scholarly journals Синергетическое действие пиретроидного инсектицида и энтомопатогенного гриба на Daphnia magna Straus

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Noskov ◽  
E. A. Chertkova ◽  
O. V. Polenogova ◽  
O. N. Yaroslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Detoxification System ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Lethal Doses

<p>The interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium robertsii</em> and the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on <em>Daphnia magna</em> Straus was investigated. A synergy in the mortality of daphnids was detected after simultaneous treatment with sub-lethal doses of the fungus (1×10<sup>5</sup> conidia/ml) and esfenvalerate (0.1 mkg/l). The defense strategies of daphnids infected by fungus and treated with esfenvalerate and untreated insects were compared to investigate the mechanisms of this synergy. Activity of enzymes of the detoxification system and concentration of dopamine were measured. We have shown changes in the activities of the enzymes and dopamine concentration of daphnids under combined treatment of esfenvalerate and fungus. Fungus enhanced activity of glutathione-S-transferase and non-specific esterase but did not affect the dopamine level. Esfenvalerate inhibited the activity of enzymes in the detoxification system and cause a rise in dopamine level. We assume that the suppression of the detoxification system may be one of the reasons of synergy between <em>M. robertsii</em> and esfenvalerate.</p>

scholarly journals Combined effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii and avermectins on the survival and immune response of Aedes aegypti larvae

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Noskov ◽  
Olga V. Polenogova ◽  
Olga N. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Olga E. Belevich ◽  
Yuriy A. Yurchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Mosquito Mortality

Combination of insect pathogenic fungi and microbial metabolites is a prospective method for mosquito control. The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii J.F. Bischoff, S.A. Rehner & Humber and avermectins on the survival and physiological parameters of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) larvae (dopamine concentration, glutathione S-transferase (GST), nonspecific esterases (EST), acid proteases, lysozyme-like, phenoloxidase (PO) activities) was studied. It is shown that the combination of these agents leads to a synergistic effect on mosquito mortality. Colonization of Ae. aegypti larvae by hyphal bodies following water inoculation with conidia is shown for the first time. The larvae affected by fungi are characterized by a decrease in PO and dopamine levels. In the initial stages of toxicosis and/or fungal infection (12 h posttreatment), increases in the activity of insect detoxifying enzymes (GST and EST) and acid proteases are observed after monotreatments, and these increases are suppressed after combined treatment with the fungus and avermectins. Lysozyme-like activity is also most strongly suppressed under combined treatment with the fungus and avermectins in the early stages posttreatment (12 h). Forty-eight hours posttreatment, we observe increases in GST, EST, acid proteases, and lysozyme-like activities under the influence of the fungus and/or avermectins. The larvae affected by avermectins accumulate lower levels of conidia than avermectin-free larvae. On the other hand, a burst of bacterial CFUs is observed under treatment with both the fungus and avermectins. We suggest that disturbance of the responses of the immune and detoxifying systems under the combined treatment and the development of opportunistic bacteria may be among the causes of the synergistic effect.

Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Combined Treatment Attenuates Colitis in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Seong-Young Cho ◽  
Dong-Hee Choi ◽  
Min-Woo Cheon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups

This study aimed to verify the efficacy of a combined treatment of Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) and acupuncture (CV12, ST25, CV4) on colitis induced by dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS). Changes in immuno-mediated factors and metabolites were investigated. Colitis symptoms such as body weight loss and elevated disease activity index were alleviated by the combined treatment. Moreover, treatment with JGT and acupuncture restored the disturbed architecture of colon by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels of IFN-[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), IL-5 ([Formula: see text]), and IL-13 ([Formula: see text]) compared with the DSS group. Analysis of metabolic profiles of serum revealed that treatment groups were clearly separated from the DSS group, suggesting that JGT and acupuncture treatment altered serum metabolites. Furthermore, treatments caused opposite metabolite patterns for dimethylbenzimidazole, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, proline, phosphate, glycolic acid, aspartic acid, tryptophan, phthalic acid, ornithine, and glutamic acid compared with the DSS group. The combined treatment group induced more effective metabolite patterns than the JGT group, implying that acupuncture treatment can restore metabolic changes caused by DSS induction. These results indicate that the simultaneous treatment of JGT administration and acupuncture procedure provides better management of the immune function and inflammatory expression of colitis than a single treatment. It is assumed that intestinal microbial control can be achieved by acupuncture stimulation as well as by taking herbal medicine.

scholarly journals CBMT-35. METABOLIC REWIRING BY ONC201/TIC10 AND 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE HAS SYNERGISTIC ANTI-GLIOBLASTOMA ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi40-vi41
Author(s):  
Maximilian Pruss ◽  
Annika Dwucet ◽  
Michal Hlavac ◽  
Richard Kast ◽  
Mike-Andrew Westhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Respiratory Chain Complexes ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Energy Deprivation

Abstract BACKGROUND Metabolic dysregulation is a common feature of cancers such as primary brain malignancies. In this work we examined whether a rewiring of the metabolome by a multi-targeting approach would induce enhanced anti-neoplastic activity in glioblastoma. METHODS Preclinical testing of a combined treatment with ONC201/TIC10 and 2-Deoxyglucose was performed in established and primary cultured glioblastoma cells. Extracellular flux analysis was used to determine real-time effects on OXPHOS (OCR) and glycolysis (ECAR). Expression of respiratory chain complexes was analysed by Western blotting. Biological effects on tumor formation were tested in patient-derived model systems on the chorion allantoic membrane (CAM). Protein array analyses were performed to determine effects on phospho protein kinase expression. RESULTS Treatment with ONC201/TIC10 leads to impaired mitochondrial respiration and a dose-dependent increase of glycolysis. ONC201/TIC10 combined with 2-Deoxyglucose, induces a state of energy deprivation characterized by a significant decrease in ATP levels. On the molecular level, pAMPK α1 was significantly up-regulated while a hypo-phosphorylation signature was noted including mTOR signaling, src family kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and PDGFR-β. As a result, synergistic anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects were observed among established and primary cultured glioblastoma cells. In addition, tumor formation on the CAM was significantly impaired following the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous treatment with ONC201/TIC10 and 2-Deoxyglucose causes a reprogramming of the metabolic circuitry and results in a synergistic anti-glioblastoma activity. Since both agents were tested in clinical trials with good tolerability, and they both penetrate the blood-brain barrier, further clinical evaluation of this therapeutic strategy seems promising.

Curcumin and resveratrol in combination modulate drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as antioxidant indices during lung carcinogenesis in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
Y-M Wu ◽  
Y Yu ◽  
C-S Cao ◽  
J-H Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cytochrome B5 ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Well Differentiated

This study investigated combined chemopreventive potential of curcumin and resveratrol during benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. The mice were segregated into five groups that included normal control, BP-treated, BP + curcumin-treated, BP + resveratrol-treated, and BP + curcumin + resveratrol-treated groups. A statistically significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed in the lungs of mice after 22 weeks of single dose of benzo(a)pyrene. Further, BP treatment also resulted in a significant increase in the enzyme activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase as well as drug-metabolizing enzymes, namely cytocrome P450 and cytochrome b5. On the other hand, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) were found to be significantly decreased following BP treatment. Supplementation with curcumin and resveratrol to BP-treated mice significantly decreased the LPO levels, GSH levels, and enzyme activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Further, treatment of curcumin and resveratrol to BP-treated mice significantly elevated the activities of SOD, GR, and GST. Histoarchitectural studies showed well-differentiated signs of lung carcinogenesis following BP administration to mice. However, combined treatment with curcumin and resveratrol resulted in a noticeable improvement in the lung histoarchitecture. This study, therefore, concludes that curcumin and resveratrol when supplemented in combination regulate drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes during lung carcinogenesis in mice.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Crude Extract in Combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on Ligature-Induced Depression in Female Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Fahima Fellah ◽  
Rédha Djenidi ◽  
Imen Chebout
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Objective Immunomodulation is a therapeutic technique that modulates the balance of cytokines in the body. In this regard, our experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effect of <i>S. coronopifolius</i> crude extract in combination with low dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on depression-like behaviors in female Wistar rats.Methods Sciatic nerve injury was employed to induce depression and intradermal injection of 0.02 mL of BCG per rat was administered to lead an activation of innate immune system. Daily intra-peritoneal injections of 25 mg algae extract kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight were performed for 14 continuous days. Forced Swimming (FS) and Open Field (OF) tests were conducted to assess despairing and spontaneous behaviors. At the end of the experiment, brain was removed to determine the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), whereas spleen and adrenals were used for the histopathological study.Results The combined treatment exhibited antidepressant-like activity in FST by reducing immobility time, without inducing any significant change in ambulatory behavior in OFT. The histological analyses of spleen and adrenal structure showed a conserved architecture.Conclusion The results suggested that algae extract produce an antidepressant-like effect in combination with low dose of BCG, which is possibly trigged by its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Elevated Temperature and Exposure to Copper Leads to Changes in the Antioxidant Defense System of the Reef-Building Coral Mussismilia harttii

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Laura Fernandes de Barros Marangoni ◽  
Joseane Aparecida Marques ◽  
Adalto Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The frequency and severity of coral bleaching events have increased in recent years. Global warming and contamination are primarily responsible for triggering these responses in corals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of elevated temperature and exposure to copper (Cu) on responses of the antioxidant defense system of coral Mussismilia harttii. In a marine mesocosm, fragments of the coral were exposed to three temperatures (25.0, 26.6, and 27.3°C) and three concentrations of Cu (2.9, 5.4, and 8.6 μg/L) for up to 12 days. Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), were evaluated on the corals and symbionts. The short exposure to isolated and combined stressors caused a reduction in GSH levels and inhibition of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. After prolonged exposure, the combination of stressors continued to reduce GSH levels and SOD, CAT, and GCL activity in symbionts and GST activity in host corals. GCL activity was the parameter most affected by stressors, remaining inhibited after 12-days exposure. Interesting that long-term exposure to stressors stimulated antioxidant defense proteins in M. harttii, demonstrating a counteracting response that may beneficiate the oxidative state. These results, combined with other studies already published suggest that the antioxidant system should be further studied in order to understand the mechanisms of tolerance of South Atlantic reefs.

scholarly journals Insights into the ecotoxicological perturbations induced by the biocide abamectin in the white snail, Theba pisana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Radwan ◽  
Amira Gad
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Theba Pisana ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Abamectin (avermectin B1, ABM) has been widely used as a biocide in agriculture, veterinary and medicine worldwide. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and sub-lethal biochemical responses of ABM on the non-target land snail, Theba pisana. Mortality of snails increased with the dose increase, resulting 48h- LD50 value of 1.048 µg/snail. Sub-lethal effects were studied on the survivors of 20% and 60% LD50 ABM doses and the biochemical parameters were assessed for up to 7 days of exposure. The results showed a decrease in glycogen content and lipids for two sub-lethal doses after all time intervals, whereas increased the level of total proteins after exposure to 60% LD50 ABM. Overall, the tested sub-lethal doses significantly decreased the total energy reserves. ABM-exposure to snails elevated γ-Glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities at all-time intervals. A significant increase of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was also recorded in snails exposed to 20% and 60% LD50 after 7 days and all time intervals, respectively. However, ABM inhibited the activity of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after 7 days of exposure. Our investigation provides new insights into the disturbances of energy reserves and enzyme activities in T. pisana snails that can be used as useful sentinel organism. Indeed, these tested biochemical parameters of the snails are sensitive and may be used as biomarkers for assessing ABM toxicity.

Antitumor effects of combined bortezomib and tipifarnib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5581-5581 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Klass ◽  
Z. G. Chen ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
S. Lonial ◽  
F. R. Khuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Sequence Dependent

5581 Background: The dysregulation of the NF-κB and Ras/PI3K/AKT pathways in HNSCC supports our hypothesis that combined treatment with the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (B) and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) tipifarnib (T) leads to synergistic growth inhibition of HNSCC cells. Methods: Growth inhibitory effects of single agents (B 2.5–100 nM; T 0.625–5μM), combination (B+T) (B 12.5–17.5 nM; T 0.625–5 μM) or sequential treatment (B→T after 2h or T→B) were examined in three HNSCC lines (Tu212, 686LN and Sqcc/Y1) using a sulforrhodamine B assay after 72 h of drug exposure. Combination effect in cells treated concomitantly or sequentially was assessed using the combination index (C.I.: < 1.0, synergy; >1.0, antagonism; ≈1.0, additivity). Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Relevant protein markers were evaluated by Western blot. Cell cycle analysis after flow cytometry used FlowJo software. Statistical analysis was done using a two-sided t-test. Results: Growth inhibition by B alone is very effective in all three lines (IC50 = 9–22nM). T used alone is active only in μM range (IC50 = 0.625–5 μM). The inhibitory effects of B and T were sequence dependent. Simultaneous treatment with 12.5 nM B and 5μM T showed synergistic growth inhibition in all 3 lines [C.I., 0.281–0.54]. B→T showed synergistic effects in all three cell lines [C.I., 0.36–0.76]. However, T→B was less synergistic in two of the three lines [Sqcc/Y1 C.I. = 0.404; Tu212 C.I. = 0.748]. Apoptosis was also sequence dependent with B+T or B→T treatment showing significantly more apoptosis than T→B (p = 0.03). Apoptosis induced by T→B was not different from treatment with single agent B (p = 0.22). Sqcc/Y1 cells treated with B and T showed accumulation in G2M phase and an increased percentage of cells in sub-G1. The observed synergistic inhibitory effect of B+T was associated with downregulation of p-AKT. Conclusions: We conclude that treatment with B+T and B→T synergistically enhances HNSCC growth inhibition and results in both significantly increased apoptosis and G2M arrest. These studies strongly support the clinical development of the sequential combination of a PI and a FTI. (Supported by Millenium Pharm. and the Georgia Cancer Coalition). [Table: see text]

IN VIVO STUDIES ON ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINASE SERUM

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
M. Goldner ◽  
R. J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Observation Period

Several workers have shown that laboratory animals are protected from penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections by antiserum to Bacillus cereus penicillinase in conjunction with benzylpenicillin. This paper shows that antiserum to staphylococcal penicillinase has the same effect. Concentrated penicillinase from a single strain of staphylococcus was used to prepare a rabbit antiserum. Groups of rabbits were injected intravenously with lethal doses of the same strain of staphylococcus. They were either given no treatment or were treated with penicillin only, antiserum only, or combined penicillin and antiserum. Antiserum was given in a single dose or in multiple doses. Throughout the 3-week observation period, the mortality in the group of rabbits receiving combined treatment was significantly less than in any other group. It was concluded that it might be possible to use antistaphylococcal penicillinase serum in the treatment of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document