scholarly journals ФІТОІНДИКАЦІЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ УМОВ У МЕЖАХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ ПІДСТАНЦІЙ

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Zhukov ◽  
O. V. Potapenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Light Mode ◽  
Power Substations

<p>In present article the synphytoindication of environmental conditions formed in the areas of power substations and set the direction of environmental transformations caused by soil contamination substations technological oil have been performed. Studies have been conducted in the autumn of 2016. Relevés have been made on 19 power substations. Geobotanical description have been within each sub-station separately for control site, which has not experienced the negative impact of oil spills and technological area with obvious traces of the spill process oil. Moreover, the substations within the description made in additional areas. The total number of relevés is 51, of which 22 are in control conditions and 29 are in process oil contaminated sites. In terms hygromorphes investigated edaphotopes can be attributed to those that are favorable for plant environmental group sub-mesophytes. The variability of damping forms the regime that are favorable to the ecological group of hemi-hydrocontrastophiles. The soil acidity forms favorable regime for sub-acidophiles. Th total salt regime may be stated as being favorable for mesotrophes. The regime of the carbonate content in soil may be attributed to those that are favorable for acarbonatophiles. The nitrogen content in soil are favorable for hemi-nitrophiles. The soil aeration is favorable for sub-aerophiles. The thermal climate of ecotypes can be considered as immoral. In the study area the radiation balance of 2045.3 MJ • m 2 • hr-1. The humidity can be evaluated as such, which is favorable sub-aridophytes. The difference between the amount of precipitation and evaporation according to phytoindication is –299.1 mm. The continentality of climate can be estimated as hemi-continental. The phytoindication evaluation reveals that the temperature of the coldest month is –4,8 ° C. The light mode is heliophyte friendly. The synphytoindication method has been shown to be a quite informative for environmental regimes detection due to anthropogenic transformation of ecotops. Ability to use tools phytoindication designed for natural ecosystems, for the purposes of the environmental assessment of anthropogenically transformed areas, caused by non-specific nature of the response of communities living organisms on pollution. Against the background of the natural gradient, which is subject to environmental conditions in the relevant part of the steppe zone, where power substations are studied, and their vegetation cover reflects some of the specific features inherent in this is man-made formations. First of all, it thermal climate whose valuation is impossible to explain the relevant gradients. This feature of the thermal climate accompanied by increased light mode and an increased level of human-induced soil aeration. We obtained evidence that pollution leads to unification of ecological structure of the plant community. Under the influence of pollution there is a transition to a final state, which is to some extent independent of the initial ecological diversity of communities. Unification of ecological structure of vegetation under the influence of soil contamination with oil technology is a testament to the unification of the environmental conditions.</p>

scholarly journals ФИТОИНДИКАЦИОННОЕ ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ КАТЕНЫ СООБЩЕСТВ ПОЧВЕННОЙ МЕЗОФАУНЫ И ИХ ЭКОМОРФИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhukov ◽  
O. N. Kunah ◽  
V. A. Novikova ◽  
D. S. Ganzha
Keyword(s):  
Similar Condition ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Soil Animals ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Animal Communities

The approaches to the use of catena method of studying the diversity of soil animal communities’ arena landscape of the Dnieper River Valley (within the natural reserve “Dnieper-Orelsky” using phytoindication estimation have been developed in the present article. Soil animals ecomorphes have been verified on the basis of main trends variability of environmental conditions which evaluated by means of phytoindication approaches. Monitoring polygon situated in the north-eastern part of the natural reserve "Dnieper-Orelsky". The width of the polygon is 3260 m, height – 2850 m, its total area is 930 hectares. Inside the polygon we selected some five plots: on the slope of the sand dunes at the border the sandy steppe and Acer tataricum shrub; on the slope of the Northern exposure of the Orlova valley in Acer tataricum oak forest with Dáctylis glomeráta; in terrace near the flood plain on the border with the lower part of the slope, in elm-black poplar forest with Glechóma hederácea; in the waterlogged tributary of river Protoch on the border of the marsh and forest ecosystems; in river Protoch in grass community, in a gradient from the marsh community to steppe meadows. Each plot was represented by 105 squares of size 3×3 m. Squares arranged in 7 contiguous rows of 15 squares in each. Plot size was 21×45 m. Big side plot was located along the visually discernible gradient terrain topography and vegetation cover. In each square we made a description of the vegetation with the assessment of the projective cover with a lag of 10%. In the center of each square we sampled soil of 0.25×0.25 m from which the soil macroinvertebrates have been extracted by hand sorting. The ordination of mesopedobionts communities has been applied to multidimensional scaling procedure based on metrics of Bray-Curtis with provisional data on transformation according to Hellinger. The phytoindication estimation of the environmental regimes have been found to be statistically significant predictors of multidimensional scales that obtained after ordination of mesopedobionts communities. Dimension 1 can be explained by edaphotop nutrient status, dimension 2 can be explained by edaphotop humidity, dimension 3 may be explained by soil aeration, dimension 4 may be explained by quantity of carbonates in soil. Dimensions 5 and 6 have a complex factor nature which is difficult to interpret meaningfully. Environmental assessment regimes using phyto-indicative scales enabled set the value of soil carbonate content and aeration in structuring of soil animals communities. The obtained result makes reasonable provision of new ecomorphes of soil animals such as aèromorph and carbonatomorph. Aèromorphes are ecological group that combines soil animals, preferring similar condition of soil aeration, among which are highlighted in aerophyles, sub-aerophyles, hemiaerofobes and subaerofobes. Carbonatomorphes are ecological group that combines soil animals, preferring similar condition of carbonates content in soil, among which are highlighted in carbonatofobes, akarbonatophyles, hemicarbonatophyles, carbonatophyles and hyper-carbonatophyles. Classic catena approach for biogeocenotic and landscape diversity investigation have been supplemented by the assessment of the ecological regimes through phytoindication and ecomorphic analysis of vegetation. Ordinates of ecological regimes are the gradients of variation of soil animal communities. Information and valuable markers of vegetation (phytoindication scale and ecomorphes) can be used as training variables to assess the indicator properties of soil animal communities. Ecomorphes of soil animals reflect the main aspects of the structural organization of their communities and may serve as valuable indicators of the properties and behaviors of soil as environment of living organisms.

A COLUMN STUDY OF SOIL CONTAMINATION BY LEAD: INFLUENCE OF pH AND CARBONATE CONTENT. I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
J. M. Rodríguez-Maroto ◽  
C. Vereda-Alonso ◽  
C. Gómez-Lahoz ◽  
F. García-Herruzo ◽  
R. A. García-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Column Study ◽  
Influence Of Ph

scholarly journals Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of hygrophyte grasslands on Transcarpathian Lowland

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
H. Hushtan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
Platynothrus Peltifer

Fauna and ecological diversity of oribatid mites of hygrophyte grasslands on Transcarpathian lowland is considered in the paper. For Transcarpathia, such studies have not been conducted before. For hygrophyte grasslands 45 species of Oribatida (25 families, 34 families) are registered. The most numerous among detected taxa were Platynothrus peltifer, Ceratozetes mediocris and Oppiella nova. It has been established that dominant role belongs to the surface-soil morpho-ecological group of oribatid mites. In the ecological structure, predominant role is inherent of hydrophilous and eurytopic species.

scholarly journals The functional organisation of the mesopedobionts community of sod pinewood soils on arena of the river Dnepr

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Zhukov ◽  
O. N. Kunah ◽  
V. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Soil Animals ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Rlq Analysis ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
Trophic Traits

We revealed the functional groups of the animals of sod pinewood soils (arena of the river Dnepr in the "Dneprovsko-Orelsky" Nature Reserve) on the basis of cluster analysis of the RLQ-axes received as result of interaction of matrix of community, matrix of edaphic parameters and matrix of ecomorphs of soil animals. The quantitative account of soil mesofauna has allowed us to establish that the community of animals inhabiting sod pinewood soils is represented by 20 species at a density of 68.9 ± 14.6 ind./m2, 8 forms were identified at the level of genus, family or order. Two species were represented by their larval and imago phases (Anatolica eremita (Steven, 1829) and Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790)). A count of animals conducted in an alternative way has allowed us to expand the list to 38 species or forms at species level. The level of abundance and diversity for sod pinewood soils on the arena is not high compared with other types of soils of the arena of the river Dnepr. This result shows that the community has a simplified ecological structure. The prevailing ecological structure of the community can be characterised as steppe, xerophilous, oligotrophocoenomorphic. Anecic animals are absent from the topomorphic structure and saprophagous animals absent from the trophic structure. Only additional collection by alternative methods has allowed us to establish the presence in the community of saprophagous and anecic animals. The latter ecological group is represented by the extremely mobile vertebrate species Pelobates fuscus. The foromorphic structure of the community differs by its great variety. In this structure various strategies of animals’ movement through the soil are proportionately represented. On the one hand, we see various ways of movement of herpetobiont animals, mainly insect imagoes, which as a whole differ in their considerable migratory potential. This circumstance staticizes the historical reasons for the formation of the studied community. On the other hand, in the community there are various strategies of movement in the soil that allow us to assume or determine the reasons or causes of structurization of an ecological niche. Environmental factors are described by two groups of indicators, edaphic properties and values of phytoindicator scales. The mesopedobionts community structure is presented as a classical matrix of species/sampling points. The ecology of communities is principally focused not on taxonomic features but on biological properties (traits) of species. Such features can act on ecomorphs of soil animals. The direct functional analysis of relationship of biological properties of species with variables of environment by means of data on the abundance of species demands association of three matrixes of data. Such problem can be tackled by means of the RLQ-analysis. A key aspect of structurization of communities of soil mesofauna is differentiation in trophic traits. The organisation of a community of soil animals in an ecological space set by axes RLQ can be displayed in the form of a natural variation of RLQ-axes in geographical space. Everything in the RLQ is represented, as follows from the mathematical nature of this generalisation, an independent aspect of the coordinated variation of structure of a community of soil animals, properties of environment and ecomorphic features of mesopedobionts. 

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity of Mechanical Impedance of Atypical Chernozem: The Ecological Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zhukov ◽  
Galina Gadorozhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Indicator Value ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Climate Indicator ◽  
Broad Scale

AbstractIn this research paper, the spatial heterogeneity of mechanical impedance of a typical chernozem was investigated. The distance between experimental points in the mechanical impedance space was explained by means of multidimensional scaling. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between dissimilarity indices and gradient separation with different data transformation methods revealed that the use of log-transformed data and Horn-Morisita distance was the most appropriate approach to reflect the relationship between the mechanical impedance of soil and ecological factors. A three dimensional variant of multidimensional scaling procedure was selected as the most appropriate decision. Environmental factors were estimated with the use of phytoindicator scales. Broad, medium and fine-scale components of spatial variation of mechanical impedance of soil were extracted using the principal coordinates of neighbour matrices method (PCNM). In the extracted dimensions, statistically significant phytoindicator scales were found to describe variability from 8 to 33%. Dimension 1 correlated with a thermal climate indicator value, a hygromorphs index, an abundance of steppe species and meadow species. Dimension 2 correlated with a continental climate indicator value, carbonate content in the soil and the soil trophicity index (capacity of the soil for plant nutrition). Dimension 3 correlated with acidity, humidity and cryoclimate indicator values. Variation partitioning results revealed that environmental factors and spatial variables explained 47.8% of the total variation of the dimensions. Purely environmental component explained 18.2% of total variation. The spatial component and spatially structured environmental fractions explained 43.6%. The broad-scale spatial component explained 26.4% of dimensional variation, medium-scale – 6.7% and fine-scale – 5.7%. As a result of regression analysis, the broad-scale spatially structured environmental fractions were found to be connected with variability of moisture and thermal climate indicator values. The medium-scale component was revealed to be connected with variability of moisture, thermal climate, total salt regime and aeration of soil indicator value. The fine-scale component was connected with carbonate content in the soil, acidity and humidity indicator values.

A COLUMN STUDY OF SOIL CONTAMINATION BY LEAD: INFLUENCE OF pH AND CARBONATE CONTENT. II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026
Author(s):  
José M. Rodríguez-Maroto ◽  
Cesar Gómez-Lahoz ◽  
Carlos Vereda-Alonso ◽  
Rafael A. García-Delgado ◽  
Francisco García-Herruzo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Column Study ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

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