scholarly journals Invasive leafminer moths (Gracillariidae stainton, 1854) in fauna of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
V. S. Rusinov ◽  
O. V. Seliutina
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Adventitious Species ◽  
National University

History of Lepidoptera adventitious species invasion on territory of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Gonchar Dnipro national university dates back over 15 years. During this period, four invader species belonging to leaf blotch miner moth family (Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854) were found: horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimić, 1986), lime leaf miner (Phyllonorycter issikiimama, 1963), black locust leaf miners (Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863 and Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens, 1859). Spectrum of trophic relationships of leaf-mining lepidoptera invasive complex on territory of the Botanical Garden was established, invading species of the family Gracillariidae were found on horse chestnut leaves (Aesculus hippocastanum L., 1753), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L., 1753), and linden european (Tilia ×europaea L., 1753). Assessment of leaf damage status was provided. The largest damages were registered on horse chestnut, up to 80% trees of which were completely defoliated by the end of summer period, which eventually leads to drying out and subsequent death of the trees. Of particular concern is outbreak of black locust leafminer moths complex. For the first time their mines were registered in 2007. Since then, it can be stated that all Robinia trees growing in the botanical garden were settled with the miners. Statistical processing data obtained during the morphological studies of mines of both species indicate a their great ecological plasticity. The most recent invasion of adventitious species Gracillariidae can be considered the emergence of Phyllonorycter issikii. The first registrations were carried out in 2015; since then the species is recorded annually on Tilia cordata. For all the time of observation, this species did not show a tendency to increase in numbers, and it has not been registered on other Tilia species.

scholarly journals Species richness and abundance of native leaf miners are affected by the presence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Péré ◽  
Sylvie Augustin ◽  
Rumen Tomov ◽  
Long-hui Peng ◽  
Ted C. J. Turlings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Chestnut Leaf

scholarly journals The influence of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system of protection of the assimilating organs of Aesculus hippocastanum in an urbogenic environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Shupranova ◽  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
O. V. Seliutina ◽  
O. Y. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Chestnut Leaf

In the last two decades, the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), introduced into the steppe zone of Ukraine, has been severely affected by the horse chestnut leaf miner Camereraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986, which results in damage to the assimilating organs, premature leaf defoliation and, as a consequence, a significant reduction in the reserve substances required for normal life of the plant. In recent studies, the main focus has been placed on the study of the pest’s effects on the non-enzymatic antioxidant protection system of the representatives of the genus Aesculus, while the enzymatic system of horse chestnut protection from the active forms of oxygen under stress is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reaction of catalase and two peroxidases of A. hippocastanum leaves, which differ in the level of damage by C. ohridella. The intensity of damage to A. hippocastanum leaves by the horse chestnut leaf miner in the park zones and botanical gardens of Dnipro city was determined, the activity and isoenzyme composition of benzidine-peroxidase, activity of guaiacol-peroxidase and catalase were measured. The lowest average benzidine-peroxidase activity was found in the group of trees with low level of leaf blight and the highest activity – in the group with high level. The opposite dependence was shown by catalase, the activity of which significantly decreases with increasing level of damage inflicted by the phytophage on the chestnut’s assimilating organs. Based on the determination of the variation coefficients, it has been shown that benzidine-peroxidase activity has a higher level of variability than that of catalase and guaiacol-peroxidase. It is established that under the influence of the leaf miner, activity of guaiacol-peroxidase was significantly higher by 87.1% and 75.6%, respectively, for medium and high levels of damage caused to the leaf by this phytophage as compared to that for low levels of damage. The increased level of leaf damage caused by the phytophage is reflected in the change in the isozyme profile of benzidine-peroxidase. The high activity of benzidine-peroxidase in the leaves of A. hippocastanum is due to the presence of several molecular forms that exhibit maximum activity in the narrow pH range (4.15–4.69). Quantitative redistribution of activity between the different molecular forms of benzidine peroxidase can be considered as the main regularity of changes in the expression of benzidine-peroxidase caused by different levels of leaf damage. The results showed that only one benzidine-peroxidase isoform with an isoelectric point of 4.15 shows a significant increase in activity (on average by 2.1 times) in A. hippocastanum leaves with medium and high levels of damage by C. ohridella. Significant reduction in activity is reported for dominant isoperoxidase with an isoelectric point of 4.25 revealing medium pest damage, and for high damage only a decreasing tendency is shown. The data obtained show that horse chestnut trees can specifically respond to mechanical damage by C. ohridella to leaves due to the changes in the activity of individual molecular forms of peroxidase. Further studies of oxidative metabolism are needed to understand the formation of resistance of representatives of the Aesculus genus to damage caused by this moth species based on a wider range of redox enzymes.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes and the Interaction Between the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella and the Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch Guignardia aesculi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kopačka ◽  
Gösta Nachman ◽  
Rostislav Zemek
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chestnut Leaf ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an invasive pest of horse chestnut and has spread through Europe since 1985. The horse chestnut leaf blotch Guignardia aesculi (Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae) is a fungal disease that also seriously damages horse chestnut trees in Europe. The interaction between the leaf miner and the fungus has not yet been sufficiently described. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess leaf damage inflicted to horse chestnut by both C. ohridella and G. aesculi during the vegetation season and to model their interaction. The damage to leaf area was measured monthly from May to September 2013 in České Budějovice, the Czech Republic. A simple phenomenological model describing the expected dynamics of the two species was developed. The study revealed a significant effect of sampling site and sampling period on the damage caused by both the pest and the fungus. The mathematical model indicates that infestation by C. ohridella is more affected by G. aesculi than vice versa. The possible mechanisms affecting the relationship between G. aesculi and C. ohridella are discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes and the Interaction between the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella and Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch Disease Caused by Guignardia aesculi

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Michal Kopačka ◽  
Gösta Nachman ◽  
Rostislav Zemek
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chestnut Leaf ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The City

The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an invasive pest of horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) and has spread through Europe since 1985. Horse chestnut leaf blotch is a fungal disease caused by Guignardia aesculi (Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae) that also seriously damages horse chestnut trees in Europe. The interaction between the leaf miner and the fungus has not yet been sufficiently described. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess leaf damage inflicted to horse chestnut by both C. ohridella and G. aesculi during the vegetation season and to model their interaction. The damage to leaf area was measured monthly from May to September 2013 in České Budějovice, the Czech Republic using digital image analysis of sampled leaves. A simple phenomenological model describing the expected dynamics of the two species was developed. The study revealed that the damage caused by both the pests and the fungus varied significantly among sampling sites within the city. The overall leaf damage exceeded 50% in no-raking sites in August. The mathematical model indicates that infestation by C. ohridella is more affected by G. aesculi than vice versa. Guignardia aesculi is thus the superior competitor of the two species. Our findings highlight the delicate interplay between insect pests and fungal pathogens and the spatiotemporal dynamics influencing them, calling for more research in this understudied area.

Separation of the Species of Arborvitae Leaf Miners in New Brunswick (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae and Gelechiidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
A New Species

In 1950 work was started in New Brunswick to obtain information on the biology, control, and damage caused by the arborvitae leaf miners. At that time all damage was attributed to the arborvitae leaf miner, Argyresthia thiella (Pack.). After the first season's work four species were recognized. Adults submitted to the Systematic Unit, Entomology Division, Ottawa, were identified as Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.), A. freyella Wlshm., Recurvaria thujaella Kft., and a new species of Argyresthia later described by Brower (1) as aureoargentella. With the exception of A. thuiella, insufficient material was available for complete morphological studies, so work was based on finding suitable characters to separate the species in the late larval, pupal, and adult stages.

scholarly journals Towards understanding Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) development: effects of microhabitat variability in naturally growing horse-chestnut tree canopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łaszczyca ◽  
Mirosław Nakonieczny ◽  
Andrzej Kędziorski ◽  
Agnieszka Babczyńska ◽  
Marta Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Leaf Miners

AbstractDwelling intensity of horse-chestnut miner (Cameraria ohridella) larvae in various leaves insolation and temperature was measured to determine whether this pest’s development follows a predictable pattern or depends more on local microenvironment conditions. Mines growing on leaves of mature host plants (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in their natural conditions were photographed for two consecutive generations of the pest and in two separated vegetation periods. Apart from meteorological data obtained from the nearest station, the temperature of intact and mined parts of sun-exposed and shaded leaf blades was measured at various daytimes throughout the experiment. Obtained sets of digital data were analysed and combined to model mine area growth as a function of degree-days sum by adopting of Verhulst logistic equation. We showed the predictive potential of our model based on experimental data, and it may be useful in the scheduling of pest control measures in natural conditions. Our analyses also revealed that despite significant differences in microenvironment conditions depending on mines’ insolation, the horse-chestnut miner larvae could partially compensate for them and complete their development at similar endpoints expressed as the cumulative sum of degree-days. We conclude that computer-aided analysis of photographic documentation of leaf-miner larval growth followed by mathematical modelling offers a noninvasive, reliable, and inexpensive alternative for monitoring local leaf-miners populations.

Application of DNA Barcoding in Taxonomy and Phylogeny: An Individual Case of COI Partial Gene Sequencing from Seven Animal Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
M. Drohvalenko ◽  
A. Mykhailenko ◽  
M. Rekrotchuk ◽  
L. Shpak ◽  
V. Shuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Far East ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Rock Lizard ◽  
Sand Lizard ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

Abstract A part of the COI mitochondrial barcoding gene was sequenced from seven species of different taxonomical groups: Ambystoma mexicanum (Amphibia, Ambystomatidae), Darevskia lindholmi, Lacerta agilis exigua (Reptilia, Lacertidae), Erinaceus roumanicus (Mammalia, Erinaceidae), Macrobiotus sp. 1 and 2 (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) and Cameraria ohridella (Insecta, Gracillariidae). The sequences were compared with available sequences from databases and positioned on phylogenetic trees when the taxa had not yet been sequenced. The presence of Mexican axolotls in herpetoculture in Ukraine was confirmed. The partial COI genes of the Crimean rock lizard and an eastern sub-species of the sand lizard were sequenced. We demonstrated the presence of two tardigrade mitochondrial lineages of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group in the same sample from the Zeya Natural Reserve in the Far East: one was nearly identical to the Italian M. macrocalix, and the other one is similar to M. persimilis and M. vladimiri. We also confirmed the presence of the invasive haplotype “A” of the horse chestnut leaf miner in Ukraine, in line with the hypothesized route of invasion from Central Europe.

scholarly journals Two methods of assessing the mortality factors affecting the larvae and pupae of Cameraria ohridella in the leaves of Aesculus hippocastanum in Switzerland and Bulgaria

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Girardoz ◽  
R. Tomov ◽  
R. Eschen ◽  
D.L.J. Quicke ◽  
M. Kenis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Factors Affecting

AbstractThe horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, is an invasive alien species defoliating horse-chestnut, a popular ornamental tree in Europe. This paper presents quantitative data on mortality factors affecting larvae and pupae of the leaf miner in Switzerland and Bulgaria, both in urban and forest environments. Two sampling methods were used and compared: a cohort method, consisting of the surveying of pre-selected mines throughout their development, and a grab sampling method, consisting of single sets of leaves collected and dissected at regular intervals. The total mortality per generation varied between 14 and 99%. Mortality was caused by a variety of factors, including parasitism, host feeding, predation by birds and arthropods, plant defence reaction, leaf senescence, intra-specific competition and inter-specific competition with a fungal disease. Significant interactions were found between mortality factors and sampling methods, countries, environments and generation. No mortality factor was dominant throughout the sites, generations and methods tested. Plant defence reactions constituted the main mortality factor for the first two larval stages, whereas predation by birds and arthropods and parasitism were more important in older larvae and pupae. Mortality caused by leaf senescence was often the dominant mortality factor in the last annual generation. The cohort method detected higher mortality rates than the grab sampling method. In particular, mortality by plant defence reaction and leaf senescence were better assessed using the cohort method, which is, therefore, recommended for life table studies on leaf miners.

scholarly journals Effect of the outbreak of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić) on tree-ring width in common horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Grzegorz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Chestnut Leaf

Abstract Common horse-chestnut is frequently infested by the insect pest horse-chestnut leaf miner [HCLM; Cameraria ohridella (Deschka & Dimić, 1986), Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera]. The larvae, feeding on leaf parenchyma, cause browning and dehydration of leaves, which may be shed as early as in summer. The major aims of this study were: (1) to assess the effect of infestation by HCLM on ring-width dynamics in common horse-chestnut; (2) to determine the date of invasion of the pest; and (3) to compare the growth-climate response in the period before and after the invasion of HCLM. In 2017 in north-western Poland, samples from 30 horse-chestnut trees for the dendrochronological analysis were taken with help of a Pressler increment borer. The ring-width chronology was developed using standard dendrochronological methods. Dendroclimatological analyses were made in 2 periods: before the determined date of HCLM invasion (till the year 1999) and after the invasion (in 20002016). In 2000, in spite of favourable weather conditions, a reduced growth rate was observed in 91% of the analysed trees. The period of strong reductions lasted till 2010. Before the invasion, radial growth rate was dependent on temperature and precipitation in May and June of the current year, whereas after the invasion, the growth-climate response was dependent on temperature and precipitation in the preceding year and the correlation was stronger. Surprisingly, in recent years (2011–2016), in spite of infestation by HCLM every year, the health condition of the analysed trees has improved and tree-ring width has increased.

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