scholarly journals Influence of agricultural systems and basic tillage on soil microorganisms number under winter wheat crops of the Right-bank Forest-Dteppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Karpenko ◽  
V.M. Rozhko ◽  
A.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Right

The results of studying the influence of different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage on the number of microorganisms and its phytotoxicity in the field of winter wheat are presented. It is proved that different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage do not equally affect the microbiological activity of the rhizosphere of winter wheat in the number and species composition of microorganisms. As a result, the variants created different conditions for the course of biochemical processes in the soil and the formation of crop yields. Moldboard-boardless tillage and the ecological system of agriculture proved to be more promising.

scholarly journals Entomofauna of winter wheat in the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
V. Medvid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Eurygaster Integriceps ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

Entomofauna of winter wheat in the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine The entomofauna of winter wheat in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during the spring-summer vegetation of 2017–2019, which consisted of 46 species from 8 orders of insects, was studied. 32 species from 17 families were identified among the phytophages winter wheat. The greatest diversity of the Coleoptera was shown. The species composition of the entomocomplex of each year is analyzed, the frequency of occurrence of species is determined. It was found that during three years of research in the agrocenosis of wheat most often there were only three species: Haplothrips tritici Kurd., Sitobion avenae F. and Eurygaster integriceps Put. Keywords: entomofauna, species composition, winter wheat, phytophages, entomophages.

scholarly journals Effect of Bean Cultivars on Soil Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Petrović ◽  
Simonida Đurić ◽  
Mirjana Vasić ◽  
Vesna Tunguz ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Village ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological activity in soil under beans in organic and conventional production. Organic production was conducted on the field in the village Pivnice (Serbia), while conventional production was conducted in the village Curug (Serbia) during 2014 on the chernosem type soil. Cultivars of beans Belko, Dvadesetica, Maksa, Slavonac, Sremac, Zlatko were used. Before sowing, the bean seeds were inoculated by biofertilizers NS-Nitragin. NS-Nitragin contains a mixture of selected strains of symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. The total number of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter, bacteria and fungi were determined. At the end of vegetation period in conventional production the highest number of actinomycetes (5.83) and fungi (4.87) was recorded in cultivar Dvadesetica. In organic production the highest number of ammonifires was in cultivar Sremac (9.91). The highest number of bacteria was in cultivar Dvadesetica (9.08) and the highest number of fungi was in cultivar Zlatko (5.14). The results have shown that number of microorganisms was higher in organic production.

scholarly journals Біологічна активність ґрунту у посівах пшениці озимої залежно від попередників у Лісостепу Лівобережному

2013 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
О. Є. Корецький
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Grain Crops

Вивчена залежність біологічної активності ґрун-ту у посівах пшениці озимої від попередників танабору культур у короткоротаційних сівозмінах.Виявлено позитивний вплив бобових попередників –еспарцету, гороху та сої на біологічну активністьґрунтових мікроорганізмів у посівах пшениці ози-мої в сівозмінах із часткою зернових культур 50;66,7; 100 %. У процесі досліджень було встановле-но, що розміщення пшениці озимої після пшениціозимої та пару чорного обумовлювало зниженняінтенсивності біохімічних процесів у поверхневихшарах ґрунту на 17–35 % порівняно з бобовимипопередниками. Dependence of biological activity of soil under crops of winter wheat from predecessors and a set ofcultures in short-term crop rotations is investigated. Positive influence of of leguminous predecessors ofesparcet, peas and a soya on biological activity of soil microorganisms at crops of winter wheat in croprotations from a part of grain crops 50; 66,7; 100 % is revealed. During researches it has been established,that accommodation of winter wheat after predecessors of winter wheat and pair black conducted todecrease in intensity of biochemical processes in a superficial layer of soil on 17–35 % compared withleguminous predecessors.

scholarly journals Видовий склад шкідливої ентомофауни агробіоценозу пшениці озимої в Правобережному Лісостепу України

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
О. О. Стригун ◽  
Ю. М. Судденко
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Right

Уточнено видовий склад комах-фітофагів агробіоценозу пшениці озимої в Правобережному Лісостепу України. За результатами моніторингу ентомокомплексу пшениці виявлено 55 видів шкідливих комах з 19 родин, які в тій чи іншій мірі можуть пошкоджувати цю культуру. Ряд жуки, або твердокрилі (Cоleoptera), характеризувався найбільшим видовим різноманіттям. За результатами проведених досліджень з’ясовано, що основними і найбільш небезпечними фітофагами, які завдають значної шкоди в Правобережному Лісостепу є комплекс комах-шкідників колосся: злакові попелиці, хлібні клопи, хлібні жуки, пшеничний трипс, хлібний турун. We clarified the species composition of insects-phytophagous of winter wheat agrobiocenosis in the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of monitoring of wheat entomocomplex we found 55 species of harmful insects from 19 families that in one way or another can damage the crop. The order Coleoptera was characterized by the highest species diversity. The results of the study found that the main and most dangerous pests that cause significant damage in the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe is a complex of pests ears: aphids, wheat bugs, wheat chafers, thrips, cereal ground beetle.

scholarly journals Soil pH, Soil Organic Matter, and Crop Yields in Winter Wheat-Summer Fallow Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Prakriti Bista
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fallow Systems ◽  
Summer Fallow

scholarly journals Number of Microorganisms in the Soil Cultivated with Legume-Grass Mixtures Supplied with Phytohormones and Nitrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Jacek SOSNOWSKI ◽  
Kazimierz JANKOWSKI ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
Beata WIŚNIEWSKA-KADŻAJAN ◽  
Elżbieta MALINOWSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Different Doses

The study concerned the number of microorganisms colonizing the humus layer and under plough soil from the cultivation of perennial ryegrass mixtures with red clover, which were fed by biostimulant based on the phytohormones  and different doses of nitrogen. Nitrogen was applied at four levels-control (no nitrogen), 50, 100 and 150 kg N∙ha-1, biostimulant in two combinations - with and without preparation. Soil material to assess the size of individual groups of microorganisms was collected from each experimental plot in autumn 2010 from the humus (0-20 cm) and under plough layers (20-40 cm). The analysis of soil samples for a total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology IUNG-PIB in Pulawy. Results of studies have shown that more colonies of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were colonized the humus horizon. Biostimulant application in this cultivation led to a decrease of the total number of colonies of the all soil microorganisms groups but improved the ratio of bacteria to fungi. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen by the limiting of the bacteria number and intensive development of soil fungi, helped to narrow the B/F ratio.

Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, pH, and Crop Yields in Winter Wheat-Spring Pea Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Awale ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Karl Rhinhart
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Crop Yields

scholarly journals Influence of direct seeding on the yield of agricultural cultures in the Rostov Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Gregory Vasilyevich Mokrikov ◽  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Minnikova ◽  
Kamil Shagidullovich Kazeev ◽  
Sergey Ilyich Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sowing

Tillage technologies that promote resource conservation and increase crop yields, especially in conditions of dry climate, are increasingly being introduced into the Russian agriculture. However, taking into account a diversity of soil and climatic conditions in Russia, it is necessary to study the agro-ecological state of agro landscapes. In Russia, in recent years, an increase in the yield of winter wheat and sunflower has been observed. From 2014 to 2018 in production conditions in the Rostov Region, the effect of direct sowing technology (No-Till) on the yield of winter wheat and sunflower was studied. The yield of sunflower and winter wheat largely depended on the amount of precipitation during the critical growing season of each agricultural crop. In 2014-2017 the yield of winter wheat in agrocenoses using direct sowing technology increased by 26-114%, sunflower by 27-92% compared with the traditional technology. The authors show that direct seeding compared to traditional technology of dump plowing (traditional tillage) contributes to saving motor fuel, increasing crop yields and lowering the cost of the main crops of the Rostov Region: winter wheat and sunflower.

scholarly journals Use of polimerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Ewa Solarska ◽  
Magdalena Grudzińska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Chain Reaction

<i>Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides</i> was detected by PCR in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems in 2000 and 2001. In all tested systems only pathotype R of pathogen was detected. Detection of fungus depended on production system and weather conditions. Pathogen was not detected in both tested cultivars only in ecological system but only in season with less favourable conditions for disease development

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