scholarly journals Factors of the sea and land in the theoretical substantiation of external influence strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Eduard Gugnin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Spatial Coordinates

The article develops a descriptive-analytical scheme of strategies of external influence of thalassocratic and tellurocratic-oriented societies and their key elements, to achieve which a descriptive-analytical scheme of external influence strategy of thalassocratic-oriented-societies and their tellurocratic-oriented societies is developed. comparative analysis.The aim of the article is to develop a descriptive-analytical scheme of strategies of external influence of thalassocratic and tellurocratic-oriented societies and their key elements. The following research methods are used in the article: comparative analysis, document analysis.The study concluded that thalassocratic and tellurocratic strategies for the influence of some societies on other societies are largely dependent on the socio-cultural and institutional characteristics of the societies that are affected. Proximity to the sea or land in the projection on the cultural identity and institutional profiles of different societies ceases to be a physical-geographical determinant. It is emphasized that spatial coordinates can significantly determine the value and normative principles of different societies and strategies for their impact on other societies, in turn, having the opposite effect from them.It is noted that external influence directs some non-ruling elites as actors of influence on other societies and the use of other societies as experimental sites for societies that are subject to influence.It is noted that thalassocracy and tellurocracy become concomitant for various elements of external influence strategies, taking into account the geopolitical, geoeconomic and geocultural features of society. It is stated that the differences between the elements of strategies can be manifested in the characteristics of the subjectivity of society, objects and targets of external influence, levels of external influence, programs and technologies of external influence, effects and results of influence.

scholarly journals Corruption, illegitimacy and external influence: political factors of state instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Eduard Gugnin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
The State ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Spatial Cohesion ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
External Actors

The article constructs a descriptive and analytical description of the connection between corruption, delegitimization and loss of state sovereignty over society as background factors for increasing external influence and the destruction of political and spatial cohesion. As a result of the study, a conclusion was formulated, according to which the complete or partial loss of legitimacy coincides with the spread of corruption, which entails the devaluation of value and regulatory systems of social behavior. It is emphasized that corrupt practices contribute to the destruction of morals, law, ideology, have a devastating effect on government structures, procedures for its institutionalization, prevent the nomination of elites and leaders to command positions in the state apparatus, negatively affect the power and centralizing capabilities of the state. legitimate physical violence. It is noted that the loss of legitimacy is preceded by the loss of dialogue between government and society, the habitualization of corruption and its transformation into an endemic component of social life.It was stated that corruption increases the level of public permeability for external actors who take advantage of the situation of blurring the boundaries of political space and encourage citizens to spontaneous protests, which should shake the procedural principles of law and order, to achieve open conflicts between government and self-organized communities. what are the conditions for dialogue. External actors can seek to actively discredit the ruling elites by simultaneously unscrewing instability and escalating waves of destructive criticism aimed at disavowing all kinds of legitimacy: ideological, ethnic, structural, personalistic (charismatic), and others.It is noted that the final destruction of the state is the loss of a monopoly on public violence within the procedures established by law. Actors of external influence can resort to various acts of violence in order to encourage the ruling elites to increase security with the use of special Praetorian groups (paramilitary formations).It is summarized that the emergence of paramilitary formations is an indicator of the fragility of the state and its inability to control its own power structures, as evidenced by the violation of paramilitary formations of the usual official hierarchies and privatization of legitimate violence by alternative centers of power. Finally, it is emphasized that the destructive accompaniment of the latter is the growth of shadow arms markets, criminalization of the behavior of ordinary citizens who cease to see the state as an authorized defender of sovereignty and security and cease to trust legitimate law enforcement agencies, and these processes precede their colonial expansion. frozen conflicts with accompanying negative consequences for the state.

Influence strategies and work outcomes: effects of attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-984
Author(s):  
Melody P.M. Chong ◽  
Xiji Zhu ◽  
Pingping Fu ◽  
Ling Ying Sarinna Wong
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose Previous research on influence strategies has almost exclusively indicated negative relationships between assertive influence and employee work outcomes; the purpose of this study is to argue that an assertive influence strategy can also lead to both positive and negative work outcomes, when subordinates hold different attributions towards the leaders’ motive of using assertive influence (hereafter “the cause”). Design/methodology/approach The empirical study was based on data collected from 930 employees in China. The authors developed hypotheses to test the mediating effects of three types of perception in the relationship between an assertive influence strategy and five outcomes, and additional analyses on persuasive and relational influence strategies are also conducted. Findings Results show that when subordinates attribute the cause to their ability (internal attribution), an assertive influence has indirect positive effect on felt obligation, organizational commitment, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior; when subordinates attribute the cause to the poor relationship with their superiors (relational attribution), an assertive influence has indirect negative impact on most outcomes except for job performance; when subordinates perceive that the cause is to the superiors, such as authoritarian leadership (external attribution), an assertive influence has indirect positive effect on job performance. Practical implications The study highlights the importance of subordinates’ perceptions during the leadership influence processes. Originality/value This study was the first to examine the mediation relationship between three types of influence strategies and five organizational outcomes based on a large sample of front-line staff in China. The findings of the study also enrich the literature of leadership and attribution theories.

Conversion vs. Tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Shaffer ◽  
Radmila Prislin
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Group Loyalty

Past research has documented that social change has different implications for group identification when it is effected through successful minority’s advocacy for tolerance of diversity vs. conversion of opponents to supporters. Extending these findings, the current study demonstrated that minorities who successfully advocated tolerance, compared to those who successfully converted opponents, were more loyal to the group. This was evident in their working harder for the group at their own personal expense and without expecting anything in return. The effect of influence strategy on group loyalty was mediated by evaluative and cognitive components of group identification. Implications for group dynamics in which active minorities employ different influence strategies and their motivational underpinnings are discussed.

The Use of Power and Influence in a Gendered World

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Sagrestano
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power And Influence

A review is presented of empirical research on the effects of gender and power on the use of influence strategies in interpersonal relationships. Several variables are considered, including gender, power, status, relationship of agent to target, and the goal of the influence attempt. Although gender appears to account for some of the findings, power and status are more critical variables in choice of power strategies. Because gender is inextricably linked to power and status, the relationship of gender to influence strategy usage can only be understood in terms of its relationship to power and status.

Influence Strategies in Buying Centers

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
Ajay K. Kohli ◽  
Gerald Zaltman
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Target Characteristics

Research on influence strategies has typically been conducted in interorganizational settings. In a departure from this tradition, the authors focus on influence strategies used by managers in buying centers. They develop a three-dimensional framework for classifying six prominent influence strategies—threats, promises, recommendations, requests, legalistic pleas, and information exchange. Drawing on this framework, the authors argue that the use of a particular influence strategy by a manager is likely to be related to two classes of antecedents: source and target characteristics. Additionally, they draw on the framework to argue that the effectiveness of alternative influence strategies is likely to vary in predictable ways. The authors investigate the pervasiveness of each of the six influence strategies in a study of 187 purchasing decisions and compare the findings to those previously obtained in interorganizational settings. Findings pertaining to the study's hypotheses provide insights into the relative effectiveness of the six influence strategies and the conditions under which certain influence strategies are more likely to be used.

Decomposing Influence Strategies: Argument Structure and Dependence as Determinants of the Effectiveness of Influence Strategies in Gaining Channel Member Compliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Payan ◽  
Richard G. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Channel Member ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Relational Outcomes

Although there is considerable research examining the effects of influence strategies on relational outcomes, research has been silent on the effectiveness of influence strategies in achieving the primary objective: channel member compliance. The authors develop a theoretical model that predicts that noncoercive influence strategies (Rationality, Recommendations, Information Exchange, and Requests) with an argument structure that contains more thorough content result in relatively greater levels of compliance. The model further predicts that coercive influence strategies (Promises and Threats) result in compliance only when target dependence levels are high. The authors develop a new influence strategy, Rationality, which represents a noncoercive strategy with a full argument structure. In general, empirical findings support the theoretical model. However, in contrast to expectations, the use of Recommendations had a negative effect on compliance. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction between trust and Recommendations on compliance, thus providing an explanation for this unexpected result. When trust is low, Recommendation strategies are counterproductive. The authors discuss implications of the findings and directions for further research.

Links between influence strategies and satisfaction: reexamination from the dyadic and network perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Liyang Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Tie Strength ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
Relational Embeddedness ◽  
Powerful Explanation

Purpose Previous studies have investigated the influence strategy–economic satisfaction links within a pairwise framework. This study aims to reexamine this issue in a network context from both the structural and relational embeddedness perspectives. Design/methodology/approach An ego network approach in which the network consists of a focal distributor, other distributors and alternate manufacturers is adopted to measure the distributor’s network. Drawing on data from 124 distributors from China’s tire industry, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The empirical results find a positive relationship between a manufacturer’s noncoercive influence strategies and the distributor’s economic satisfaction and an inverse U-shaped relationship between coercive influence strategies and economic satisfaction. It discusses the joint effects of coercive and noncoercive influence strategies and finds that the former mitigate the positive effects of the latter and that the latter flatten the inverse-U shaped effect of the former. Further, when a distributor spans rich structural holes, the effects of coercive and noncoercive influence strategies on economic satisfaction weaken. When a distributor has strong ties with its network members, the effects of noncoercive influence strategies are mitigated, while the effects of coercive influence strategies are enhanced. Practical implications This study provides implications for manufacturers, particularly concerning how to properly exert influence strategies to improve distributors’ economic satisfaction. Manufacturers should consider the attributes of the networks in which the distributors are embedded, involving structural holes and tie strength. They should also carefully use the two influence strategies simultaneously. Originality/value This study contributes to the influence strategy literature by incorporating a network perspective by empirically examining the different moderating effects of structural holes and tie strength; provides a new and powerful explanation for the effects that coercive influence strategies have on economic satisfaction by testing an inverse U-shaped effect; and examines the effects of the interaction of two strategies.

scholarly journals Political, socio-demographic and economic aspects of state instability as a factor of external influence in Ukraine: a sociological perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Eduard Gugnin
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The One ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article describes the descriptive characteristics of demographic and economic factors of state weakening in their multicausal interactions, which is based on the analysis of empirical indicators of state instability of the demographic and economic sphere, proposed by the Peace Foundation and partial logical extrapolation of these indicators to the social reality of Ukraine. As a result of research the following conclusions are formulated. The analysis of the factors of weakening of the state power in Ukraine allows to carry out their conditional hierarchy which will be defined by features of a social-institutional and social-group profile of the Ukrainian society. It is stated that the weakening of state power over the past 5 years can be considered both as the root cause and as a consequence of external influence. At the same time, it was emphasized that the external influence on the functioning of state institutions, the economy, and the mass media took place at the start of Ukrainian independence. It is noted that at the level of a formal constitutional act Ukraine was declared an independent and sovereign state, in social practices one could observe an unspoken (shadow) restriction of sovereignty by the presence of infiltrated groups of influence of other states (including Russia, USA, EU countries) in parliament, bodies executive power in general and special services in particular. It is noted that their very presence, on the one hand, was a consequence of the instability of the borders of identity of the political space of Ukraine, its power and information depressurization, on the other hand - the weakness of cultural filters, which was expressed in cult attitude to actors of foreign origin.It is emphasized that these actors of external influence did not (and could not) have an interest in strengthening Ukrainian statehood, and therefore created a regime of ignorance and silence to solve a number of current problems and crises, from cultural to environmental. It is noted that at the same time, it is impossible to remove some responsibility for maintaining such a regime from ordinary citizens, who, as bearers of Soviet political culture, are accustomed to building relations with the state in the usual paternalistic format. It was stated that the consequences of covert external influence and its ignorance and tacit indulgence by the population were protest movements, which grew into the Orange Revolution of 2005 and the Revolution of Dignity of 2014.Attention is focused on the fact that the "coefficient of usefulness" of these events for Ukrainian society (except for the ruling elites) remains quite insignificant. Permanent fragmentation of state power and its delegitimization continue, crisis phenomena in the economy become more complicated and intensified, environmental problems are postponed, however, they steadily affect the creation of discontent groups. It is summarized that all this highlights the need for sociological reflection and implementation of management strategies to overcome the crisis, part of which is a multi-causal study of external influence on Ukraine, which has been the subject of analysis in this article and future publications.

scholarly journals Anti-Chinese Sentiments in Kazakhstan: Domestic Sinophobia, Interests of the Elites, External Influence

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
A. Titarenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
External Forces

In recent years there has been an increase in China's influence on the economic, political and humanitarian life in Kazakhstan. It leads to an increase of Sinophobia in the country. The author analyzes the reasons and dynamics of anti-Chinese sentiments in Kazakhstan, coming to the conclusion that hostility to the Chinese is often irrational and serves as a marker of the population's distrust of the ruling elites. In the author’s opinion, everyday dissatisfaction with the dominance of “aliens” is complemented by the desire of the elites to use the image of an external enemy in the clan interests in the struggle for power. This is taken into account and is actively used by external forces, primarily by the United States, as to strengthen their positions in the region.

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