are studied. This provides a basis for understanding the initial stages of the formation of a thermocline in a chilled water storage tank. Two laminar flow formulations were developed to predict velocity and temperature profiles in the inertia-buoyancy regime. One formulation uses a strictly numerical approach, while the other uses a singular perturbation method to analyze the flow. Experimental temperature profiles are compared with the results from both formulations, and show good agreement.


2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Zouhair Ghazzal

Despite the importance of law in societal formations, and what looks like a revival in the field of legal studies, Islamic law is still by and large accessible to only a small group of specialists, and thus cannot claim a large audience even within Islamic and Middle (Near) Eastern studies, not to mention the much broader European and American legal scholarship. There are various reasons for such isolation, which are too complex to enumerate in a summary fashion, but which mostly involve the way the scholarship has evolved in the last few decades in Islamic societies, Europe, and North America, and which reflects the nature of Islamic law. First, unlike Roman law and all the continental codes that followed, and unlike the English and American common-law systems, what is commonly referred to as ‘Islamic law’ does not stand out as an organized set of codes, statutes, or even precedents. Instead, the body of Islamic law, which stretches over many centuries, has spawned several schools known as the madha̱hib, so that a modern scholar who needs to look at the legal framework of, say, an institution of the early ‘Abba̱sid period would have to dig hard into the labyrinth of the fiqh manuals only to realize that layers of interpretations follow each opinion, making it unrealistic to limit the ‘law’ to a set of codified norms. Second, modern scholars tend to look skeptically at the large corpus of Islamic law precisely because of its prescriptive nature and its uncertain historical evolution. We have consequently made little progress in assessing the nature of judicial decisionmaking and how the normative values prescribed by jurists affect it. Third, throughout the twentieth century, the majority of Islamic and Middle Eastern societies have adopted a new set of codes, a process that began in the second half of the previous century with Ottoman reforms, and which for the most part were derived from European civil-code systems. Since the implications of this rupture with the past have attracted little attention from scholars, the relevance of the classical legal systems is the biggest issue of concern here: will the transplanted systems utterly eclipse the various Islamic legal schools, or will there be a revival of the legal schools so as to make up for the inadequacies that result from the civil systems? Indeed, a lot needs to be done before more comprehensively elaborated codes are drafted, in particular in such domains as property, contract, and tort, which, under present conditions, seem like a hybrid mixture of Ottoman feudal practices and modern but poorly implemented Western notions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4108-4113

Cloud computing is emerging as the new dimension for computer networks and for the world as a whole. It is touching every aspect of our life. It is changing the way we live. Cloud based water storage quality checking structure is an approach by which we can perceive quality of water supply by using a couple of sensors like Ph sensor, Turbidity Sensor, Oxygen level sensor, Temperature Sensor, Salinity Sensor and using WIFI Module. Using a PAN or WAN sensor system we can get collected message on email and received content can be identified ,analyzed for easy reference and after analysis they are sent to the database of the cloud with the goal that the expert and user mutually can be easily able to know the quality of reserved water.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070
Author(s):  
Kadri Ramadhan ◽  
Masimin Masimin ◽  
Syamsidik Syamsidik

Abstract: One of the rivers that has potency to be developed for the purpose of fulfilling the need of water in North Aceh Regency is Krueng Keureuto River. From its potential characteristic, the appropriate conservation effort is by constructing a water reservoir. The construction of Keureuto Reservoir is located in Krueng Keureuto’s stream in Paya Bakong Sub-district. The purpose of this research is to determine inflow debit of Keureuto Reservoir based on the probability of debit by dividing it into three operation year, to determine the debit of water need of Keureuto Reservoir for the need of raw water, and to determine optimization to optimize the Elevation of water surface in Keureuto Reservoir in wet year, normal year, and dry year. The method of reservoir operation was analyzed by using optimization technique by using program solver (Microsoft Excel). The first step is done by dividing the inflow debit data into three kinds of operation year, that is, dry, normal, and wet year. Next, the need of water in Keureuto Reservoir was analyzed based on the need of water. Storage is obtained from curve data of reservoir’s capacity while output was obtained from the data of reservoir’s need of water. Then, the arrangement and optimization in operation pattern of Keureuto Reservoir was done. The water of Keureuto Reservoir is used to fulfil three necessities, that is, to fulfill the preservation of the river stream as much as 1,11m3/s, to fulfil the people’s water necessity as much as 0,50 m3/s and to fulfil the need of water for irrigation as much as 0,82 m3/s. The result of optimization of fulfilling the need of raw water from Keureuto Reservoir shows that the maximum elevation in dry year is 98,75m and the minimum elevation is 80 m. In normal year, the maximum elevation is 100 m and the minimum is 81 m, while in wet year, the maximum elevation is 100,60 m and the minimum is 83 m. Abstrak: Salah satu sungai yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan air di wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Utara adalah Sungai Krueng Keureuto, Dari potensi air tersebut maka upaya konservasi yang tepat adalah dengan membangunan sebuah waduk. Pembangunan Waduk Keureuto ini berada pada aliran Sungai Krueng Keureuto Kecamatan Paya Bakong.  Maksud dari kajian ini adalah Menentukan debit inflow Waduk Keureutoe berdasarkan probabilitas debit dengan pembagian tiga jenis tahun operasi, Menentukan debit kebutuhan air Waduk Keureuto untuk kebutuhan air baku, dan Melakukan optimasi untuk mengoptimalkan Elevasi Muka Air Waduk Keureuto pada Tahun Basah, Tahun Normal dan Tahun Kering. Metode pengoperasian waduk dianalisis menggunakan teknik optimasi dengan program solver (Microsoft Excel). Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah data debit inflow waduk dibagi menjadi tiga jenis tahun operasi yaitu tahun kering, normal, dan tahun basah. Selanjutnya dianalisis kebutuhan air waduk Keureuto berdasarkan data kebutuhan air. Storage diperoleh dari data lengkung kapasitas waduk, sedangkan output diperoleh dari data kebutuhan air waduk. Setelah itu penyusunan dan optimasi pada pola operasi Waduk Keureuto. Air waduk Keureuto digunakan untuk memenuhi tiga kebutuhan yaitu pemenuhan kebutuhan aliran pemeliharaan sungai sebesar 1,11 m3/s, pemenuhan kebutuhan air penduduk sebesar 0,50 m3/s serta pemenuhan kebutuhan air untuk irigasi sebesar 0,82 m3/s. Hasil optimasi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air baku dari Waduk Keureuto menunjukkan bahwa Elevasi Maksimum pada tahun kering berada pada Elevasi 98,75 m, dan Elevasi Minimum berada pada Elevasi 80 m, untuk tahun normal Elevasi Maksimum berada pada Elevasi 100 m dan Elevasi Minimum berada pada Elevasi 81 m, sedangkan Elevasi Maksimum tahun basah berada pada Elevasi 100,60 m dan Elevasi Minimum berada pada Elevasi 83 m.


Author(s):  
J. A. Eisma ◽  
V. Merwade

Abstract A small-scale water harvesting structure known as a sand dam has gained popularity across East Africa due to the efforts of non-governmental organizations. A sand dam is a subsurface water reservoir that stores water between sand grains. Stored thus, the water is filtered and protected from evaporation. This study uses remotely sensed data to investigate the impact of these structures on water storage and vegetative growth. The relationship between sand dams and water storage was modeled using a binary sand dam factor, climate data from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS), and water storage data measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellites. The analysis revealed that GRACE largely fails to detect a statistically significant impact of sand dams on regional water storage. However, analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) indicated that sand dams have a significant impact on regional vegetation. Vegetative growth is correlated with groundwater levels, indicating that sand dams have a positive impact on water storage albeit on a smaller scale than GRACE can regularly detect. Significantly, this study shows that NDVI data can be used effectively to study small-scale, regional changes in vegetation and water storage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Nasri ◽  
Saeed Heydarnejad ◽  
Amin Nematollahi

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the sublethal Co toxicity on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to Co and selected parameters were evaluated at intervals of 1, 15 and 30 days. Fish exposed to higher levels of Co grew slower than fish exposed to lower levels of Co. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) decreased linearly with the increase of cobalt in the water. The body condition factor (CF) of fish reared in water with low cobalt concentration decreased substantially but this decrease was not significant for fish exposed to higher cobalt concentration. The values of the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased in fish exposed to higher levels of Co. Co significantly changed the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreased at day 30, and in both cases this decrease was more remarkable at day 15 so that the level of AST and ALT reached the control value at day 30. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level also showed a remarkable 15-day decline. There was a significant increase in glucose (G) concentration in both Co-exposed groups on day 15. However, serum cholesterol (Chl) was significantly reduced on day 15 and increased on day 30; there were no significant differences in both exposed Co-groups. The triglyceride (TG) level also decreased substantially. There was no regular pattern of total protein (TP) in the serum, so that no significant differences were found in the level of TP between low and high-exposed fish. In summary, this study suggests that exposure of essential trace elements such as cobalt may change growth and biochemical parameters, and that measurement of these parameters may be used in toxicological studies to determine the general health status of fish.


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